1973 iucn yearbook

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- of protecting nature from further destruction and misuse by man - fitted into the plans for world-wide reconstruction, and it was logical that the new United Nations organization, through UNESCO, should encourage and sponsor such a body. The Beginning The new organization, now known as IUCN but then called the International Union for the Protection of Nature, was created out of the full realization by its founders that international cooperation is essential for the achievement of concrete results in nature protection. It came into being formally on 5 October 1948 at a conference organized at the initiative of the Swiss League for the Protection of Nature and convened in Fontainebleau by UNESCO and the Government of France. In a sense, however, it is older by far than its 25 years would indicate. A foreword to the Fontainebleau proceedings written by the Union's first President, Charles J. Bernard, who as President of the Swiss League for the Protection of Nature had much to do with the Union's founding, provides both fact and invaluable insight: The delegates assembled at Fontainebleau do not claim to have inaugurated International Nature Protection. The idea has been in being for a long time, and I think I shall not be blamed if I mention here only the name of Paul Sarasin, the great Swiss pioneer. He was able to create in his own country a genuine movement in favour of the protection of natural resources and amenities and was the founder of the Swiss National Park. A farsighted scientist, he soon realized the uselessness of scattered effort, and saw how urgent it was to concentrate this by achieving the international agreement to unify the various existing laws and coordinate the widespread national measures taken to preserve fauna and flora menaced by man's so-called civilization. In 1913 Paul Sarasin managed to establish a diplomatic instrument* signed in Bern by a certain number of States, and later gaining the adherence of more governments. The 1914 war seriously hampered the activities of the Advisory Commission thus created, and the enterprise had no active sequence. * Advisory Commission for the International Protection of Nature. Delegates of 17 nations signed the instrument, and Paul Sarasin was appointed President of the Commission. 17
Immediately after the war, in 1918, an effort was made to reconstitute the Commission, but other and more urgent matters claimed public attention. However, the seed was sown on favourable ground and might be expected to sprout in time. I have only mentioned the name of Paul Sarasin, but if I were to give those of all who afterwards worked for the "idea" a volume would hardly suffice. Groups were formed in all countries of the world; they strove with all their might to defend their ideal, and worked with varying results to rescue nature's still untouched treasures from a meaningless exploitation. All of them felt that it would be impossible to achieve concrete results unless a world coordination of these scattered efforts were ensured. Already in 1928 a first attempt was made in this direction, resulting in the establishment of the International Office for the Protection of Nature which is still operative today at Brussels*. A first Conference was held at Brunnen** (Switzerland) in 1946, and, in accordance with the intentions of its organizers, recommended that the subject should be studied and discussed again very shortly. In 1947, ... at Brunnen, a more important Conference was convened, the delegates being authorized this time, either officially or unofficially, to draft a text of agreement. The proceedings took place in a friendly spirit of collaboration and the Conference decided that an International Union for the Protection of Nature was urgently needed; it also suggested that this new organization, to be created in Paris in 1948, should be under the auspices of UNESCO. A Provisional Union was immediately set up and the Swiss League was appointed to take charge of its administration. This was our situation up to July 1947, and the task, as you may easily imagine, was no easy one. The Provisional Union and * After the First World War, in 1925, P. G. van Tienhoven of Amsterdam was instrumental in founding the Netherlands Committee for International Protection as well as helping to establish a French Committee for the Protection of Colonial Fauna in the same year, and the Belgian Committee for the Protection of Nature a year later. On July 10, 1928, these organizations, together with the International Union of Biological Sciences, founded the International Office for the Protection of Nature at Brussels. This office, which had headquarters alternately in Brussels and Amsterdam, cooperated closely with IUPN and was active until 1956 when its functions were absorbed by the Union. From 1950, the Office was managed by Jean-Paul Harroy, IUCN's first Secretary General, to coordinate the work of the two organizations and to avoid useless repetition and overlapping of functions and powers. ** This Conference was in fact held in Basel. 18
Page 1 and 2: 1973 IUCN YEARBOOK International Un
Page 3 and 4: © 1974 International Union for Con
Page 5 and 6: Conservation of Endangered Species
Page 7 and 8: wild animals and plants in their na
Page 10 and 11: THE ENVIRONMENT IN 1973 Limits to G
Page 12 and 13: first time that they could get alon
Page 14: sion did call for reduced quotas on
Page 17: country is untouched, and as this i
Page 21 and 22: 20 Whereas natural beauty is one of
Page 23 and 24: The Union in action The first Gener
Page 25 and 26: 1950, with the aid of a grant from
Page 27 and 28: since the Union has usually taken o
Page 29 and 30: - without which it is of course imp
Page 31 and 32: guished career in Africa. From 1966
Page 33 and 34: As far as the first projects undert
Page 35 and 36: Mweka on the slopes of Mount Kilima
Page 37 and 38: specialists: Thane Riney on the sci
Page 39 and 40: 38 The most important first step fo
Page 41 and 42: special international meetings at R
Page 43 and 44: operations comes from WWF. World Wi
Page 45 and 46: 44 Two anonymous loans amounting be
Page 47 and 48: The conservation of wildlife and wi
Page 49 and 50: Its activities considerably increas
Page 51 and 52: Executive Board: Secretary General:
Page 53 and 54: Secretary General: Deputy Secretary
Page 55 and 56: Ninth General Assembly - July 1966
Page 58 and 59: REVIEW OF IUCN ACTIVITIES The broad
Page 60 and 61: National and International Environm
Page 62 and 63: Endangered species are subject to p
Page 64 and 65: and export of species. Begun in 197
Page 66 and 67: protection and control. This study
Page 68 and 69:
elevant to development in tropical
Page 70 and 71:
Future of the Alps There is increas
Page 72 and 73:
Conservation of Biotic Communities
Page 74 and 75:
Survey of national parks in norther
Page 76 and 77:
proposed Volcan Baru National Park
Page 78 and 79:
Considerable information on marine
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years, and has sponsored regular me
Page 82 and 83:
among Board members that commercial
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of the existence of the Caribbean m
Page 86 and 87:
Environmental Education and Public
Page 88 and 89:
The proposed teaching manual is now
Page 90:
Foundation, the Virgin Islands Depa
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continued, particularly in relation
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1973 conferences and meetings spons
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5 October 5-9 November 10-29 Novemb
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Membership totals at the end of the
Page 101 and 102:
Appeals of WWF are already members
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gift of 300,000 Swiss Francs to mar
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APPENDIX A IUCN Members as at 31 De
Page 108 and 109:
German Democratic Republic Germany,
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New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan
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United States of America GA GA GA G
Page 114 and 115:
APPENDIX B Honorary Members Honorar
Page 116 and 117:
APPENDIX D Membership of Commission
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Consultants: Representative: Dame S
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Corresponding Members: Representati
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Members: Professor L. Bauer, German
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Reptile/Amphibian Group Co-ordinato
Page 126 and 127:
Dr. Rudolf Hofmann, Peru Ing. Carlo
Page 128 and 129:
APPENDIX G Monthly Bulletin Volume
Page 130 and 131:
APPENDIX H Statement of income and
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