Brazil (Part VIII, English version) - Convention on Biological Diversity

First national report for the <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity - BRAZILTable 3-12. Number of postgraduate scholarships awarded by the <strong>Brazil</strong>ian National ResearchCouncil (CNPq) in fields related to biodiversity.Field Master’s Doctorate1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995Chemistry 543 430 526 435 424 264 318 407 370 375Oceanography 30 34 37 32 39 3 0 1 5 10General Biology 13 16 30 34 44 0 0 0 2 4Genetics 96 107 106 111 124 69 82 52 83 89Botany 123 125 108 217 129 44 44 52 52 51Zoology 133 104 134 140 157 44 52 64 54 66Ecology 101 96 92 109 115 25 26 29 33 44Biochemistry 148 135 166 174 178 110 149 185 170 169Pharmacology 46 530 64 64 52 31 36 36 35 34Microbiology 53 57 63 64 70 38 44 44 46 40Parasitology 39 35 44 39 39 7 4 5 9 11Chemical Engineering 222 266 320 332 303 35 90 100 115 139Pharmacy 56 67 64 55 56 0 7 7 12 7Agronomy 472 508 540 601 603 0 176 194 212 259Forest Resourcesand Forestry Engineering 53 57 48 60 61 0 14 12 18 15Multidisciplinary 11 9 6 14 17 0 0 0 4 4Total 2,139 2,099 2,348 2,481 2,411 670 1,047 1,188 1,220 1,317Source: CAPES/MEC. Avaliação da Pós-Graduação. Síntese dos Resultados. Brasília, 1995.<strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity, many other and variedmechanisms with similar objectives arose shortly before andafter Rio 92.A survey of these mechanisms and experiments was carriedout in l996 by the Ministry of Environment, in collaborationwith the NGO Institute Society, Population and Nature (InstitutoSociedade, População e Natureza - ISPN). The surveyfacilitated the consolidation of a proposal for a system ofstoring information on biodiversity projects in the form of adata bank.The first phase consisted of a survey and analysis of theinformation from the principal financing or supporting agencies.Information was also collected from official governmentinstitutions and bilateral and multilateral financing agencies.The projects included in the survey were those concernedwith research, management, conservation, sustainable useand the recovery of biological diversity.The areas covered included Conservation Biology, in situand ex situ conservation, Biotechnology, Botany, Zoology,Animal and Plant Genetics, Animal and Plant Morphology,Animal and Plant Systematics, Zootechnology, inventoriesand surveys of living organisms, Physiology, Biochemistry,Microbiology, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology,Phytopathology and the sustainable use of plants andwildlife.It proved possible to systematise information relating tothe financing of biodiversity projects for 27 of the 40 fundingsources for environmental projects in <strong>Brazil</strong> (Table 3-14).These were divided into five categories:• State foundations for the support of research (5);• Federal Government institutions: foundations,financing foundations, state banks (6);• Nongovernmental organisations and foundations (4);• Governments of other countries (8);• International financing organisations (4).The state research support foundations invest principallyin scientific and technological research projects of intereststo the development of the state where they are located, withresources from the state budget. The beneficiaries aregenerally researchers in higher education and researchinstitutions. Assistance normally takes the form ofscholarships, assistance for participation in scientific events,and support for basic and applied research.From 1985 to 96, the five state foundations surveyedfinanced 1,615 projects which involved some aspect ofbiodiversity research, totalling US$ 14,270,973 (Table 3-15).The average grant per project was US$ 9,000, varying139