Ecosystem assessment – so as to identify, characterise and map the country‘s ecosystemresources that are currently, and/or potentially could be, used to support sustainable crop,livestock, forestry and eco-tourism enterprises. This will involve determining the constraintsand opportunities related to the biophysical properties and the socio-economiccharacteristics of the major land use systems pursued. Such information will be presented asa land use plan for the country, showing for each area the best combination of crops andland husbandry practices (including soil conservation practices) and will serve as the basisfor identifying: (i) areas where SLWM strategy interventions are required to addressproblems of land degradation and low agricultural productivity and to sustain ecosystemhealth and services; (ii) areas suitable for scaling up specific ‗best bet‘ SLWM technologiesand approaches; and (iii) areas where particular land use enterprises could be pursued on aprofitable and sustainable basis.Policy diagnosis – will involve reviewing the legal, regulatory and policy environment inwhich interventions will be undertaken to identify where there are barriers and bottlenecksthat can be changed in order to create an enabling environment for the mainstreaming andscaling up of SLWM. Each country will require a clear policy direction in SLM and waterstrategies including priorities, goals and targets informed by research and a clear roledistribution among agenciesInstitutional diagnosis – will involve an assessment of the legal mandates, technical dutiesand areas of responsibility of the various national and local level institutions directly, orindirectly, involved in SLWM related activities 37 . This review will also assess the capacity ofthe institutions to provide the necessary support services to the land users (e.g. skilledmanpower, equipment, buildings) as well as documenting the range of related activities eachinstitution undertakes and highlight the possible overlaps/gaps between agencies.Financial diagnosis – will involve a review of the financing modalities and deliverymechanisms in place, including their strength and weaknesses, which could be used tochannel increased funding for SLWM strategies. This will involve documenting the: (i) sourceof such investments (central and/or local government, donor agencies, private sectorcompanies, NGOs, communities and rural households); (ii) type of investment (annualbudget allocation, grants, loans, in-kind); (iii) amount invested; and (iv) actual, as opposed toproposed, expenditure on SLWM.By the end of this step, the various assessments and diagnosis should be synthesised in a shortstrategic note laying out some priority investment areas that will likely have the greatest impact onreversing land degradation. A long list of recommendations of where there is a need and scope forchange to promote SLWM will be compiled. This list will serve as the basis for the next step involvingthe formulation of the CSIF and County Agricultural Water Development Strategy.Step 3a: Formulation of the Country Strategic Investment <strong>Framework</strong>This step involves three sets of component activities:Identification and priority setting – which will involve a consultative process of screeningthe options for change identified in Step 2 and prioritising them according to whether they: (i)are technically sound and financially viable; (ii) fit national and local priorities; (iii) have thenecessary support services in place (or could be relatively easily developed); (iv) have alocal champion; (v) are synergistic with other investments; (vi) represent new developmentopportunities; (vii) offer win-win scenarios (addressing both production and conservationobjectives); and (viii) provide opportunities for rapid mainstreaming and up-scaling. Preparation of a preliminary CSIF outline – providing details of possibleinvestment/actions, including capacity building requirements, to be included in the full CSIF.<strong>The</strong> outline is to consider four broad components: (i) supporting on-the-ground activities(catalytic investments for scaling-up SLWM interventions); (ii) creating a conduciveenvironment for mainstreaming SLWM in development policies and programmes; (iii)37 Specifically those stakeholder institutions identified during Step 1.68
strengthening government and private sector advisory support services for SLWM; and (iv)developing effective SLWM monitoring and knowledge management systems (see Table 5for elements within components).Formulation and costing of the full CSIF – will involve the detailed design and costing ofthe proposed component activities. This to be done in participation with the beneficiaries.This part of Step 3 will also involve assessing and mobilising the required financing as wellas identifying stakeholder partnerships and capacity building needs.69
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Lead TeamBWALYA Martin, NEPAD Secre
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3.2.4 Water and irrigation manageme
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Executive SummaryThe Framework for
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Focus on implementationThe heart of
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performance of the agricultural sec
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financial resources; and (v) provid
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and regional development. By contra
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Box 2: Summary of Land Degradation
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Source: Douglas, 1994Apart from ine
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Map 4: Extent of irrigation develop
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Surface water is overwhelmingly the
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2.4 Crop production, livestock, fis
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