The CAADP Pillar I Framework

quality that can enhance drought tolerance are being practiced in east and southern Africa(Savory, 1999).Livestock production supports food security and the provision of employment, income, food,fuel, farm power and a variety of merchandise goods. The bulk of animal-source foodavailable to households in West Africa is derived from ruminant livestock, which ispredominantly produced by pastoralists. A significant proportion of these pastoralists employ(opportunistic) migratory production strategies. For most African pastoralists, mobility is still akey element of production strategy. Pastoralism as a livelihood activity is practiced in avariety of ways as a response to the dictates of the immediate environment and availableresources. A greater proportion of the total ruminant population of the region is producedunder this system.Policies, agreements, treaties and legal texts relating to pastoralists in West Africa areemerging. In the Sahel countries, in particular, legal texts and pastoral codes were adoptedrecently and applied with varying degrees of success. Such laws – which can be seen inBurkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania and Niger, where it is still under development – are related tothe access, durable and peaceful use of common pastoral resources. Examples ofpastoralists laws include:National legal texts having milked with the practice of the pastoralbreeding, animal health and land rural;Agreements or conventions on transhumance; andMedical zoo agreements or conventions regarding the health of animalsthat cross borders.3.2.3 Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign(PATTEC)The prevalence of trypanosomiasis makes it both difficult and uneconomical to raise productivelivestock breeds because they are highly susceptible to the disease. While mixed farming iscommonly practised in other parts of the world, where tsetse flies are absent, in most of Sub-SaharanAfrica, livestock production is separated from crop production. In addition, avoidance of tsetseinfestedareas causes people and livestock to crowd into the few, often environmentally fragile,tsetse-free areas available.The burden of living with trypanosomiasis among livestock-keepers or small-scale mixed farmers aremultiple and diverse, because of the multiple functions and value of livestock in Africa's rurallivelihood systems. This includes among other the loss of draught power, the inability of liivestock tograze in certain areas and for people to have access to arable land and water in an area coveringclose of 9 millions km².During the Summit the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) held in Togo, in July 2000, the AfricanHeads of State and Government adopted a decision (AHG/Dec. 156 (XXXVI) urging Member Statesto act collectively and embark on a Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign,to eliminate the disease and its vectors from Africa, once and for all. The decision to embark on thePATTEC initiative not only underscored the seriousness and significance, which AfricanGovernments attach to the tsetse and trypanosomiasis problem, but it also defines their readinessand willingness to assume the primary responsibility of implementing the objectives of the decision.The concerted implementation of PATTEC initiative will contribute to the extension of millions ofhectares for sustainable land and water management. Six countries 5Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana,Kenya, Mali and Uganda have been engaged since 2005 through a financial support of the AfDBamounting to USD 70 millions for the creation of tsetse and trypanosomiasis free areas (240 000km²) in East and West Africa in the first phase of the Programme. Further, the AfDB and otherpartners (BADEA, WHO, FIND, AIEA, among others) have committed to support the programme byfunding bankable projects of eligible countries in the coming years.28