HIGH-ENERGY CAPACITORS TOHELP ZAP MICROBESBMDO HISTORYPurePulse Technologies, Inc., a subsidiary of Maxwell Technologies (SanDiego, CA), has developed a highly efficient FDA-approved method <strong>for</strong>killing parasites, bacteria, and viruses in water, on the surfaces of medical andfood packaging, and in liquid foods. Dubbed PureBright ® and CoolPure ® ,the two systems deliver, respectively, microsecond bursts of intense light ora pulsed electric field to rupture the membranesof pathogenic microbes. Based onA major outbreak of waterborneCryptosporidiumadvanced high-energy capacitors, the systemsoffer kill rates 100 to 10,000 timesthose of conventional mercury lamp ultraviolettreatments. BMDO partially fundedoccurred in the summerdevelopment of these capacitors to produceof 1993, sickening about a compact, lightweight device that couldprovide pulsed power <strong>for</strong> space-based lasers400,000 people in the and accelerators.• PurePulse has introduced a fastand effective method <strong>for</strong> eliminatingdeadly bacteria, viruses, and othermicroorganisms.Milwaukee area. There isno effective treatment <strong>for</strong>this parasite, which canalso be spread throughfoods, juices, and personalcontact. Water filtering andhand washing are goodpreventive measures.HOW IT WORKSCapacitors accumulate electrical charge andenergy on the surfaces of conducting platesthat are insulated from each other by adielectric material. Maxwell developed itscapacitors by using insulating materials witha higher dielectric constant, reducing thethickness of the insulating material, increasingthe voltage between the conductors, andreducing the thickness of the conductingplates. Through this combination, Maxwellsuccessfully produced its high-density thinfilmcapacitors, which have been used topower implantable cardiac fibrillators.PurePulse used this same technology todevelop its purification systems.84MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCEPureBright has been shown to kill the deadly Cryptosporidium, a recentlyresurgent pathogen in municipal water systems. Moreover, the organism iskilled in the oocyst phase, a particularly resistant stage in its life cycle.Viruses are also eliminated by the system. PureBright is designed to treatclear fluids, but it also effectively kills bacteria, mold spores, and viruses inair ducts and on filter surfaces. Used with ultraviolet-transmissive polymerssuch as polypropylene or polyethylene, PureBright can also sterilizesaline solutions in intravenous bags, making sterilization a one-stepprocess. Other <strong>applications</strong> include sterilizing packaged foods, decontam-Chapter 3 - Intervention TechnologiesSection B - TreatmentBMDO Technologies <strong>for</strong> Biomedical Applications
inating cup and lid packaging, and treating fresh meats, fruits, and vegetablesto prevent microbial degradation and eliminate contamination.CoolPure preserves opaque liquids such as milk, soups, and juices withoutheating and there<strong>for</strong>e without denaturing the treated product. As most peopleare accustomed to the flavor of heat-pasteurized milk, they may findCoolPure-treated raw milk an acquired taste. However, retention of rawmilk components such as rennin, the curdling enzyme, is important <strong>for</strong>cheese production. CoolPure is bactericidal at temperatures from 25°F to60°F and is designed to treat pumped liquids as they are flowing. The quicktreatment time ensures an acceptable product flow rate. CoolPure may alsoenhance the yields of some pharmaceutical and biotechnical processes.VENTURES OR PRODUCT AVAILABILITYPurePulse is in discussion with leading medical manufacturers <strong>for</strong> varioussterilization <strong>applications</strong>. The company has contracted with a large internationalfast-food chain <strong>for</strong> decontaminating water, the U.S. Army <strong>for</strong> sterilizingfood, and a manufacturer <strong>for</strong> treating liquid whole eggs. PurePulseconfigures its systems to the user’s needs and welcomes inquiries.CONTACTMaxwell Technologies/PurePulse TechnologiesBrian Vandemark4241 Ponderosa AvenueSan Diego, CA 92123Telephone: (619) 514-1262Facsimile: (619) 576-1377WWW: http://www.maxwell.com85BMDO Technologies <strong>for</strong> Biomedical ApplicationsChapter 3 - Intervention TechnologiesSection B - Treatment