The CAADP Pillar I Framework

Issues related to the formulation and implementation of land policies. There have been lowlevels of stakeholder and civil society involvement in policy formulation. Despite popular participationin some countries, the state has generally played the dominant role in driving and shaping land policyformulation. In addition, frequently inputs from stakeholders and civil society to land policydevelopment have been ignored or not fully considered. There is also an inadequate human andinstitutional capacity to design and undertake policy development and subsequent implementation,thus, rendering many policies incapable of being implemented.Issues related to the provision for adequate budgetary allocations: In Africa, there is a failure tomake provision for adequate budgetary allocations to underwrite the cost of land policy developmentand implementation, including capacity gap assessments and medium- to long-term strategies andprogrammes to deal with capacity constraints.Box 7: Key issues/problems to which land policy must respondState sovereignty over landUnequal distribution of land resources – colonial legacyDualism in property systemsLand tenure securityEnhancing productivity issues in agricultureSustainable management of the environmentProtecting the commons, including managing pastoral land useImproving land rights security in urban and peri-urban areasAddressing gender biases in land relationsManaging the impact of HIV/AIDSRestructuring land administration systemsManaging land use in post conflict reconstructionManaging emerging issues regarding land such as global warming and climate change, bio fuels, food securityand environmental change, land for investment and foreign investmentManaging land policy development and implementation processes3.4.2.2 Agriculture Water Management policy issuesThere is now a general consensus concerning need for national strategies to reform AgricultureWater Management (AWM) in Africa. The paper ―Investment in agricultural water for povertyreduction and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa‖ (June 2007) suggested ways in whichincreased investment in agricultural water management could make a sustainable contribution tofurther poverty reduction and growth. 14 This in particular through: «increased investments inagricultural water development and institutional reforms in accordance with the Maputo Declaration ofthe African Ministers of Agriculture, including reforms to macro-economic policies, legal frameworksand organizations for agricultural water». Some guiding principles for setting a framework forinvestments in sustainable AWM in Africa include:Need for national AWM strategies and action plans: that show how investment inagricultural water can best contribute to agricultural productivity growth and povertyreduction. The strategies should also analyze the various investment options, including: Increasing the productivity and profitability of existing irrigation schemes; Expanding or developing new viable large, medium, small, and micro-scale irrigationsystems (including systems based on water harvesting); Testing and dissemination of viable, farmer-financed in-field rainwater managementtechnologies as a low-cost alternative to irrigation; Developing sustainable supply chains for micro-scale irrigation and in-field rainwatermanagement equipment; and Investing in research on agricultural water management, both adaptive research atthe national and regional levels, and basic research at the regional level.14 The strategy was first presented in a workshop that was held in March 2007 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Theworkshop was attended by over 130 experts and managers from 32 African countries and development partners with the aimto promote Agricultural Water Development (AWD) and to revitalize interest in AWD in Sub-Saharan Africa.36