CARBON DIOXIDE LASERS FORMEDICAL APPLICATIONSBMDO HISTORYQSource, Inc. (East Hart<strong>for</strong>d, CT), received both Phase I and II SBIR funding<strong>for</strong> building compact, lightweight carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers <strong>for</strong>LADAR systems. In 1996, QSource won a Phase II contract through thenew SBIR Fast Track program, with Medical Optics, Inc. (MOI; Carlsbad,CA), providing the matching funds.Although a third of today’syoungsters between 5 and17 are cavity free, toothdecay remains secondonly to the common coldHOW IT WORKSQSource has licensed its radiofrequency,direct-current (RF-DC) CO2 laser to MOI<strong>for</strong> medical and dental <strong>applications</strong>. Dental<strong>applications</strong> are one of the initial target markets<strong>for</strong> QSource’s modular laser technology,which also has good industrial potential.In addition, these lasers are suitable <strong>for</strong>existent and emerging soft-tissue medicaltreatments, such as laser skin resurfacing.• QSource’s air-cooled lasers arepoised to enter the medical anddental markets.in disease prevalence.QSource’s sealed, air-cooled CO2 laser is amodular, repetitively pulsed instrumentthat employs a sealed tube configurationand a hybrid RF-DC electrical discharge lasing mechanism. The design’sadvantages are system reliability, ease of maintenance, and device life overconventional CO2 lasers. The design makes possible less costly manufacturingmethods in production. It achieves high power output with its combinedRF-DC excitation mode, which produces peak pulsed power levels(as high as 1 kilowatt) several orders of magnitude higher than the averageoutput power. The sealed design also allows system flexibility and portability,since the laser need not be connected to an umbilical gas line. It canalso operate in a continuous-wave mode and boasts a lifetime of more than1,000 hours in the product configuration.86MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCECO2 lasers are already in widespread use in the medical realm, and withthe pulsed power capability of QSource’s design, these lasers have promisingdental <strong>applications</strong>. In MOI-sponsored research at the University ofCali<strong>for</strong>nia at San Francisco Dental School, 9.3-micrometer-wavelengthlaser pulses are being investigated as a way to seal tooth enamel and inhibitdental caries (cavities). Studies suggest that rapid pulsing of teeth canmake them five times more resistant to caries <strong>for</strong>mation, and in some cases,the laser treatment can even remineralize areas of incipient decay. The brieftreatment is less time-consuming than fluoride treatment (which can discolorteeth) and polymer sealant application.Chapter 3 - Intervention TechnologiesSection B - TreatmentBMDO Technologies <strong>for</strong> Biomedical Applications
Another significant research area is laser pulpotomy, or laser treatment ofdental pulp, the vital portion of the tooth. At Beckman Laser Institute(Irvine, CA), MOI’s CO2 lasers (also designed with QSource technology)are being used in dogs to treat pulp infections. The laser method removesinflamed tissue be<strong>for</strong>e infection can destroy the whole tooth, and it leaveshealthy tissue intact so that the tooth remains functional and retains its livingroot. The method may become an alternative to root canal therapy, apainful procedure that millions of human patients undergo each year.Unlike the <strong>for</strong>ceful physical debridement methods of conventional rootcanal therapy, laser treatment is expected to result in better tooth retentionand reduced future complications.VENTURES OR PRODUCT AVAILABILITYDavid Nielsen, D.V.M., a Manhattan Beach, CA, veterinarian, has beenusing the CO2 laser in his canine dental practice since 1995. He works incollaboration with Petra Wilder-Smith, D.V.M., and George Peavy, D.V.M.,of the Beckman Laser Institute. Documentation of this work will eventuallybe used to justify human trials.MOI, a subsidiary of Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics, has agreed to providematching funds <strong>for</strong> technology development in the Fast Track PhaseII agreement, the total of which amounts to $1 million over two years.MOI sponsors research at the University of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia at San Francisco indental <strong>applications</strong> and plans to market QSource technology <strong>for</strong> the manyprocedures that the FDA has already approved <strong>for</strong> CO2 lasers.CONTACTQSource, Inc.Howard Knickerbocker91 Prestige Park CircleEast Hart<strong>for</strong>d, CT 06108Telephone: (860) 291-0120Facsimile: (860) 291-0124Medical Optics, Inc.Larry M. Osterink2752 Loker AvenueCarlsbad, CA 92008Telephone: (619) 438-9361Facsimile: (619) 438-916787BMDO Technologies <strong>for</strong> Biomedical ApplicationsChapter 3 - Intervention TechnologiesSection B - Treatment