bmdo technologies for biomedical applications - MDA Technology

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103-D PICTUREIN A CUBE• This prototype display offers true3-D without illusions.BMDO HISTORY3-D Technology Laboratories (Mountain View, CA) was founded byElizabeth Downing, Ph.D., in 1996. Her pioneering work in 3-D displaytechnology at Stanford University generated enormous interest and earnedwidespread publicity. Along with a number of agencies, BMDO is helpingto support her research in rare-earth-doped glass display technologythrough a Phase I SBIR contract. The applicationsare numerous, ranging from medicalimaging and air traffic control displaysSome neuroscientistsand battlefield management monitors totheorize that we storevideo games and virtual-reality entertainmentdevices.information in our brainsHOW IT WORKSholographically, with eachThe system uses two computer-controlledmemory stored in several infrared lasers to trace its 3-D picturesinside a cube of special laminated glass,places simultaneously. much as the electron beam from a cathoderay tube traces a 2-D image on a televisionWhen we remember screen. The energy generated at the pointwhere the invisible laser beams intersectsomething, all these areasmakes a single point of the glass glow withvisible light—a precise dot like a videoare alerted at the samescreen pixel seemingly suspended in space.time from one prompting “This allows you to address a pixel anywhereinside a three-dimensional volume,neuronal signal, much as and then by scanning rapidly, you can drawthree-dimensional images,” says Downing.a laser can tease out an The fluorescent glass display uses severalrare-earth compounds that emit differententire image from acolors of visible light when struck by thelaser beam. By varying the chemistry of thehologram with one beam.glass, the designers are able to generate red,Perhaps this is why we blue, and green light and mix them to createall the components necessary for a fullcolordisplay.relish 3-D reconstructions.The prototype display is about a cubic inchin volume, and the pictures it contains are simple three-color line drawings,which serve as test patterns. But its developers said they are confidentthat they can quickly make the viewing system larger while making its supportelectronics smaller. Standing between the developers and any immediatecommercial application are technical obstacles such as the cost of thehigh-purity materials needed to manufacture the special rare-earth glassChapter 1 - Information TechnologiesSection A - PresentationBMDO Technologies for Biomedical Applications
used in the display cube. In addition, the processing demands imposed bydata-intensive, high-resolution imaging are quite high.MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe display draws real volumetric images. As a result, all the normal depthcues that are used for visualization can be applied, independent of theuser’s head position. No processing has to be done to update the viewwhen the user’s perspective changes. This is one of the primary differencesbetween true 3-D and virtual-reality or stereoscopic displays—no latencydue to rendering scenes from a new direction. The unique advantages ofthis system lend themselves exceptionally well to medical imaging.The display can offer models of anatomy that are not limited by the usualobscuring barriers. As an example, a surgeon could observe a transparentview of the human brain, seeing the skull and all the internal structures atonce, as if they were made of glass. This is an interesting way to look atphysical models. It takes virtual reality beyond what is possible in actualreality—to see any solid as a sort of 3-D line drawing. By referring to landmarksin the display, surgeons can be more confident that they are avoidingvital arteries and other areas as they move their instruments. A differentview can be obtained by simply looking at a different part of the display.As a teaching tool, current 3-D displays are already immensely popular.Animation and viewability from any angle are further advantages of thenew technology. The heart in motion, for instance, is a far more informativerepresentation than a static model.• Designs can range from whimsicallysimple to complex.VENTURES OR PRODUCT AVAILABILITYThis technology is in the research phase. Downing has obtained generoussupport from the National Science Foundation, the Air Force, the DefenseAdvanced Research Projects Agency, and the National Aeronautics andSpace Administration, and is submitting a Phase I SBIR proposal to theNational Institutes of Health. She has recently made a technical advance byincorporating praseodymium into a ceramic glass, which could reduce thecost of materials.CONTACT3D Technology LaboratoriesElizabeth Downing, Ph.D.P.O. Box 114200 Flower Blossom LaneMountain View, CA 94042-0114Telephone: (415) 964-4410Facsimile: (415) 964-2844Email: 3dlabs@pipeline.com11BMDO Technologies for Biomedical ApplicationsChapter 1 - Information TechnologiesSection A - Presentation
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MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCERoto-Lok drives
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WELLMAN LABORATORIES OFPHOTOMEDICIN
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BECKMAN LASERINSTITUTE ADVANCES•
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HIGH-ENERGY CAPACITORS TOHELP ZAP M
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CARBON DIOXIDE LASERS FORMEDICAL AP
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INDEX3-D image ....................
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Retinal camera ....................
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