Volume 2 - Issue 4 (Aug-Oct) Download Pdf - IJMD

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Review Articlediagnostic biomarkers can be assessed and resultsobtained in 15 minutes. This application will allowhealthcare providers to rapidly rule in or out diseasesthat need immediate therapy.4. Innovations in Managementof Dental Cariesa. Remineralization of incipient cariesusing peptides:The University of Leeds Dental Institute hasproduced a compound that temporarily fillsincipient caries and promotes remineralization.This new compound, called P 11-4, painlessly fillsthe microscopic cavities and encourages enamel tore-form and hence called ‘magic fluid’.It works by mimicking the protein scaffold aroundwhich tooth enamel naturally assembles itself as ourteeth grow. To create the cavity-repairing treatmentthe researchers have found a way of breaking upthe component parts of the protein scaffold into itscomponent parts – or peptides. The peptides are thenengineered such that they re-assemble themselveswhen they are applied to the tooth. Once appliedto the cavity, the compound forms a gel into whichnew enamel-forming calcium is naturally depositedfrom the saliva in the mouth and fluoride then helpsthe enamel to remineralize. The compound willonly fill the pores associated with incipient cariesand remains ineffective when dental caries has beenformed.b. Replacement therapy:There are many examples of positive and negativeinteractions between different species of bacteriainhabiting the same ecosystem. This observationprovides the basis for a novel approach forpreventing microbial diseases called replacementtherapy. 5 In this approach, a harmless effector strainis permanently implanted in the host's microflora.Once established, the presence of the effector strainprevents the colonization of a particular pathogen.In the case of dental caries, replacement therapyhas involved construction of an effector straincalled BCS3-L1, which was derived from a clinicalStreptococcus mutans isolate. Recombinant DNAtechnology was used to delete the gene encodinglactate dehydrogenase in BCS3-L1 making it entirelydeficient in lactic acid production. This effectorstrain was also designed to produce elevated amountsof a novel peptide antibiotic called mutacin 1140that gives it a strong selective advantage over mostother strains of S. mutans. In laboratory and rodentmodel studies, BCS3-L1 was found to be geneticallystable and to produce no apparent deleterious sideeffects during prolonged colonization. BCS3-L1was significantly less cariogenic than wild-type S.mutans in gnotobiotic rats, and it did not contributeat all to the cariogenic potential of the indigenousflora of conventional Sprague-Dawley rats. And,its strong colonization properties indicated that asingle application of the BCS3-L1 effector strainto human subjects should result in its permanentimplantation and displacement over time ofindigenous, disease-causing S. mutans strains. Thus,BCS3-L1 replacement therapy for the prevention ofdental caries is an example of biofilm engineeringthat offers the potential for a highly efficient, costeffective augmentation of conventional preventionstrategies. It is hoped that the eventual success ofreplacement therapy for the prevention of dentalcaries will stimulate the use of this approach in theprevention of other bacterial diseases.5. Photodynamic TherapyPhotodynamic therapy also known as photoradiationtherapy, phototherapy, or photochemotherapy,involves the use of a photoactive dye (photosensitizer)that is activated by exposure to light of a specificwavelength in the presence of oxygen. The transfer ofenergy from the activated photosensitizer to availableoxygen results in the formation of toxic oxygenspecies, such as singlet oxygen and free radicals.These reactive chemical species can damage proteins,lipids, nucleic acids, and other cellular components.Applications of PDT in dentistry are growingrapidly: the treatment of oral cancer, bacterial andfungal infection therapies, and the photodynamicdiagnosis (PDD) of the malignant transformationof oral lesions. 6 PDT has shown potential in thetreatment of oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus andhead and neck cancer. Photodynamic antimicrobialchemotherapy (PACT) has been efficacious in thetreatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viralinfections. The absence of genotoxic and mutageniceffects of PDT is an important factor for long-termsafety during treatment. PDT also represents anovel therapeutic approach in the management oforal biofilms. Distribution of plaque structure hasimportant consequences for homeostasis within the558Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry, Vol. 2, Issue 4, August-October 2012
Review Articlebiofilm. Studies are now leading toward selectivephotosensitizers, since killing the entire flora leavespatients open to opportunistic infections. Dentistsdeal with oral infections on a regular basis. The oralcavity is especially suitable for PACT, because it isrelatively accessible to illumination.ConclusionImplementation of scientific innovations is importantto advances in both dental science and the dental-caresystem. However, scientific information relevant todentistry is not always effectively and efficientlyutilized. Both academicians and practitioners inthe various dental fields should realize that it is ofstrategic importance that their professional expertiseand new discoveries be conveyed to both their fellowdental colleagues as well as to the layman in orderthat the innovation will be accepted and successfullyimplemented later.References:1. Sonoyama W, Liu Y, Fang D, Yamaza T, Seo B-M, ZhangC, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated FunctionalTooth Regeneration in Swine. Csete M, editor. PLoSONE. 2006 Dec 20;1(1):e79.2. Md J, Raju K, Faizuddin, N N. Nanorobots. Annals andEssences of Dentistry. 2012;4(4):63–5.3. Malathi Suresh SV. Nanorobotics- A futuristic approach.Nano DIgest. 2011;3:34–7.4. Miller CS, Foley JD, Bailey AL, Campell CL, HumphriesRL, Christodoulides N, et al. Current developments insalivary diagnostics. Biomark Med. 2010 Feb;4(1):171–89.5. Hillman JD. Genetically modified Streptococcusmutans for the prevention of dental caries. Antonie VanLeeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;82(1-4):361–6.6. Photodynamic therapy targets oral dysplasia, oralbacteria [Internet]. DrBicuspid.com. [cited 2013 Jan29]. Available from: http://www.drbicuspid.com/ index.aspx? sec = sup & sub = orc & pag = dis & itemid =311625Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry, Vol. 2, Issue 4, August-October 2012 559
Page 1 and 2: From the Editor's DeskFROM THE EDIT
Page 3 and 4: Reliability o f Lo w e r Lip Li n e
Page 5 and 6: DiscussionOriginal ResearchIn curre
Page 7 and 8: Original Research31.23 degrees, for
Page 9 and 10: COMPARISON OF FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE
Page 12 and 13: Original Researchcombination with t
Page 14 and 15: eview articleTo p 5 In n o v a t i
Page 18 and 19: eview articleCo n c e p t o f Short
Page 20 and 21: Review Articleincreased when unilat
Page 22 and 23: Review Articledimensionally accurat
Page 24 and 25: Review Articleassociated with incre
Page 26 and 27: Review Articleunderstanding of the
Page 28 and 29: Review ArticleTreatmentSome of the
Page 30 and 31: Review ArticleFIG. 6CO 2lased speci
Page 32 and 33: Review Articlesite of a different s
Page 34 and 35: Review ArticleReferences :1. Predic
Page 36 and 37: A Case Reportcranium, diminished bi
Page 38 and 39: A Case Reportpreauricular hair disp
Page 40 and 41: A Case ReportThe OPG (Fig.2), PNS a
Page 42 and 43: A Case ReportCLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHS:F
Page 44 and 45: A Case ReportAn e u r y s m a l Bo
Page 46 and 47: A Case ReportThe cause and pathogen
Page 48 and 49: A Case ReportTeeth are one of the v
Page 50: A Case ReportTo o t h Sp l i n t i
Page 53 and 54: A Case ReportPROCEDURESplinting was
Page 55 and 56: A Case Report15. Freilich MA, Karma

Volume 2 - Issue 4 (Aug-Oct) Download Pdf - IJMD

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?