bmdo technologies for biomedical applications - MDA Technology

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RAMAN-BASED GENEPROBE TECHNOLOGY• Dr. Vo-Dinh’s nonradioactive, nonfluorescentgene probe is safe and sensitive.BMDO HISTORYWith the help of funding through BMDO’s Innovative Science andTechnology Directorate and the Department of Energy, an advanced opticaltechnology called surface-enhanced Raman optical data storage(SERODS) was born. Developed to greatly expand data storage capabilitiesbeyond those achievable with conventional silicon technology, SERODSalso spawned a novel gene probe technology,SERGen. SERGen requires no radioactivetags or special fluorescing dyes and cutsSince the race togene identification time drastically, from assequence the humanmany as 16 hours to a matter of minutes. Itgenome began, about 20 can also be used with conventional molecularbiology techniques such as polymerasepercent of human genes chain reaction.have been at least partiallyHOW IT WORKSSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopysequenced. However, (SERS) is the basis for SERGen’s ability todistinguish between single-stranded andscientists have identified double-stranded DNA. Adsorbing a genesequence of interest onto an “enhancing”functions for only 3 percentof the postulatedmicrostructured metal surface greatlystrengthens the Raman signal, allowing aresearcher to detect minute quantities of80,000 to 100,000 genes. specific DNA sequences with a spectroscope.When a gene sequence of interest isintroduced into the reaction, the SERSprobe seeks out its complementary partner on the reaction plate; thisprocess is known as hybridization. Hybridization indicates that a matchhas been made between two complementary strands of DNA. The doublestrandedhybrids give a unique Raman signal, distinguishing them fromthe single-stranded, unmatched sequences.54MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCEThere are many areas in which SERGen would prove useful because of itsrapidity and sensitivity. For example, in our era of increasing antibioticresistance, SERGen may prove a boon to doctors who want to quicklyidentify resistant organisms. In this way, the proper medication can be prescribedand a wasted course of ineffective antibiotics can be avoided. Thereare many known resistance genes in bacteria. With a simple probe that representsthe sequence of the resistance gene, SERGen can immediately identifythis unique biochemical tag to narrow drug treatment choices.Chapter 2 - Observation TechnologiesSection C - DiagnosisBMDO Technologies for Biomedical Applications
SERGen has already been used in the laboratory to detect sequences fromthe genomes of HIV-1, hepatitis B, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (theorganism that causes tuberculosis). Therefore, SERGen can serve as a fastprobe for diagnosing infections without the long wait for cultures or antibodyassays.A much more newsworthy application of SERGen is in the HumanGenome Project, for which discussions are under way. Gene sequencingand identification timetables have accelerated impressively; however, theseincremental improvements have been variations on a few themes of conventionalmolecular biology techniques. SERGen could offer a drasticimprovement in methodology.VENTURES OR PRODUCT AVAILABILITYSERGen won a 1996 R&D 100 award, and a patent for the technology ispending.CONTACTOak Ridge National LaboratoryTuan Vo-Dinh, Ph.D.P.O. Box 2008Mail Stop 6101Oak Ridge, TN 37831Telephone: (423) 574-6249Facsimile: (423) 576-7651Email: tvo@ornl.govWWW: http://www.ornl.gov55BMDO Technologies for Biomedical ApplicationsChapter 2 - Observation TechnologiesSection C - Diagnosis
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