bmdo technologies for biomedical applications - MDA Technology

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NIH INFRARED MICROSCOPE• This novel microscope dramaticallyand specifically highlights cellconstituents.BMDO HISTORYE. Neil Lewis, Ph.D., and a group of researchers at the National Institutesof Health (NIH) have developed an infrared microscope that uses a focalplane array (FPA) to obtain both spectral images and signatures of biologicaland other materials. The group used an indium antimonide (InSb) FPAfor their initial work, in which they imaged silicone inclusions in paraffinembeddedbreast tissue sections. Throughan alliance with Ted Heilweil, Ph.D., aThe furor over siliconeresearcher at the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST), the NIHbreast implants is far fromteam was able to access a mercury cadmiumresolved. Epidemiologists telluride (HgCdTe) FPA from BMDO’sExoatmospheric Kill Vehicle program runare pitted againstby the U.S. Army Space and StrategicDefense Command at Huntsville, AL. Thecytopathologists, many array is manufactured by Hughes and inthis case did not meet military specifications.The researchers say that the few deadof whom read differentpixels on the array do not in any way affectpatterns in the availablethe quality of their data. The HgCdTe arrayevidence. It is clear, however,that silicone leakagewill enable the group to expand the microscope’swavelength range.HOW IT WORKSinto living tissues is a The NIH group collaborated with colleaguesat NIST to extend the microscope’shighly undesirable event. spectral range to 11 micrometers by using aBMDO-funded 256 x 256 HgCdTe FPA.The InSb FPA limits the microscope to the2- to 5-micrometer range. Therefore, with the use of the HgCdTe FPA, it ispossible to expand the number of spectral signatures that the microscopecan detect, thereby greatly extending its chemical imaging capabilities.Both the InSb and the HgCdTe FPAs are nitrogen cooled.48Lewis developed the software that enables the acquisition and processingof the enormous amount of data that this microscope acquires. The microscopeuses an interferometer to record spectra, and therefore the softwareuses Fourier transform techniques to convert the data to chemical imagesand spectra. Typically, each image data set contains 16 to 20 megabytes ofdata, although standard PCs are used to manipulate and store the data.Chapter 2 - Observation TechnologiesSection C - DiagnosisBMDO Technologies for Biomedical Applications
MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCEMost components of living matter have a unique infrared signature thatcan be detected spectrographically. Molecular biology contributes new dataalmost every day about the molecular makeup of human beings and thesignificance of these molecules in health and disease. From cancerresearch, for instance, we know that abnormal proteins result from mutationsin critical genes that govern cell growth. Proteins such as prostatespecificantigen; the breast-cancer-associated genes BRCA1, BRCA2, andHER2; and many others may one day be detectable in minute quantitiesby their infrared signatures. The ability to image molecular informationfrom histological sections makes this instrument an especially qualifiedcandidate for use in the pathology laboratory. In general research, themicroscope’s uses can be as varied as the researcher’s interests.Lewis and his group clearly demonstrated the presence of silicone inclusionsin breast tissue samples and published their results in NatureMedicine (February 1997). Virtually all silicone gel breast implants haveshown a tendency to rupture and bleed their contents into surrounding tissues.These leaks have also been known to migrate into distant organs. Asa diagnostic tool in this controversial area, the microscope will enable cliniciansto identify leakage from silicone breast implants visually and bychemical signature.Many other industries are also interested in this technology. Polymers,pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and semiconductors are just some of the itemsthat can be analyzed with this microscope.VENTURES OR PRODUCT AVAILABILITYLewis has generated interest from a number of Fortune 500 companies,including Procter & Gamble, Miles Laboratories, ICI, and Estee Lauder.Procter & Gamble has installed such an imaging system in collaborationwith NIH, which owns the patent on the technology.CONTACTNational Institutes of HealthE. Neil Lewis, Ph.D.Building 5, Room B1-38Bethesda, MD 20892-0510Telephone: (301) 496-6847Facsimile: (301) 496-0825Email: neil@spy.niddk.nih.govWWW: http://www.nih.gov49BMDO Technologies for Biomedical ApplicationsChapter 2 - Observation TechnologiesSection C - Diagnosis
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