Full-text - Norsk entomologisk forening

No. 11987SER. B VOL. 34NO. 1Norwegian Journal of EntomologyPUBLISHED BYNORSK ZOOWGISK TIDSSKRIFTSENTRALOSW

Fauna norvegica Ser. BNorwegian Journal of EntomologyNorsk Entomologisk Forenings tidsskriftAppears with one volume (two issues) annuallyUtkommer med to hefter pr. ar.Editor-in-Chief. (Ansvarlig redaktorlJohn O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Mu­seum, Erl. Skakkes gt. 47, N-7000 Trondheim.Editorial Committee (Redaksjonskomite)Arne Nilssen, Zooligical Dept.. Troms0 Museum.N-9000 Tromso, Ole A. S

Professor Ole A. Srether 50 yearsFormer editor of Fauna norvegica, ProfessorOle A. Srether, celebrated his 50th birthdayrecently. Since the event of his birthday coincidesmore or less with the 25 years anniversaryofan extraordinarily active career, thesedays are an opportunity to see Srether's contributionsto science in retrospect. For mostof this time Srether has been devoted to thestudy of chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae).The family Chironomidae has a worldwide distribution, comprizing about 6000known species. As a group it demonstrates anunusually wide range ofecological adaptionsand many species are found in environmentswhich may be considered at the limits oflife.The larvae are predominantly aquatic and ofmajor ecological significance in many kindsof water bodies. For this reason, studies ofChironomidae came to play an importantrole in the early development of limnology.Srether was born at Kristiansand on 9thDecember 1936. He obtained his first academicdegree in 1960. From 1961 he wasemployed as a scientific assistant at the Universityof Oslo and continued his studies inthe Department of Limnology. In 1963 heobtained the degree cand.real. with a voluminousdissertation treating the biology andenvironmental factors of the culturally eutrophiedLake 0stensj0vann. Shortly afterwardshe was promoted to University Lecturer,a position which he held until 1969. Atthat time, Srether had already made his firstresearch visit to North America. From 1967he joined the Freshwater Institute of the FisheriesResearch Board in Winnipeg. Canada,initially as a visiting scientist. In 1969 he wasemployed as a Research Scentist to do basicresearch on benthic communities, with particularreference to eutrophication problems.Here, in the Eutrophication Section of theFreshwater Institute, Srether obviously benefitedfrom a fertile scientific environment andbecame highly productive in writing publications.Several great monographs appearedfrom his hans during these years, most ofthem concerned with systematic revisions ofecologically important chironomid taxa. In1977 Srether was Professor by the Universityof Bergen. Since then he has been scientifi(,Head of the Department ofSystematics oftheMuseum of Zoology.Although he may find the environmenthere less nourishing, at least when financialbackup is concerned, Srether has maintaineda high production of scientific papers and hispublication list presently includes more than100 publications amounting to a sum ofabout 2500 printed pages.The bulk of Srether's contributions to entomologyare concerned with descriptive andanalytical systematics. To date he has describedand authored about 220 new taxa, predominantlychironomids, but also species ofwater mites (Hydracarina), phantom midges(Chaoboridae), shore flies (Ephydridae),caddis flies (Trichoptera, and chalcids (hymenoptera).Most of these descriptions arenot isolated, but parts of full revisions ofgenera and generic groups. Consequently thenumber of species described by Srether ismuch higher and his descriptions usually includeimmature stages and both sexes of adultmidges.Srether's generation of chironomid studentsinherited a systematics which was virtuallyconstituted by two poorly integratedtaxonomic systems. One system stemmedfrom entomologists and was based on adultmidges, the other from limnologists based onimmature stages. The results of an intensive,but perhaps less coordinated research on chironomidswas an inconsistent systematicswhich must have been extremely confusingand discouraging to deal with, especially forthose who wanted to take up studies of chironomidsfor the first time. It is on this backgroundthat Srether's merits must be evaluated.In the process of elaborating an integratedsystematics on the Chironomidae he hassubmitted several major contributions, generallyin series of large monographs.Srether early adopted the ideas developedby W. Hennig and phylogenetic systematicsbecame his conceptual framework as well ashis working methodology. The general scopeof phylogenetic systematics is to elaborateclassifications based on monophyletic groupswhich in turn give hypotheses on the actualcourse of cladistic evolution. This seemed tobe the only way to deal with the problemsFauna norv. Se,. B, 34: 1-6. Oslo 1987.

derived from more or less intuitive classifications,in which adult and immature stages oftaxa may appear to show different phyleticaffinities. The method requires a great numberof char.acters to be studied. Consequently,Srether's descriptions include a largearray of character statements and his paperstaken together are an extraordinary loadedseries of data. The value of these data is furtherincreased by their mostly homogenousand consistent presentation.Cladistic analysis means searching forevolutionary trends and interpretation foreach cladogenetic level which characters areprimitive (plesiomorphic) or derived (apomorphic).In one major opus after another Sretherpresented resolved cladograms from largeand complicated data matrices. Ofparticularimportance was his classification of chironomidsubfamilies where, for the first time inchironomid systematics, the information displayedby female adult morphology was usedin classification. Srether had prepared theground himself to make this possible. In astudy of female genitalia, he described andfigured more than 200 species ofchironomidsand other nematocerous Diptera and he outlineda terminology of female genital structures.When he presented this broad comparisonof morphological differentiation of femalegenitalia, two major achievements weremade. First, it revealed good prospects for thepossibility of identifying the previously neglectedchironomid females and nowadays,descriptions of females generally form an integralpart of chironomid species descriptions.Secondly, new sets of characters wereavailable to be used in cladistic analyses. Theimpact of this on chironomid systematics wassignificant, resulting among other things in areevaluation of the relationship between chironomidsubfamilies.Another work ofsignificant impact on chironomidsystematics was Srether's glossary tochironomid morphological terms. This compilationof terminology with recommendedterms and their synonyms has certainly madelife easier for the chironomid systematist andthe paper was an important step towardsstandardization and homogenization of chironomiddescriptions. This particular worktogether with the recently elaborated keys tothe Holarctic genera of chironomids, towhich Srether has made significant contributions,will probably give a greater number ofentomologists and freshwater biologists accessto and guidance through the labyrinthsof chironomid systematics.Although the study of systematics is anautonomous disipline and has become a fulltime committment in itselffor Srether, he hasnot forgotten his basic training as a limnologistand his initial motivation for enteringinto systematics. The «Seetypen Lehre» developedby Thienemann and his followersculminated when Srether in 1979 publishedhis more refined means of characterizingtrophic levels of lakes from the compositionof their chironomid communities. To the extentthat these methods have been used theyhave sometimes proved to be more informativethan physio-chemical analyses in detectingecological changes and sources of pollution.Through his detailed studies of a great varietyof chironomid groups. Srether has reacheda level of overview as well as detailedinsight into manifestations of evolutionarydifferentiation that probably few systematistsshare with him. His experience derivedfrom analyses ofmorphological variation in ahighly complex taxon and his practical applicationof phylogenetic systematics has madehim believe that the interpretation of apomorphiesand plesiomorphies is less straighforwardthan originally anticipated in phylogenetictheory. Accordingly, in several of hismore recent publications he has advocatedthe idea of «underlying synapomorphism», aconcept introduced by L. Brundin as «insideparallelism». He has also defined what heconsiders a necessary distinction between«objective synapomorphies» and «subjectivesynapomorphies». Objective synapomorphiesmore or less correspond to the orthodox definitionof synapomorphies. Underlying synapomorphiesbehave in an analogous mannerto recessive genes and are regarded as apotential capacity to develop a certain character.These ideas are controversial amongadherents ofphylogenetic systematics and byraising them Srether has provoked disputeand theoretical confrontation in internationaljournals.Nevertheless, the issues focusedhere by Srether are undoubtedly of great importancein clarifying the theoretical basis ofany attempts to reconstruct coherent phylogeneticsystems. Srether claims that all kindsofcharacter sets must be taken into account inthe total evaluation of genaeological relationshipsbetween taxa. Although one maydisagree with his conclusions, his way of pre­2

senting and systemising these character sets,including conflicting evidence, is the strenghtof his methodology.Srether has been an active participant inmany international meetings on systematics,phylogenetics and freshwater ecology. Hehas contributed to the arrangement of symposiaand congresses, recently as chairman ofthe organizing committee of IXth InternationalSymposium of Chironomidae held atBergen.Endre WilIassenLIST OF PUBLICATIONSSrether, O. A. 1962. Larval overwintering cocoonsin Endochironomus tendens Fabricius. Hydrobiologia20,377-381.Srether, O. A. 1963. Ostensj6vann. Biologi ogm.iljo faktorer i en grunn, kulturpavirket sj6.(Ostensjo vann. Biology and environmentalfactors in a shallow, eutrophicated lake). Unpublishedgraduation thesis in Limnology atthe University of Oslo, 448 typewritten pp.Srether, O. A. 1965. Limnologi, Pp. 9-7.2 in:Brun, E., O ...A. Ho eg & O. A. Srether: Ostensj6vannet.Ostlandske natvfor. smask. 7, 1­111.Srether, O. A. 1966. Hydrachnellae from NorthBoulder Creek, Colorado, with descriptions ofSperchon glandulosus coloradensis n. subsp.and Lebertia (Pseudolebertia) atelodon n. sp.Arch. Hydrobiol. 61, 500-514.Srether, O. A. 1966. Copidosoma (Litomastix)naevia n. sp. A new Encyrtinae from Colorado(Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera). Ent. News 77,103-110.Srether, O. A. 1966. A description of a new subspeciesof Diplocladius cultriger Kieff. (imagoand pupa) and a new pupa of the Eukiefferiellabrevicalcar type (Diptera, Chironomidae).Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 14. 176-182.Srether, O. A. 1967. Notes on the bottom fauna oftwo small lakes in Northern Norway. Nyu Mag.Zool. 14, 96-124.Srether, O. A. 1967. Notes on some nearctic chironomidlarvae. Ent. News 78, 197-208.Srether, O. A. 1967. Descriptions ofLasiodiamesabipectinata spec. novo and Parochlus kiefferi(Garrett) Brundin. (Diptera:Srether, O. A. 1967. Variation within immaturestages of Chaoborus flavicans (Meig.) (syn.Chaoborus alpinus Peus syn. nov.). Int. rev.ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 52, 573-587.Srether, O. A. 1968. Ferskvannsinsekter og arachnider,in: Sportsfiskerens leksikon. GyldendalNorsk Forlag, Oslo.Srether, O. A. 1968. Chironomids of the Finsearea, Norway, with special reference to theirdistribution in a glacier brook. Arch. Hydrobioi.64, 426-483.Hamilton, A. L., O. A. Srether and D. R. Oliver.1969. A classification of the nearctic Chironomidae.Tech. Rep. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 124,1-42.Srether, O. A. 1969. Some Nearctic Podonominae,Diamesinae, and Orthocladiinae (Diptera:Chironomidae). Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada170, 1-154.Srether, O. A. 1970. Nearctic and PalaearcticChaoborus (Diptera: Chaoboridae). Bull. Fish.Res. Bd. Canada 174, 1-57.Srether, O. A. 1970. A survey of the bottom faunain lakes of the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia.Techn. Rep. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada196. 1-41.Elgmork, K. and O. A. Srether. 1970. Distributionof invertebrates in a high mountain brook inthe Colorado Rocky Mountains. Univ. ColoradoStud. Ser. Bioi. 31, 1-55.Srether, O. A. 1970. Chironomids and other invertebratesfrom North Boulder Creek, Colorado.Univ. Colorado Stud. Ser. Bioi. 31, 56-114.Srether, O. A. 1971. Nomenclature and phylogenyof the genus Harnischia Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae).Can. Ent. 103, 347-362.Hamilton, A. L. and O. A. Srether, 1971. Theoccurrence of characteristic deformities in thechironomid larvae of several Canadian lakes.Can. Ent. 103,363-368.Srether, O. A. 1971. Phytoplankton and zooplanktonof som lakes in northeastern Norway.Schweiz. z. Hydrol. 33; 200-220.Srether, O. A. 1971. Notes on general morphologyand terminology of the Chironomidae (Diptera).Can. Ent. 103, 1237-1260.Srether, O. A. 1971. Four new and unusual Chironomidae(Diptera). Can. Ent. 103, 1799­1827.Srether, O. A. 1972. VI. Chaoboridae. In: DasZooplnakton der Binnengeiisser 26,257-280.Srether, O. A. and M. P. McLean. 1972. A surveyof the bottom fauna in Wood, Kalamalka andSkaha Lakes in the Okanagan Valley, BritishColumbia. Techn. Rep. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada342,1-20.Srether, O. A. 1973. Four species ofBryophaenocladiusThien. with notes on other Orthocladiinae(Diptera: Chironomidae). Can. Ent. 105,51-60.Srether, O. A. 1973. Taxonomy and ecology ofthree new species of Monodiamesa Kieffer,with keys to Nearctic and Palaearctic species ofthe genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Fish.Res. Bd. Canada 30, 665-679.Srether, O. A. 1974. Morphology and terminologyoffemale genitalia in Chironomidae (Diptera).Ent. Tidskr. 95 Suppl., 216-223.Srether, O. A. 1975. Two new species ofHeterotanytarsusSparck, with keys to Nearctic and Palaercticmales and pupae of the genus (Diptera:3

Chironomidae). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 32,259-270.Srether, O. A. 1975. Two new, Nearctic species ofProtanypus Kieffer with keys to Nearctic andPalaerctic species of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae).J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 32,367-388.Srether, O. A. 1975. Nearctic and Palaearctic Heterotrissocladius(Diptera: Chironomidae).Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 193, 1-67.Srether, O. A. 1975. Twelve new species of LimnophyesEat()n, with keys to Nearctic males ofthe genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Can. Ent.107, 1029-1056.Srether, O. A. 1975. Nearctic chironomids as indicatorsof lake typology. Verh. internat. Verein.Limnol. 19,3127-3133.Srether, O. A. 1976. Two species of ChaoborusLicht. from Venezuela (Dipterl'.: Chaoboridae).Acta Bioi. Venezuelica. 9, 195-212.Srether, O. A. 1976. Revision of HydrobaenusFries, Trissocladius Kieffer, Zalutschia Lipina,Paratrissocladius Zavrel and some related genera(Diptera: Chironomidae). Bull. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada 195, 1-287.Srether, O. A. 1977. Taxonomic studies on Chironomidae:Nanocladius, Pseudochironomus,and the Harnischia complex. Bull. Fish. Res.Bd. Can. 196, 1-143.Srether, O. A. 1977. Female genitalia in Chironomidaeand other Nematocera: morphologyphylogenies, keys. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can.197,1-211.Rosenberg, D. M.., A. P. Wiens and O. A. Srether.1977. Life histories of Chricotopus (Cricotopus)bicinctus (Meigen) and Cricotopus (Cricotopusmackenziensis Oliver (Diptera: Chironomidae)in the Ft. Simpson area, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34,247-253.Rosenberg, D. M., A. P. Wiens and O. A. Srether,1977. Response to crude oil contamination byCricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus (Meigen)and Cricotopus (Cricotopus) mackenziensisOliver (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Ft.Simpson area, Northwest Territories, Canada.J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34, 254-261.Srether, O. A. 1977. Habrobaenus hudsoni n. gen.n. sp., and the immatures ofBaeoctenus bicolorSrether (Diptera: Chironomidae) J. Fish. Res.Bd. Can. 34, 2354-2361.Brundin, L. and O. A. Srether. 1978. Buchonomyiaburmanica n. sp. and Buchonomyiinae, a newsubfamily among the Chironomidae (Diptera).Zool. Scr. 7, 269-275.Srether, O. A. 1978. Fylogenetisk og taksonomiskverdi av hungenitalia innen chironomider ogandre Nematocera. Norw. J. Ent. 25, 85-86.Srether, O. A. (ed.) 1979. Recent developments inchironomid studies (Diptera: Chironomidae).A tribute to Professor Lars Brundin~ Stockholm4from his many friends and colleagues. Ent.scand. Suppl. 10, 150 pp.Srether, O. A. 1979. Workshop on Chironomidae­Introduction. 26th annual meeting of the NorthAmerican Benthological Society, Winnipeg,Man., May 10, 1978. Ent. scand. Suppl. 10,15-16.Srether, O. A. 1979. Hierarchy of the Chironomidaewith special emphasis on the female genitalia(Diptera). Ent. scand. Suppl. 10, 17-26.Srether, O. A. 1979. Paracladopelma doris(Town.) (Syn. «Cryptochironomus» near rollei(Sa?ther 1977 n. syn. and Paracladopelma rollei(Kirpichenko) n. comb. (Diptera: Chironomidae).Ent. scand. Suppl. 10, 117-118.Srether, O. A. 1979. Chironomid communities aswater quality indicators. Holarctic Ecology 2,65-74.Srether, O. A. 1979. A letter from the Editor.Fauna non>. B. 26, I.Srether, O. A. 1979. Underlying synapomorphiesand anagenetic analysis. Zool. Sa. 8, 305­312.Srether, O. A. 1979. Underliggende synapomorfiog enest~ende innvendig parallellisme belystved eksempler fra Chironomidae og Chaoboridae(Diptera) (Norwegian with English sumary).Ent. Tidskr. 100, 173-180.Srether, O. A. 1979. New name for Beckiel/a Srether1977 (Chironomidae: Diptera) nec Beckiel/a.Grandjean 1964 (Oribatei: Acari). Ent.scand. 10,315.Srether, O. A. 1980. Three female chironomid genitalia(Diptera), pp. 115-121 in: Murray, D.a. (ed.) Chironomidae. Ecology, Systematics,Cytology and Physiology. Proc. VII. int. chir.symp. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Srether, O. A. 1980. A glossary of chironomidmorphology terminology (Chironimidae: Diptera).Ent. scand. Suppl. 15, 1-51.Srether, O. A. 1980. The influence of eutrophicationon deep lakes benthic invertebrate communities.Prog. Wat. Tech. 12 (2), 161-180.Srether, O. A. 1980. The females and immatures ofParacriotopus Thienemann and Harnisch,1932, with the description of a new species(Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 2,129-145.Srether, O. A. 1980. New name for Oliveria Srether,1976 (Diptera: Chironomidae) nec OliveriaSutherland, 1965 ( Cnidaria: Anthozoa),with a first record for the European continent.Ent. scand. 11, 399-400.Srether, O. A. 1980. The female and immatures ofTrissocladius brevipalpis Kieffer, 1908 (Chironomidae:Diptera). Ent. scand. 11, 467­472.Srether, O. A. and T. D. Galloway, 1980. Sexualanomalies in Chironomini (Chironomidae:Diptera) from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba.With observations on mermithid (Nematoda)parasites. Acta Univ. Carolinae 1978, 193­211.

Raddum, G. & O. A. Sa:ther 1981. Chironomidcommunities in Norwegian lakes with differentdegree of acidification. Verh. internat. Verein.Limnol. 21, 399-405.Sa:ther, O. A. & G. A. Halvorsen, 1981. Diagnosesof Tvetenia Kieff. emend., Dratnalia n. gen.,and Eukiefferiella Thien. emend., with a phy­10geny of the Cardioc/adius group (Diptera:Chironomidae). Ent. scand. Suppl. 15, 269­285.Sa:ther, O. A. 1981. Donericotopus bicaudatus n.gen., n. sp., (Diptera: Chironomidae) from theNorthwest Territories, Canada. Ent. scand. 12,223-229.Sa:ther, O. A. 1981. Compteromesa oconeensisgen. n., sp. n., a new Prodiamesinae (Chironomidae:Diptera) from South Carolina, AquaticInsects 3, 193-198.Sa:ther, O. A. 1981. Orthocladiinae (Diptera:Chironomidae) from the British West Indies,with descriptions of Antilloc/adius n. gen., Lipurometriocnemusn. gen., Compterosmittia n.gen., and Diplosmittia n. gen. Ent. scand.Suppl. 16, 1-46.Cranston, P. S. & O. A. Sa:ther, 1982. A redefinitionof Acamptoc/adius Brundin (Syn. PhycoidellaSa:th. n. syn.) (Diptera: Chironomidae)with the description of a new species. Ent.scand. 13, 25-32.Halvorse~~ G. A., E. WilIiassen & O. A. Sa:ther,1982..fhironomidae (Dipt.) from Ekse, WesternNorway. Fauna norv. ser. B. 29, 115­121.Sa:ther, O. A., 1982. Orthocladiinae (Diptera:Chironomidae) from SE U.S.A., with descriptionsof Plhudsonia, Unniella, Platysmittia n.genera and Atelopodella n. subden. Ent. scand.13.465-510.Sa:ther, O. A. & J. E. Sublette, 1983. A review ofthe genera Doithrix n. gen., Georthoc/adiusStrenzke Parachaetoc/adius Wiilker, andPseudorthoc/adius Goethebuer (Diptera: Chironomidae,Orthocladiinae). Ent. scand. Suppl.20, I-lOO.Sa:ther, O. A. 1983. Three new species ofLopescladiusOliveira, 1967 (syn. «Cordites» Brundin,1966, n. syn.) with a phylogeny of theParakiefferiella group. Mem. Am. ent. Soc. 34,279-298.Sa:ther, O. A. 1983. McAlpine et. al. (eds.): Manualof Nearctic Diptera. - Book review. Ent.gen. 9, 120.Sa:ther, O. A. 1983. Oschia dorsenna n. gen. n. sp.and Saetheria hirta n. sp., two new members ofthe Harnischia complex (Diptera: Chironomidae).Ent. scand. 14, 395-404.Sa:ther, O. A., 1983. The canalized evolutionarypotential -inconsistencies in phylogeneticreasoning. Syst. Zoo I. 32, 343-359.Sa:ther, O. A., 1983. A review of Holarctic GymnometriocnemusGoethebuer, 1932, with thedescription of Raphidoc/adius subgen. n. andSublettiella gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae).Aquatic Insects 5, 209-226.Sa:ther, O. A., 1983.6. The larvae of Buchonomyiinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarcticregion. In: T. Wiederholm, T. (ed.):Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Part I.Larvae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 19, 113.Sa:ther, O. A., 1983.8. The larvae of Prodiamesinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarcticregion - Keys and diagnoses. In: T. Wiederholm(ed.): Chironomidae of the Holarctic region.Part I. Larvae. Ent. Scand. Suppl. 19,141-147.Cranston, P. S., Oliver, D. R. & Sa:ther, O. A.1983.9. The larvae of Orthcladiinae (Diptera:Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keysand diagnoses. In: T. Wiederholm (ed.): Chironomidaeof the Holarctic region. Part I. Larvae.Ent. scand. Suppl. 19, 149-291.Sa:ther, O. A. 1984. The immatures of Antilloc/adiusSa:ther 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae).Aquatic Insects 6, 1-6.Sa:ther, O. A. 1984. Taksonomisk presisjon - enn0dvendig integrert del av benthos-0kologiskestudier.- Limnos 2, 1-14. ./Sa:ther, O. A., J. E. Sublette & E. Willassen, 1984.Chironomidae (rnptera) from the 2nd FramExpedition (1898-1902) to Arctic NorthAmerica described by J. J. Kieffer. Ent. scand.15, 249-275.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. Male and female imagines ofPlatysmittia bily}i n. sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae)from Manitoba, Canada. Ent. scand. 15,527-531.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. Heleniella parva sp. n. (Diptera:Chironomidae) from South Carolina andTennessee, U.S.A. Ent. scand. 15. 532-535.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. Apometricnemus fontinalisgen.n., sp.n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) fromTennessee, U.S.)I\. Ent. scand. 15, 536-539.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. Limnophyes ersp.n. (Diptera:Chironomidae) from Finland, with new Nearcticrecords ofpreviously described species. Ent.scand. 15,540-544.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. Redefinition and review ofThienemannia Kieffer, 1909 (Diptera: Chironomidae),with the description of T. pilinuchasp.n. Aquatic Insects 7, 141-148.Sa:ther, O. A. & Willassen, E. 1985. The firstrecord of Protanypus pseudomorio Makarchenko(Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Nearctic,with a description of the female and akey to males of the genus. Aquatic Insects 7,141-148.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. The female of Compteromesaoconeensis Sa:ther, 1981, and Prodiamesa olivacea(Meigen, 1818) (syn. Trichodiamesa autumnalisGoethgebuer, 1926, n.syn.) (Diptera,Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae). SpixianaSuppl. ll, 7-13.Sa:ther, O. A. 1985. A review of Odontomesa Pagast,1947 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae).Spixiana Suppl. 11; 15-29.5

Slether, O. A. 1985. Trichochilus, a new genus ofOrthoc1adiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). SpixianaSuppl. 11,31-36.Slether, O. A. 1985. The imagines of MesosmittiaBrundin, 1956, with the description of sevennew species (Diptera, Chironomidae). SpixianaSuppl. 11,37-54.Slether, O. A. 1985. Diplosmittia carinata spec.novo from Michigan (Diptera, Chironomidae).Spixiana Suppl. 11, SS-57.Slether, O. A. 1985. A review of the genus RheocricotopusThienemann & Harnisch, 1932, withthe description of three new species (Diptera,Chironomidae). Spixiana Suppl. 11, 59-108.Slether, O. A. 1986. Fjlermygg. Arb. Bergenjegerfiskerfor. 1984-85, 37-43.Cranston, P. S. & Slether, O. A. 1986. Rheosmittia(Diptera: Chironomidae): a generic validationand revision of the western Pa1aearctic species.J. nat. Hist. 20, 31-51.Slether, O. A. 1986. The myth of objectivity ­post-Hennigian deviations. Cladistics 2, 1­13.Slether, O. A. 1986. The pupae of Buchonomyiinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Ho1arcticregion - Keys and diagnoses. In: T. Wiederholm(ed.): Chironomidae of the Ho1arctic region.Part 2. Pupae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 27,Slether, O. A. 1986. The pupae of Prodiamesinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Ho1arctic region- Keys and diagnoses. In: T. Wiederho1m(ed.): Chironomidae of the Ho1arctic region.Part 2. Pupae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 27,Coffman, W. P., Cranstong, P. S., Oliver, D. R., &Slether, O. A. 1986. The Pupae of Orthoc1adiinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Ho1arcticregion - Keys and diagnoses. In: T. Wiederholm(ed.): Chironomidae of the Ho1arctic region.Part 2. Pupae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 27.Slether, O. A. 1986. Fy1ogenetikk. Naturen1986(3).Slether, O. A. 1986. Gir neodarwinismen en tilfredsstillendefork1aring pA evo1usjonen? Naturen1986 (4).Slether, O. A. 1986. Nye ideer innen evo1usjonsteori.Naturen 1986 (5):Ferrington, L. C. jr. & Slether, O. A. in press.Male, female and pupa of Oliveridia hugginsin. sp. (Chironomidae: Diptera) from Kansas. J.Kansas ent. Soc.Slether, O. A. & Willassen, E., in press. Four newspecies of Diamesa Meigen, 1835 (Diptera:Chironomidae) from the glaciers of Nepal. Ent.scand. Suppl.Ha1vorsen, G. A. & Slether, O. A. in press. Redefinitionand revision of the genus TokunagaiaSlether, 1973 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ent.scand. Suppl.Slether, O. A., Willassen, E. & Ha1vorsen, G. A.,in press. The IXth international symposium onChironomidae, Bergen, Norway, 1985. Ent.scand. Suppl.Slether, O. A. in press. The adult males of Buchonomyiinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Ho­1arctic region - Diagnoses. In: T. Wiederho1m(ed.): Chironomidae of the Ho1arctic region.Part 3. Male imagines. Ent. scand. Suppl.Slether, O. A. in press. The adult males of Prodiamesinae(Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Ho­1arctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: T.Wiederho1m (ed.): Chironomidae of the Ho­1arctic region. Part 3. Male imagines. Ent.scand. Suppl.Cranston, P. S., 01iver, D. R. & Slether, O. A. inpress. The adult males of Orthoc1adiinae (Diptera:Chironomidae) of the Ho1arctic region-Keys and diagnoses. In: T. Wiederho1m(ed.): Chironomidae of the Ho1arctic region.Part 3. Male imagines. Ent. scand. Suppl.6

Contribution to the knowledge of the NorwegianLepidoptera 11LEIF AARVIKAarvik, L. 1987. Contribution to the knowledge of the Norwegian Lepidoptera 11.Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34, 7-13.Teleiodes sequax (Haworth, 1828) and Pyrausta ostrinalis (Hiibner, 1796) are deletedfrom the Norwegian list. Further information on Rhyacionia logaea Durrant, 1911 andAcerbia alpina (Quensel, 1802) in Norway are given. The following species arereported new to Norway; Tinea bothniella Svensson, 1953, Elachista triatomea (Haworth,1828), Amphisbatis incongruella (Stainton, 1849), Agonopterix astrantiae(Heinemann, 1870), Pexicopia malvella (Hiibner, 1805) Psoricoptera speciosellaTeich, 1892, Leioptilus lienigianus (ZelIer, 1852), Schoenobius gigantella (Denis &SchiffermiilIer, 1775) and Mesapamea secalella Remm, 1983.Leif Aarvik, Nyborgveien 19 A, N-1430 As, Norway.INTRODUCTIONExamination of Lepidoptera material in museumsand private collections has shown thatTeleiodes sequax (Hw.) and Pyrausta ostrinalis(Hb.) should be deleted from the Norwegianlist. The distributions in Norway ofthree pairs of sibling species, viz. Psoricopteragibbosella (Zell.), P. speciosella Teichand Rhyacionia duplana (Hb.), R. logaeaDUff. and Mesapamea secalis (L.), M. secalellaRemm are discussed. In addition sevenspecies are reported new to Norway and detailsof the Norwegian record of Acerbia alpina(Quens.) are given. Latin names onplants are according to Lid (1974). The EISgridnumbers are mentioned only after thefirst locality when there are records frommore than one locality in a square.Species deleted from the Norwegian listGelechiidae: Teleiodes sequax (Haworth,1828)This species was recorded new to Norway byGf0nlien (1937) from AAY, Ris0r; but nomaterial exists among Gr0nlien's Lepidopteraat the Zoological Museums in Oslo andBergen. Mehl (1973) recorded sequax fromMRI, Kvanne, but Opheim (1979a) statedthat this specimen was misidentified and belongedto Teleiopsis diffinis Haworth. T. sequaxfigures as Norwegian in the lists by Krogeruset al. (1971) and Opheim (1978). TheFauna norv. SeT. B, 34: 7-13. Oslo 1987.food-plant of sequax is Helianthemum whichdoes not grow in Norway. As no material ofsequax is present in Norwegian collections,and it is very unlikely to occur here, it shouldbe deleted from the Norwegian list.Pyralidae: Pyrausta ostrinalis(Hubner, 1796)The name ostrinalis has been used in theNorwegian literature for a long time either asa form of Pyrausta purpuralis (Linnaeus,1758) e.g. Sch0yen (1893), Haanshus (1933)or as a distinct species (Krogerus et al. 1971,Opheim 1975).Examination of specimens present underthe ostrinalislabel at the Zoological Museumin Oslo, showed that they all belonged topurpuralis. Similarly no ostrinalis specimenscould be found at the Zoological Museum inBergen (A. Fjeldsa pers. comm.) or in anyprivate collection. Consequently ostrinalisshould be deleted from the Norwegian list.Species new to NorwayUnder this heading eight species new to Norwayand two species which have been recordedpreviously, but without precise data, aretreated.Tineidae: Tinea bothniella Svensson, 1953Recently Mr. Reidar Mehl showed me thegenitalia of a male Tinea species which in7

1984 had attacked old woolen garment in amuseum at HEN, Tynset: Tynset (EIS 80).The garment was kept in a house which wasnot heated. The genitalia belonged to Tineabothniella Svensson which is new to Norway.T. bothniella is distributed in Sweden (Viisterbotten,Norrbotten, Lule Lappmark)(Gustafsson 1980), Finland (from Turku inthe south to Ostrobottnia borealis in thenorth), USSR eastward to S. Siberia andMongolia (Kyrki 1978, Robinson 1979).Previously raptor pellets is the only foodstuffreported for this species (Robinson1979).Wings and genitalia ofbothniella and relatedspecies are figured by Robinson (1979).Elachistidae: Elachista triatomea (Haworth,1828)AK, Brerum: Ost0ya (EIS 28) 5 15 June1985 L. Aarvik leg. The specimen was nettedin the evening.E. triatomea is distributed in N. and C.Europe. fii Sweden it has been found northwardsto Dalarne and Uppland, in Finland itis known from the Aland islands (Traugott­Olsen & Nielsen 1977).Figures of wings and genitalia and informationon the biology are given by Traugott­Olsen & Nielsen (1977).Oecophoridae: Amphisbatis incongruella(Stainton, 1849)0, Hvaler 5 E. Strand leg. The specimen wasdiscovered by Ole Karsholt in material ofElachistidae on loan from the ZoologicalMuseum in Bergen. The specimen was onlylabelled «HvaI0erne, Strand». It must havebeen collected in spring 1900 or 1902(Strand, 1901, 1904).In Sweden A. incongruella has been collectednorth to Sodermanland (Gustafsson1980), in Denmark it is widely distributed inJutland, and there is one locality in NorthEast Zealand (Palm 1978). Otherwise in C.Europe including Britain, and Spain (Jacobs1978).The habitat is moors where the larva whichlives in a case feeds on various herbs, especiallyheather (Jacobs 1978, Palm 1978). Thespecies' wings are figured by Jacobs (1978)and Palm (1978). Palm (1978) also figuresthe genitalia.Agonopterix astrantiae (Heinemann, 1870)MRY, Molde: Sekken (EIS 77) 5 Aug. 1980.T. Andersen leg., O. Karsholt det. The specimenwas found by O. Karsholt in light trapmaterial.In Sweden this species has been collectedfrom SkAne to Uppland (Gustafsson 1980), inFinland on the Aland islands only (Kyrki1978). Otherwise in Denmark and C. Europeincluding England (Palm 1973, Jacobs 1978).The food-plants of the larva are Astrantiamajor or Sanicula europaea (Palm 1973, Jacobs1978). Judging from the distribution(Lid 1974), the latter is probably the foodplantin Norway.Wings and genitalia are figured by Palm( 1973).Gelechiidae: Pexicopia malvella(Hiibner, 1805)AK, As: As (EIS 28) ~ 18 July 1985 L. Aarvikleg. The specimen was captured in a lighttrap.P. malvella is distributed from SkAne toGiistrikland and Dalarne in Sweden (Gustafsson1980). It is widespread in S. Finland(Kyrki 1978). In Denmark it is now spreadingand is known from four SE districts (0.Karsholt in litt.). Otherwise in S. and C. Europeincluding Britain (Sattler 1960).The larva feeds on the seeds of variousMalvaceae (Emmet 1979). The genitalia arefigured by Sattler (1960).Psoricoptera speciosella Teich, 1892AK, Asker: Br0nn0ya (EIS 28) ~ 26 May1980 e.l. on Salix T. Edland leg.; Heggedal255 5 Aug. 1978,4 Aug. 1979 K. Berggrenleg.; AK, Brerum: Ost0ya 3 55 14 July-3Sept. 1983 L. Aarvik leg.; AK, Nesodden:Fagerstrand ~ 25. Sept. 1982 S. Kobro leg.;AK, As: As 3 55, 2 ~~ 12-17 Aug. 1982,18 Aug. 1983, 13-29 Aug. 1984 L. Aarvikleg.; B0, Drammen, Assiden ~ 11 Sept. 1983L.O. Hansen leg.; AAY, Grimstad: Eide (EIS6) 5, ~ 24 Aug. 1984; VAY, Kristiansand:Kuholmen (EIS 2) 53 Aug. 1975, Stangenes555 11 Aug. 1978, 11 Aug. 1979 K. Berggrenleg. All specimens except the one fromBr0nn0ya were captured at light. This specieshas a very restricted distribution. In Swedenit was recently recorded in Giistrikland(Svensson 1982). In Finland it has beenfound in five southern districts (Kyrki 1978).The only known locality outside Fennoscan­8

dia is the type locality, Livonia, in the Balticpart of the USSR (Teich 1892).P. speciosella differs from the related P.gibbosella (Zeller, 1839) by the absence ofreddish colour in the forewing. The differencesbetween the two species in the male genitaliapointed out by Svensson (1982) do nothold. There are too much variation in bothspecies. O. Karsholt has informed me that hecould not find any difference between gibbosellaand speciose/la in the female genitalia.Thus the taxonomic status of speciose/laneeds further study.The record ofgibbosella by Opheim (1978,1979 b) represent speciosella (K. Berggrenpers. comm.). Still gibbose/la is also a memberof the Norwegian fauna. I have seen thefollowing Norwegian specimens: 0, Rygge:Sildebauen (EIS 19) 5 23 July 1980 L. Aarvikleg.; AAY, Grimstad: Groos (EIS 6) 530Aug. 1982 C.F. Uihr leg.; VAY, Kristiansand:Stangenes (EIS 2) 5 12 Aug. 1978 L.Aarvik leg.Both species occur sympatrically in somelocalities in S. Norway.The food-plant of speciosella is Salix. Thefood-plant of gibbose/la is Quercus, exceptionallySalix (Benander 1928, O. Karsholtpers. comm.).Tortricidae: Rhyacionia logaea Durrant,19110, Fredrikstad: Fredrikstad (EIS 20) 5 (nodate) E. Strand leg.; AK, Brerum: Sandvika(EIS 28) 5 April 1922 E. Barca leg.; AK, As:Nesset 5 10 May 1985 L. Aarvik leg.; HES,Elverum: L0kting (EIS 55) 6 559 May 1981L. Aarvik leg.; B0, Hurum: R0dtangen (EIS28) 9 55 16-17 April 1982 L.O. Hansenleg.; B0, Kongsberg: Mildigkeit (EIS 27) 3559 May 1979 S. Bakke leg.; YE, N0tter0Y:Herstad (EIS 19) 5 6 April 1984 A. FjeldsAleg.; AAY, Trom0Y: Bjelland (EIS 6) 4 5515-17 April 1976 S. Bakke leg.; AAY, Tvedestrand:Laget (EIS 11) 5 20 April 1922 N.Knaben leg.; VAY, Kristiansand: Kuholmen(EIS 2) 5 30 April 1980 K. Berggren leg.;HOY, Os: Gassandvann (EIS 31) 59 April1967 A. Fjeldsa leg. Owing to difficultieswith identification, females are excludedfrom the list. According to Benander (1946)there is a specimen of logaea from Dovrepresent at the Zoological museum in Lund.The specimen was probably collected by Bohemanwho visited Dovre and the adjacentGudbrandsdalen. Until recently R. logaeahas been treated as a form of R. duplana(Hubner, 1813) by most authors. Obraztsov(1964) found no difference between duplanaand logaea in the genitalia and treated logaeaas a subspecies of duplana. However, there isa constant difference in the male antennae:The cilia in logaea are twice as long as in1uplana. There are also small differences inthe forewing markings of the males. The femalesare very difficult to separate. The maleantennae and forewings ofthe two species arefigured by Buhl et al. (1983). Winter (1981)found differences in the larvae of the twospecies. In many areas in Scandinavia duplanaand logaea occur sympatrically, andthis also speaks for the distinctness ofthe two;pecies.In Sweden R. logaea is distributed north tovasterbotten and duplana to Lycksele Lapmark(Gustafsson 1980). Both species occurin Finland (Krogerus et al. 1971). In Denmarkduplana occurs in most districts, whereaslogaea has only been collected in a smallarea in N. Zealand (Buhl et al. 1983). Otherwiselogaea occurs in France and Scotland(Obraztsov 1964).In Norway duplana is less common thanlogaea, but the following specimens havebeen collected: AK, Oslo: Fjeldstuen (EIS28) 5 10 April 1854 L.M. Esmark leg.; AK,As: As 5 19 April 1983 L. Aarvik leg.; HES,Elverum: Damtjern (EIS 55) 5 10 May 1981L. Aarvik leg.; VAY, Kristiansand: Augland(EIS 2) 5 May 1984 K. Berggren leg.; Stangenes53 May 1980 S. Svendsen leg.; VAY,Mandal: Holum 5 15 May 1985 K.A. Johansonleg.; VAY, Marnardal: Bjelland (EIS 5) 518 May 1980 K. Berggren leg. The femalesare not included owing to difficulties withidentification.R. duplana is distributed from N. .and C.Europe (excluding Britain) through the USSRto Japan (Bradley et al. 1979). The larva ofboth species feed in the buds and shoots ofvarious Pinus species.Pterophoridae: Leioptilus lienigianus(Zeller, 1852)0, Rygge: Sildebauen (EIS 19) 5 23 July1985 L. Aarvik leg. The specimen was capturedin a light trap.In Swed.~m this species has been collectedin SkAne, Oland and Gotland only (Gustafsson1980). Otherwise in S. Finland (Kyrki9

Fig. 3. The distribution ofMesapamea secalis (L.)and M. secalella Remm in Norway. Dots denoterecords of secalis, circles denote records of secalellaand half-filled circles denote records of bothspecies.YE, Sem: Narver0d (EIS 19) ~ 4 Aug. 1970,524 Aug. 1971,5 8 Aug. 1974 C.F. Liihrleg.; VE, T0nsberg: T0nsberg ~ 29 July 1966K. Berggren leg.; TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane(EIS 11) 2 55 10 July-11 Aug. 1983 G.Ellefsen leg.; TEY, Porsgrunn: Asstranda(EIS 18) 4 55 10 July-16 Aug. 1983 G.Ellefsen leg.; TEI, Notodden: Notodden (EIS27) 5, ~ 10 Aug. 1969 F. Smedstad leg.;AAY, Grimstad: Groos (EIS 6) 5 12 Aug.1974 C.F. Liihr leg.; AAY, Trom0Y: Bjelland53 Aug. 1983 A. Bakke leg.; AAY, 0yestad:0yestad 5 22 July 1968 S. Bakke leg.; VAY,Kristiansand: Augland (EIS 2) 5, ~ 31 July1985 K. Berggren leg.; RY, Randaberg:Sande (EIS 7) 5 I Aug. 1948 F. Jensen leg.;RY, Stavanger: Rosenli 5 22 Sept. 1926 F.Jensen leg.; RY, Karm0Y: Vikingstad (EIS13) 5 19 July 1980 M.-H. Velde leg.; HaY,Fjell: Eidesvag (EIS 30) 2 55 6-11 Aug. T.Andersen leg.; HaY, Os: Lii (EIS 31) 5 6­12 Aug. 1976 T. Andersen leg.; HaY, Bergen:Ervik (EIS 39) 5 17 Aug. 1976 T. Andersenleg.Remm (1983) demonstrated the existenceof a previously unrecognized species whichhad been confused with the common Mesapameasecalis (Linnaeus, 1758). He namedthe new species Mesapamea seca/el/a.Remm's material was from the USSR: Estonia.Subsequent research by lepidopterists invarious countries showed that seca/ella has awide distribution in Europe. It has so far beenreported from Sweden, Finland, Denmark,USSR, England, Scotland, Ireland, W. Germany,Netherlands, Belgium, France', Spain,Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia,Bulgaria and Romania (Fibiger et al.1984, Gyulai 1984, Rezbanyai-Reser 1984,Skinner 1984). In Sweden there are verifiedrecords of seca/el/a northwards to Upplandand Dalarne (Palmqvist 1984, 1985), in Finlandseca/el/a has been collected in one provinceon the south coast only (Fibiger et al.1984) and in Denmark the moth has beenfound all over the country (Fibiger in litt.).Fig. 3 gives the distribution of secalis andseca/e/la in Norway. Only verified records ofboth species are included. It has not beenpossible to examine all specimens present inNorwegian collections, so the map must beconsidered as preliminary.The male genitalia of secalis and seca/el/aare figured by Remm (1983), Fibiger et al.(1984) and Palmqvist (1984). Rezbanyai­Reser (1984) figures the genitalia of bothsexes. So far no distinguishing external characterhas been found. M. seca/el/a variesalong the same lines as secalis. Norwegianspecimens of seca/ella are on the averagesmaller than secalis and with less contrastingpattern on the forewing. Both species occur inthe same habitats. .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am particularly indebted to ale Karsholt,Copenhagen, who discovered and identifiedthe specimens of Amphisbatis incort.gruel/aand Agonopterix astrantiae. I thank the followingpersons for information and loan ofmaterial: Kaare Aagaard, Trond Artdersen,Alf Bakke, Kai Berggren, Geir Ellefsen, MichaelFibiger, Jac. Fjelddalen, Arild Fjeldsa,Lars Ove Hansen, Kjell Arne Johanson,11

Sverre Kobro, Carl Fredrik Liihr, ReidarMehl, Kai Myhr, Thor Jan Olsen, Jan EmilRaastad, Olavi Sotavalta, Svein Svendsenand Magne-Henrik Velde. I also thank TorGulliksen for taking the photographs.REFERENCESAagaard, K. 1979. Sommerfugler i Nord-Norge.Ottar 113-114, 1-68.Benander, P. 1928. Familjen Gelechiidle. SvenskInsektfauna 31. Entomologiska Foreningen,Stockholm. 97 pp.Benander, P. 1946. Forteckning over SverigessmlHjarilar. Cat. Ins. Suec. VI. Opusc. ent. 11,1-82.Bradley, J.D., Tremewan, W.G. & Smith, A.1979. British Tortricoid Moths. Tortricidae:Olethreutinae. The Ray Society 153, London.336 pp.Buhl, 0., Karsholt, 0., Larsen, K., Pallesen, G.,Palm, E. & Schnack, K. 1983. Fund av smllsommerfuglefra Danmark i 1982 (Lepidoptera).Ent. Meddr. 50, 119-136.Emmet, A.M. 1979. A field guide to the smallerBritish Lepidoptera. Br. Entom. & Nat. Hist.Soc., London. 271 pp.Fibiger, M., Mikkola, K., Moberg, A. & Svendsen,P. 1984. Mesapamea secalella Remm, 1983, anew species found in Western Europe. Notalepid. 7. 121-131.Gf0nlien, N. 1937. Tillegg til Norges Lepidopterfauna.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 5, 29-31.Gullander, B. 1963. Nordens svarmare och spinnare.Norstedts, Stockholm. 104 pp.Gustafsson, B.· 1980. Forteckning over SverigessmlHjarilar. (Duplicated list).Gyulai, P. 1984. Mesapamea secalella Remm,1983 from Central Europe. Nota lepid. 7. 322.Haanshus, K. 1933. Fortegnelse over Norges Lepidoptera.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 3, 164-216.Hannemann, H.J. 1964. Kleinschmetterlinge oderMicrolepidoptera 11. Die Wickler (s.l.) (Cochylidaeund Carposinidae), Die Ziinslerartigen(Pyraloidea). Tierwelt Dtl. 50.401 pp.Hannemann, H.J. 1977. Kleinschmetterlinge oderMicrolepidoptera Ill. Federmotten (Pterophoridae),Gespinstmotten (Yponomeutidae),Echte motten (Tineidae). Tierwelt Dtl. 63,275pp.Hellberg, H. 1981. Nordisk igelkottspinnare,Acerbia alpina, funnen i Sverige. Ent. Tidskr.102,75-76.Jacobs, S.N .A. 1978. The British Oecophoridae(Part I + 11). In: Illustrated papers on BritishMicrolepidoptera. Br. Entom. & Nat. Hist.Soc., London. 170 pp.Krogerus, H., Opheim, M., Schantz, M.V., Svensson,I. & Wolff, N.L. 1971. Catalogus LepidopterorumFenniae et Scandinaviae. HelsinginHyontesivaihtoyhdistys, Helsinki. 40 pp.12Kyrki, J. 1978. Suomen pikkuperhosten levinneisyysI. (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae - Pterophoridae).Notul. ent. 58, 37-67.Lid, J. 1974. Norsk og svensk flora. Det norskesamlaget. Oslo. 808 pp.Linnaluoto, E.T. & Koponen, S. 1980. Lepidopteraof Utsjoki, northernmost Finland. Kevonotes 5, 68 pp.Mehl, R. 1973. Nordm0res Lepidoptera 3. Atalantanorv. 2, 63-67.Obraztsov, N.S. 1964. Die Gattungen der PalearktischenTortricidae 11. Die Unterfamilie Olethreutinae.5. Teil. Tijdschr. Ent. 107, 1-48.Opheim, M. 1975. The Lepidoptera of Norway.Check-List. Part I. Pyraloidea, Pterophoroidea,Alucitoidea and Tortricoidea (first part).Norsk Lepidopterologisk Selskap, Trondheim.36 pp.Opheim, M. 1978. The Lepidoptera of Norway.Check-List. Part Ill. Gelechioidea (first part).Norsk Lepidopterologisk Selskap, Trondheim.30 pp.Opheim, M. 1979a. Errata. Atalanta norv. 4, 116.Opheim, M. 1979b. Nye lokaliteter for norskelepidoptera samt sjeldnere funn XI. Atalantanorv. 4, 117-126.Outakoski, N. 1972. Perhosharvinaisuus tavattuSaamessa. Pohjolan Sanomat 19.9. 1972. Rovaniemi.Palm, E. 1973. De danske «depressarier». Lepidoptera.Slernummer I. K0benhavn. 61 pp.Palm, E. 1978. De danske Oecophoridae. Lepidoptera.Slernummer 4. K0benhavn. 98 pp.Palmqvist, G. 1984. Intressanta fynd av Macrolepidopterai Sverige 1983. Ent. Tidskr. 105,81-88.Palmqvist, G. 1985. Intressanta fynd av Macrolepidopterai Sverige 1984. Ent. Tidskr. 106,65-70.Remm, H. 1983. New species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)from the USSR. Ent. Review 62.137-141.Rezbanyai-Reser, L. 1984. Angaben zur Morphologievon Mesapamea secalella Remm 1983,der vor kurzem erkannten Zwillingsart von M.secalis Linnaeus 1758, und zu deren Vorkommenin der Schweiz und in Ungarn (Lepidoptera,Noctuidae). Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 57,239-250.Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tineapellionella complex: a revision of the world'sspecies (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Bull. Br. Mus.nat. Hist. (Ent.) 38,57-128.attler, K. 1960. Generische Gruppierung der europaischenArten der Sammelgattung Gelechia(Lepidvptera, Gelechiidae). Dt. ent. Z. (N. F.)7, 10-118.Sch0yen, W.M. 1893. Fortegnelse over NorgesLepidoptera. Forh. Vidensk. Selsk. Christ. 13,I-54.Skinner, B. 1984. Colour Identification Guide toMoths of the British Isles. Viking, Middlesex.267 pp.

Sotavalta, O. 1962. Hyphoraia alpina Quens.(Lep., Arctiidae) rediscovered in Europe. Ann.Ent. Fenn. 28, 182-185.Sotavalta, 0., Karvonen, Ei., Karvonen, Ee., Korpela,S. & Korpela, J. 1980. The early stagesand biology of Acerbia alpina (Lepidoptera,Arctiidae). Notul. ent. 60, 89-95.Strand, E. 1901. Beitrag zur SchmetterlingsfaunaNorwegens. Nyt Mag. Naturv. 39, 25-72.Strand, E. 1904. Beitrag zur SchmetterlingsfaunaNorwegens. Ill. Nyt Mag. Naturv. 42, 109­179.Svensson, I. 1982. Anmiirkningsviirda fynd avMicrolepidoptera i Sverige 1981. Ent. Tidskr./03,81-88.Teich, C.A. 1892. Deber einige in Livland gefundeneSchmetterlinge. Stett. ent. Z. 53, 355­359.Traugott-Olsen, E. & Nielsen, E.S. 1977. The Elachistidae(Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia andDenmark. Fauna ent. scand. 6. 299 pp.Winter, T.G. 1981. The larva of Rhyacionia duplanalogaea Durrant (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)described and compared with R. duplanaduplana (Huebner) and R. simulata (Heinrich)Entomologist's Gaz. 32, 233-242.Received 13. Jan. 198613

-.Occurrence and life cycle of Dinocras cephalotes(Curtis, 1827) (Plec. Perlidae) in North NorwayHELGE HURUHuru, H. 1987. Occurrence and life cycle ofDinocras cephalotes (Curtis 1827) (Plec.Perlidae) in North Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 34, 14-18.Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis 1827) was registered very locally in tributaries of therivers Reisa and Lakselv and in the River Alta in northern Norway. Suitable habitatsfor the nymphs seem to be very scarce in these rivers.D. cephalotes has probably a 4 to 5 year life cycle in Alta River. Growth took placeonly during two to three months each year.It is supposed that D. cephalotes had a wider distribution in postglacial times beingconnected to the southern Scandinavian populations and that the more recent colderclimate has separated the northernmost populations from the southern ones.Helge Huru, University of Troms0, Troms0 Museum, N-9000 Troms0, Norway.INTRODUCTIONThe carnivorous stonefly Dinocras cephalo­tes (Curtis, 1827) is widespread in centraland western parts of Europe (lIlies 1978,Zwick 1981). In central Europe it occursmainly in mountain streams and riversFig. I. The distribution of Dinocras cephalotes inFennoscandia.Circles: Distribution of D. cephalotes according toBrinck 1949, Thomas 1969, Lillehammer 1974and Hermandsen 1979.Triangles: New records of D. cephalotes.Investigated area shaded.14(Schoenmund 1925, Kuhtreibe 1934, Aubert1946). The species is common in continentalparts of southern Norway and Sweden(Brinck 1949, Lillehammer 1974), but hasonly been registered in three rivers in westernNorway (Lillehammer 1974, Hermansen1979). In Scandinavia D. cephalotes is commonnorth to 66° N (Brinck 1949, Ulfstrand1968b, Lillehammer 1974, Koksvik 1976),and is registered very sporadic north of 66°N, Fig. 1 (Thomas 1969, Lillehammer 1974).It has not yet been found in Finland (Meinander1980). High temperature requirementsto initiate egg development (Lillehammer1986) limit its occurence in northernlatitudes.This paper deals with the distribution andlife cycle of D. cephalotes in the northernmostpart of Norway.MATERIAL AND METHODSBottom fauna were collected in twenty watercoursesin northern Norway. (Fig. I, 2)between 1978-1984, using the standardtravelling kicking method (STKM, Pollard1981). Aquatic invertebrates were collectedwith a net which usually had mesh size 500/-Lm. In Alta River, a net with mesh size of250/-Lm were used. In the localities, several abioticand biotic parameters were measured. InAlta River, nymphs were sampled four to fivetimes/year over three years. In the riversLakselv and Reisa, nymphs were sampledFaulUJ norv. Ser. B, 34: 14-18. Oslo 1987.

twice a year over a period ofone or two years.The nymphs were preserved in 80% alcoholprior to analysis. The width of the pronotumwas measured using a Wild M 5 stereo microscopeand a M 5 drawing tubus. The pronoturnwas measured to the nearest 0,05 mm forsmall nymphs and 0,1 mm for larger nymphs.Low densities of D. cephalotes gave lownumber of collected individuals, and thismakes the interpretation of the data for lifecycle prediction difficult. Seventysix nymphsfrom Alta river were measured. In the riversReisa and Lakselv, thirtyone and twentytwonymphs were collected, they were not used inthe prediction of life cycle.No adults were caught despite being lookedfor in the surrounding vegetation andground.RESULTSDistributionD. cephalotes was found only in the threerivers Lakselv, Alta and Reisa (Fig. 1,2) ofthe 20 rivers sampled. Its distribution in therivers was very restricted, and the species wasfound at only two localities in each river.D. cephalotes was seldom the predominantPlecoptera in any of the samples. CarnivorousPlecoptera e.g. Diura nanseni (Kempny)and partly Archynopteryx compacta (McLachlan) and D. cephalotes were usually numerousin most samples in addition to one ortwo Leuctrid or Capniid species. The domi-Fig. 2. Records of D. cephalotes in northernmostNorway.Triangles: New records.Circles: Earlier records.Shaded area shows the investigated area.1: Reisa river. 2: Alta river. 3: Lakselv river. 4:Tana river.nating species of Ephemeroptera was Baetisrhodani (Pictet) sometimes accompanied byother Baetis species. The dominating taxa inthe bottom fauna was Ephemeroptera andChironomidae.The localities where D. cephalotes occuredin the watershed of the rivers Lakselv andReisa were small streams (becks), while D.cephalotes was an inhabitant of Alta Riveritself. All localities lies in narrow valleyswith vegetation of birch and willow, in themiddle boreal (Alta) or north boreal vegetationzone (Dahl et al. 1986), where maximumwater temperature can exceed 16°C.The life cycleInformation on the life cycle was obtainedthrough analysis of the nymphal stages fromAlta River. Small nymphulae occurred inMay-July, and they grew very little duringthe first summer. The nymphs had a very slowgrowth. Most ofthe growth took place in twoto three months in the warm season during ayear, Fig. 3. Different sizes of nymphs wereregistered during the whole ice-free season(Fig. 3). Three to five size groups were foundat most of the sampling times. FullgrownWidth ofpronotummm//1------­-----_-------1---- _/ J4 _--- 132.------------- - ---- ~~.--------f 1----/z--~5 I O:A i M J J A 5n, 9 8 8 6 4 191980 1981Fig. 3. Measurements of nymphs of D. cephalotesfrom Alta river in 1980 to 1981, with standarddeviations.15

width of 1 2 3 4pronotum n: 19 13 I~ tmm " "r8I -I ---,.)('1 I')Co) /"...._­4T/[/------//1/3 !o// !.I' ...­O-A I M' J . J . A'S I O-A r M . J ' J . A • S I O-A I MFigs. 4. Growth of D. cephalotes based on measu­ 2) (Lillehammer 1974, Huru 1980 a, b, 1981rements of nymphs from 1980 to 1983, with stan­ a, b, c, d, 1982, Eie, Brittain & Huru 1982,dard deviations.Huru 1984), but the distribution ofD. cepha­1-5: age in years. Dotted line: alternative growth lotes was restricted to a few localities in thecurve. Arrows indicate possible emergence times.four rivers Tana, Lakselv, Alta and Reisa (fig.nymphs were found during the whole ice-free1,2). The gap between the northernmost po­season. The sampling gave no informationpulations and those in more southern areasabout emergence times. Brinck (1949) inditesin the northernmost part of Norway areindicates that the populations of D. cephalo­cated July-August as flight periods in congeographicallyseparated from the maintinental parts of Sweden. Ulfstrand (l968a)registered winged specimens mainly in July.southern populations.The size groups of D. cephalotes in Fig. 3D. cephalotes has a southern distribution,indicate a life cycle of 4 to 5 years.preferring stony streams and becks, and stre­ams in areas with continental climate (Hynes1941, Ulfstrand 1968 a, lIlies 1978). In Nor­DISCUSSIONway, it seldom occurs in coastal areas (Lille­Aquatic invertebrates have been sampled in a hammer 1974, Hermansen 1979). D. cephagreatnumber of rivers and streams in nort­ lotes has not been recorded in the alpine vegehernNorway during the last few years (Fig. I, tation zone (Lillehammer 1986), which co-Table I. Measurements of the width of pronotum on different size groups of Dinocras cephalotes fromAlta River, collected in 1980-1984.MonthSizegroup n x SO MonthSizegroup n x SOMayI11IIIV24110.451.02.25.60.22June 111IIIVI52130.351.02.44.90.040.16JulyI11V5210.421.05.80.10 August I11IIIIVV235450.601.52.33.75.70.260.150.540.33Sept.I11IIIV6212100.902.04.05.60.200.50.3016

vers a large area in the northern part of Fennoscandia.The records in this paper was inthe middle boreal (Alta) or north boreal vegetationzone. Hynes (1941) found D. cephalotesmost common in places where the substratumwas stable and moss-covered. Malmquist& Sj0str0m (1984) found the microdistributionof D. cephalotes, among other parameters,positivly correlated to high densitiesof prey (Chironomidae) and the presenceof moss. All localities in this study were sparslymoss-covered. The density of Chironomidaewas high in Alta. The localities in northernNorway were D. cephalotes was presenthad several similarities: Stony, stable bottom,sparse plant-cover, fast running water,continental climate, they all laid maximum 7km below upstream lakes and in narrow valleyswith forests, and air and water temperaturescan be high, even in cold summers.Which one of these factors are most importantis difficult to say.Lillehammer (1986) supposed that the distributionof D. cephalotes is restricted bytemperature. The upstream lakes may act asheat reservoirs and thereby ensure sufficientthermal sums during the summer. A continentalclimate gives higher sum of day-degreesin these valleys than do coastal or mountainareas in the same region. In Alta River,for instance, the sum of daydegrees in 1981varied from 1360 in lower parts to only 460day degrees in the uppermost becks (Traaen1983).In a population from southern Norway,eggs of D. cephalotes required near 12°C toinitiate egg development and about 780 daydegrees to hach (70-80 days at 12°C) (Lillehammer1986). The sum of degree days atthe actual locality in Alta River in 1981 was740 with temperature> 10°. Even if thesenorthern populations have lower temperaturerequirements, the number of habitatswhere D. cephalotes can survive in northernNorway is very limited. D. cephalotes has notbeen registered in Finland and other factorsthan water temperature and thermal sums isalso important for its occurence, i.e. vegetationcover, prey items (Malmquist & Sj0­str0m 1984), water chemistry and oxygen regime(D. cephalotes has external gills).The occurence of D. cephalotes in thenorthernmost Norway seems to be a result ofits ecological requirements and changes inclimate in postglacial time. The species survivesin very few localities in northern Norwaywhere its ecological requirements stillexist. These populations are probably verysensitive to disturbance, maybe even to smallerchanges in general climate.The genus Dinocras is endemic in Europe.Pleistocene refuges are known to have existedin the Mediterranean area, and D. cephalotes(among other Plecoptera species) havereached other parts of Europe in postglacialtime from these (Zwick 1981). Brinck (1949)supposed that D. cephalotes immigrated fromGermany via Denmark in early postglacfaltime. Since the last deglaciation there havebeen a few warm periods in northern Norway,and for instance pine (Pin us silvestris)had maxima in occurrence during these periods(Vorren 1977, Vorren & AIm 1984).Pine was also more widespread in the valleysTana, Alta and Reisa. The pine here was connectedto the Finnish pine forests (JuuI1925,Hustich 1966). It is also reasonable to supposethat D. cephalotes was more widespreadthan today in these valleys. As the climatebecame colder and wetter, the areas in whichD. cephalotes could survive decreased in size,and, in time, the northern populations becameseparated from the southern ones. It isalso possible that D. cephalotes almost disappearedunder these cold periods, and a newcolonization has occurred during the last centuries.D. cephalotes is one of the few plecopteranspecies with a life cycle longer than two years(Brinck 1949, Hynes 1941). Hynes (1941)found that, at 15°C, eggs needed ca. 100 daysto hatch, while Lillehammer (1986) foundincubation time from 70-80 days (12°) to35 days (20°). In South Sweden nymphsemerge in June--July 3 years after eggs werelaid (Brinck 1949). Also in more southernareas, D. cephalotes has a three-year lifecycle (Schoenmund 1925, Hynes 1941,Brinck 1949, Hynes 1977). Ulfstrand (1968a)proposed a possible four-year life cycle forthe populations in the mountains of MiddleSweden. It is thus not surprising that the lifecycle in northernmost Norway may reach4-5 years.The long life cycle and preference for temperatewater, indicates that the ecological nicheofD. cephalotes is narrow. The very limitedgeographical distribution in northernmostNorway can be explained by a lownumber of suitable habitats, where low watertemperatures is an important factor.17

LITTERAT.UREAubert, J. 1946. Les Plecopteres de la Suisse Romande.Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Gesellsch. Vo!. 20,no. 1. Lusanne.Brinck, P. 1949. Studies on Swedish stoneflies(Plecoptera)., Obscula Entomol, Suppl. 11, 1­250.Dahl, E., Elven, R., Moen, A. & Skogen, A. 1986.Nasjonalatlas for Norge. Kart over vegetasjonsregioner.Statens Kartverk.Eie, J.A., Brittain, J. & Huru, H. 1982. Naturvitenskapeligeinteresser knyttet til vann og vassdragpa Varangerhalv0ya. Kontaktutvalgetfo,vassdragsreguleringer, Univ. i Oslo, Rapp. 34,64 pp. ..Frutiger, A. 1983. Untersuchungen zur Okologieder rauberischen Steinfliege Dinocras cephalotesCurt. (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in einem Fliessgewasserder schweizerischen Voralpen.ADAG Administration & Druck AG, Zurich1983.92 pp.Hermansen, T. 1979. Dinoeras cephalotes (Curtis,1827) (Plec., Perlidae) in western Norway.Fauna norw. ser. B, 26, 95.Huru, H. 1980 a. Reisavassdraget. Hydrografi ogevertebratfauna i Reisavassdraget, NordTroms,1978. Tromura. Naturvitenskap 11, 79 pp.Huru, H. 1980 b. Hydrografi og evertebratfauna iSpansdalsvassdraget. Ibid. 12, 41 pp.Huru, H. 1981 a. Syltefjordvassdraget. Hydrografiog evertebratfauna. (Vesterelva). 0st-Finnmark,1979. Ibid. 18, 34 pp.Huru, H. 1981 b. Hydrografi og evertebratfauna iSn0fjordvassdraget, Vest-Finnmark. 1979.Ibid. 22, 37 pp.Huru, H. 1981 c. Hydrografi og evertebratfauna iJulelva, 0st-Finnmark 1979. Ibid. 23,36 pp.Huru, H. 1981 d. 0vre Bardu. Hydrografi og evertebratfaunai 0vre Bardu, Indre Troms, 1980.Ibid 31,46 pp.Huru, H. 1982. Lakselv. Hydrografi og evertebratfaunai Lakselvvassdraget, Midt Finnmark, i1977-79. Ibid 35, 86 pp.Huru, H. 1984. Konsesjonsunders0kelser i Alta­Kautokeino-vassdraget 1980-1983. Bunnfaunaog ernrering hos lakseunger. Ibid. 41, 104pp.Hustich, J. 1966. On the forest-tundra and thenorthern tree-lines. Ann. Univ. Turku. All: 36,7-47.Hynes, H.B.N. 1941. The taxonomy and ecologyof the nymphs of british Plecoptera with noteson the adults and eggs. Trans. R. ent. soc. London91, 459-557.Hynes, H.B.N. 1977. A key to the adults andnymphs of the British stoneflies (Plecoptera).Fresh w. Bioi. Ass. Sci. 17, 1-92.Illies, J. 1978. Plecoptera, p. 264-273 in Illies, J.(ed). 1978. Limnofauna Europea. G. FisherVerlag.J uul, J.G. 1925. Furuens utbredelse i Finnmark ogTroms. Tidsskr. Skogbr.• 33,359-441.Koksvik, J.I. 1976. Hydrografi- og evertebratfaunai Vefsnavassdraget 1974. DKNVS, Museet,Rapp. zool. ser. 1976-4. 96 pp.Kuhtreiber, J. 1934. Die Plekopterenfauna Nordtirols.Ber. Naturviss-Med. Ver. Innsbruck.43-44,1-219.Lillehammer, A. 1974. Norwegian stoneflies. 11.Distribution and relationship to the environment.Norsk Ent. Tidskr. 21. 195-250.Lillehammer, A. 1986. Egg development of stonefliesSiphonoperla burmeisteri (Chloroperlidae)and Dinoeras cephalotes (Perlidae). J.Freshwater. Bioi. in press.Malmquist, B. & Sj0stf0m, P. 1984. The microdistributionof some lotic predators in relation totheir prey abiotic factors. Freshwater biology14,649-656.Meinander, M. 1980. Suomen koskikorennot ­Finlands backsHindor (Plecoptera). NotulaeEntomologicae, 60, 7-10.Pollard, J.E. 1981. Investigator differences associatedwith a kicking method for samplingmacroinvertebrates. J. offresh water ecology I,215-224.Schoenmund, E. 1925. Die Larven der deutchenPerla Arten, Ent. Mitt. 14 Berlin.Thomas, E. 1969. Die Plecopterenfauna des Kaltisjokk.Entomol. Ts. 90, 15-18.Traaen, T. (ed.) 1983. Basisunders0kelser i Alta­Kautokeinovassdraget 1980-1982. NIVArapp.0-80002-16, 11. 117 s.Ulfstrand, S. 1968a. Life cycle ofbenthic insects inLapland streams (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera,Trichoptera, Diptera Simuliidae). Oikos 19,167-190.Ulfstrand, S. 1968 b. Benthic animal communitiesin Lapland streams. Oikos, Suppl. 10,1-120.Vorren, K.D. 1977. Nordisk plantegeografi. Univ.in Troms0.Vorren, K.D. & AIm, T. 1984. An attemt at synthesizingthe Holocene biostratigraphy of a«type area,) in northern Norway by means ofrecommended methods for zonation and comparisonof biostratigraphical data. pp. 121­135 in: Laboratorie de botanique historiq ue etpalynologi (ed.) Paleohydrological changes inthe temperate zone in the last 15000 years.Laboratorie de botanique historique et palynologie,Marseille.Zwick, P. 1981. Das Mittelgebiet als glaziales RefugiumfUr Plecoptera. Acta entomol. jugosl.17, 107-111.Received 13 Jan. 198618

Brachycaudus spp. new to the Norwegian fauna(Homoptera: Aphididae)CHRISTIAN STENSETHStenseth, C. 1986. Braehyeaudus spp. new to the Norwegian fauna (Homoptera:Aphididae). Fauna norw. Ser. B: 34, 19-21.The present paper gives biometric data and describe records of Braehyeaudus (Aeaudus)populi (de Guerico) and B. (Thuleaphis) sedi Jacob from Norway. The until nowunknown fundatrix of B. (A.) populi is described.Christian Stenseth, Norwegian Plant Protection Institute, Div. of Entomology, p.a.Box 70, N-1432 As-NLH, Norway.Nine species of the genera Brachycaudus vander Goot are reported from Norway (Ossiannilsson,1969, Tambs-Lyche, 1970). This papergives informations about further twoBrachycaudus species found.Brachycaudus (Acaudus) populi (Del Guercio)FundatrixBody length 2.19-2.54 mm. Antennae 5- or6-jointed. Antennal flagellum 0.964-1.162mm, 0.44-0.52 X the body length. Antennaljoint 3 (5-jointed) or 3 + 4 (6-jointed)0.529-0.592 mm long, 2.1-2.6 X processusterminalis which is 0.232-0.255 mmlong. Longest hair on 3. antennal joint0.028-0.031 mm and 1.1-1.4 X basal articulardiameter of that joint. Hairs on abdominaltergite 8, 0.052-0.094 mm. Othercharacters as in apterous viviparous female.Measurements of 4 specimens.Apterous viviparous femaleBody length 1.66-2.71 mm. Antennae 6­jointed, brown like the head but 3. joint maybe paler than rest of the antennae. Secondaryrhinaria absent in normal apterae, but 1 to 11may occur on 3.joint in alatiform specimens.Antennal flagellum 1.09-1.83 mm long,0.63-0.76 X the body length. Antennaljoint3, 0.372-0.569 mm long, 0.74-1.08 Xprocessus terminalis which is 0.418-0.592mm. Longest hair on 3. antennal joint0.026-0.44 mm and 0.8-1.8 X basal articulardiameter of that joint. Hairs on abdo­Fau1Iilllon. Ser. B, 34: t9-21. Oslo t987.minal tergite 3 maximally 0.035-0.069 mmand those on 8. tergite 0.073-0.102 mm.Apical rostral segment with 7-9 hairs,0.143-0.185 mm long and 0.84-1.05 Xsecond joint of hind tarsus which is 0.140­0.194 mm long. Siphunculi 0.126-0.196mm, 0.8-1.0 X the length of second joint ofhind tarsus, tapering or conical, brown butdarker than the dorsal sclerotisation, faintlyimbricated with incision before the flange.Cauda rounded 0.094-0.112 mm long, butshorter than the basal width and with 8-12hairs. Abdominal tergite 8 with 7-10 hairsand tergite 6 with 5-8 hairs, normally 6,between siphunculi. Abdominal tergites 1­7 with a brown sclerotic shield which is marginallypartly reaching the stigmal plates.Thoracic segments and 8. abdominal tergitewith cross bars. Abdominal marginal tuberclesirregular present on tergites 2-5. Tibiapale with brown apics. Femora 3 and 2 darkerbrown than femora 1. Measurements of19 specimens.Alate viviparous femaleBody length 2.3-2.5 mm. Antennae 6-jointed,brown, with 20-25 secondary rhinariaalong whole length ofjoint 3 but on one side.Antennal flagellum 1.89-2.13 mm long,0.79-0.~7 X the body length. Antennaljoint3, 0.604-0.677 mm long, 0.92-1.05 Xprocessus terminalis which is 0.604-0.697mm long. Antennal hairs and those on abdominaltergites 3-6 and 8 as those for apterae.I\.pical rostral segment 0.162-0.173 mmlong and 0.83-0.95 X second joint of hind19

Fig. 1. Brachycaudus (Acaudus) populi. dorsaleview of abdomen in alate viviparous female.0 ...0A• •10,.. -f/I ... ... •'if.''yr.""~~ clJI'.~~'~;~;·~'if~,;e"'~;;;h%vti!i)~l~r;g~ i~~tarsus which is 0.181-0.194 mm. Siphunculi0.175-0.209 mm long faintly imbricatedwith a cylinderical basal part and thentapering. Abdominal sclerotic pattern asshown in fig. 1. Measurements of 3 specimens.Colour in life black.The Norwegian apterous and alate viviparousfemales shows greater variation in maximumhairlength on third antennaljoint andthird abdominal tergite than described byBurger (1975). The abdominal spino-pleuralblotch in alate viviparous female is also greater,extending from abdominal tergites 3-6.Fundatrix is not described earlier.8-....!C;n~g;.I ':9'RecordsCollected from Silene maritima on leaves,stems, flower-stalk and subterraneus stem(only fundatrix) at Grimstad, Aust-Agder (4June 1979, fundatrix & 20 July 1974) and atSkjeberg, 0stfold (23 June 1974). Collectedfrom Silene vulgaris on leaves and stems inSogn & Fjordane at Leikanger (24 June 1966& 9 July 1968), Lrerdal (3 July 1966) andBorgund (3 July 1966), at Stordal, M0re &Romsdal (12 June 1974, det.: Hille Ris Lambers),at Nord Fron, Oppland (31 July 1975)and at Alta, Finnmark (28 Aug. 1968, oviparae).Burger (1975) mentions B. (A.) populifrom South- and Central-Europe. The Norwegianrecords are from coastal districts withexception of the sample from Oppland whichis from the inland, 850 m above sea level.Fig. 2. Brachycaudus (Thuleaphis) sedi, dorsalview of abdomen. A = apterous viviparous female.B = alate viviparous female.Brachycaudus (Thuleaphis) sedi Jacob, 1964Apterous viviparous femaleBody length 1.93 mm. Antennae 6-jointed,antennal flagellum 0.581 mm, ratios of flagellarjoints 173:57:69:104 + 151. Longesthair on 3. antennaljoint 0.007 mm and 0.3 Xbasal articular diameter of that joint. Hairs20

on 3. abdominal tergite maximally 0.014 mmand those on tergite 8, 0.060 mm and II innumbers. Apical rostral segment with 4 secondaryhairs and 0.107 mm long. Secondjoint of hind tarsus 0.136 mm. Siphunculi(fig. 2) pale brown, smooth conical, not longerthan basal width which is 0.027 mm.Cauda with 8 hairs. Antennae, femora andtibiae pale brown. Sclerotic pattern as shownin figure 2, pale brown.Marginal tubercles on abdominal tergites2-4 and spinal tubercles on tergite 8. Onespecimen examined. Colour in life reddishbrown.Alate viviparous femaleBody length 1.72 mm. Antennae 6-jointed,antennal flagellum 1.0I mm, ratios of flagellarjoints 312:151:128:116:116 + 232, secondaryrhinaria on 3.joint 13 and on 4.joint3. Longest hairs on 3. antennal joint 0.09mm, on 3. abdominal tergite 0.017 mm andon 8 tergite 0.052 mm. Apical rostral segmentwith 8 secondary hairs and 105 mmlong. Second joint of hind tarsus 0.152 mm.Siphunculi brown, tapering faintly longerthan basal width of0.049 mm (fig. 2). Cauda0.099 mm long and basal width of0.101 mm,with 8 hairs. Antennae brown with a palebase on 3. joint. Femora and tibia brown.Abdominal sclerotic pattern as shown in fig.2, brown. Marginal tubercles on abdominaltergites 2-3 and a spinal tubercle on tergite8. One specimen examined.RecordCollected in flowers of Sedum roseum atNord-Fron, Oppland (8 Aug. 1975) 900 mabove sea level.REFERENCESBurger, H.C. 1975. Key to the European species ofBrachycaudus, subgenus Acaudus (Homoptera,Aphidoidea) with redescriptions and noteon B. persicae. Tijdschr. Ent. 118,99-116.Jacob, F.H. 1964. A new species of ThuleaphisHRL from Wales, Scotland and Ieland. Proc.R. ent. Soc. London (B) 33, 111-116.Ossiannilsson, F. 1969. Catalogus insectorumSueciae. XVIII. Homoptera: Aphidoidea.Opusc. Ent. 34, 34-72.Tambs-Lyche, H. 1970. Studies on Norwegianaphids (Horn., Aphidoidae). It. The subfamilyMyzinae (Mordvilko) B0rner. Norsk ent. Tidsskr.17,1-16.Received 20 Jan. 198621

Nymphal development and food consumption ofAtractotomus mali (Meyer-Diir) (Hemiptera:Miridae), reared on Aphis pomi (DeGeer) and Psyllamali SchmidbergerNINA JONSSONJonsson, N. 1987. Nymphal development and food consumption ofAtractotomus ma/i(Meyer-Diir) (Hemiptera: Miridae), reared on Aphis pomi (DeGeer) and Psy/la ma/iSchmidberger. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34, 22-28.Food consumption and the duration of nymphal development of Atractotomus maliwere tested by rearing A. mali on apple leaves, the aphide Aphis pomi and the psyllidePsylla mali. Few A. ma/i nymphs developed when fed on only apple leaves. 3.8% ofthem survived from 2 nymphal stage until adulthood. A. mali nymphs consumed moreanimal food at 20°C that at 15°C, and their consumption of A. pomi was higher thanthat of P. mali nymphs. At a temperature of 20°C, A. mali nymphs in stages 2-5consumed 87 A. pomi or a dry-weight 3.7 mg, and 40 P. mali with a dry-weight of 2.1mg. Corresponding figures at 15°C were 110 A. pomi or 5.0 mg, and 41 P. mali and 2.3mg. The duration of A. mali development from nymphal stages 2 to 5 was 11.6 days at20°C when fed on P. mali, and 13.0 days when fed on A. pomi. Figures at 15°C were22.6 days and 28.8 days, respectively. Adult A. ma/iconsumed more P. mali in nymphalstages 4-5 than they consumed adults. During a 15 day period at 20°C, 26.2 P. malinymphs with a dry-weight of 4.60 mg and 11 P. ma/i adults with a dry-weight of 1.90mg were consumed. At 15°C, 15.8 P. malinymphs (dry-weight 2.80 mg) and 4.7 P. maliadults (dry-weight 0.83 mg) were consumed. A single adult A. mali was capable tocontrolling populations of 50 A. pomi individuals in an apple tree.Nina Jonsson 1 , University of Oslo, Department of Zoology, Section of Zoology, P.O.Box 1050, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo 3, Norway.INTRODUCTIONA tractotomus mali is a common heteropteranin Norwegian apple orchards (Austreng &S0mme 1980, SkAnland 1981 a, J onsson1983a). Existing literature gives contradictoryinformations concerning the food of thisspecies. Collyer (1953), Sandford (1964) andLord (1971) maintained that A. mali nymphscan survive and develop to adults in the ab­sence of animal food, whereas Leonard(1965), Strawinski (1964) and MacPhee(1976) claimed that A. mali is mainly zoo­phagous, or feeds on a combination ofanimaland plant foods. Thus far, few quantitativestudies on food consumption by A. malinymphs and adults, and the effects of diffe-rent food items on nymphal development atvarious temperatures have been published.Therefore I tested the duration of nymphaldevelopment in association with A. mali consumptionQat two different tern peratures (15°Cand 20 C), when fed on prey species Aphispomi and Psylla mali placed on apple leaves,and when fed only on apple leaves. I comparedthe consumption of adult A. mali rearedon P. mali nymphs, with that of P. maliadults. The potential size of A. pomi populationswtich may be controlled by A. maliplaced in apple trees was also examined.METHODSThe laboratory experiments were conductedat two different temperatures (15± I QC and1) Present address: Directorate for Nature Mana­ 20±I 0c) between 6 May-5 August 1980.gement, Research Division, Tungasletta 2, Relative humidity during the experimentsN-7004 Trondheim, Norway. was 60±5%, the illumination was 941ux. The22Fauna nOrl/. Ser. B, 34: 22-28. Oslo 1987.

10!silS'C~---I~_/j20°C r-r8rQI 01 varMlbilityE!-..-n1....96" confIdenCe Imtt~!r~~6! 4lS'C 1-95~contklonce "m"1-..-02O'C8i"'lI/ Iu

espectively. At 20°C, mean number and dryweightof consumed A. pomi were 87 and 3.7mg, and of P. mali 40 and 2.1 mg. Whenreared on P. mali, 2.5% oftheA. malinymphs 28died before reaching the adult stage, while7.5% died when reared on A. pomi. 2.5% ofthe nymphs died at 15°C and 7.5% at 20°C.Consumption by predators which died during 24the course of the experiment was omittedfrom the results.20AdultsThe consumption-rate of adult A. mali washigher when they were fed on P. mali in 4 and5 nymphal stage, than when fed on adults('t'-tests, all P­°21- Q5% confidence limite-rreanI•//. //. ..///./ . /•20ec• 20ec• 151C0 3 6 9 12 15OIly. 25

12~ I 95%confidence limitJ8j i moon l/t_2O'C4~ t/1j I~l/ f--r15'(;vV'"" Ii i i1 eI02O'C! /o e0/ /e1S C~?%e /eo 3 6 9 12 15DaysFig. 5. Mean cumulative consumption in numberand dry-weight of adult Atractotomus mali at15°C and 20°C during IS days, when reared onadult Psy/la mali. The data are based on 6 parallelexperiments at each temperature.250200~f 1501=!8Dr- on100I'50, ...-i>.:: ~••q" "'~-~I..··

than P. mali. Upon examination of thegrowth rates of A. mali, the psyllid P. maliseemed to be the more suitable prey item.Anderson (1962) observed that Anthocoridaenymphs developed faster fed on aphidsthan on psyllids, and therefore classified theAnthocoridae species as aphidophagous. Correspondingly,A. mali may be classified aspsyllophagous. The reason for A. mali'squicker growth on P. mali than on A. pomi,may be that P. mali is more easy to locate andcapture, and A. mali and P. mali may beco-adapted, because of the parallel developmentin the blossom clusters on apple trees(Jonsson 1983b, 1985). Nymphal developmentof A. mali and P. mali are synchronous,and each year P. mali occur in great numberson apple trees. Nymphs are easily caught becauseoftheir slow movements. P. mali thereforeseems to be a predictable food resourcefor A. mali nymphs, on which they may specializetheir foraging activities. On the otherhand, population densities of A. pomi varyconsiderably from year to year. No A. pomiwere observed in apple trees at Gaustad, Osloin 1979 and 1981, while A. pomi were numerousin 1980 (Jonsson 1981). Furthermore,the distribution of A. pomi in apple trees isscattered, and colonies are usually built onfreshly sprouted leaves. A. pomi appears to bean unstable food resource and an unpredictableprey species for A. mali nymphs, possiblyexplaining why A. mali does not show anyparticular trophic specialization on the latterprey item.Adult A. mali consumed 2-3 times moreP. mali nymphS than P. mali adults. An explanationfor this may be that adults are moredifficult to catch than nymphs. During thelaboratory experiments, adult P. mali weremostly observed on the leaf surfaces and petiols,and usually they jumped away in thenear presence of A. mali or when touched bythem with the proboscis. P. mali in 4-5nymphal stages also lived on the leafsurfacesand petiols, but moved quite slowly. No adultA. mali died when fed on P. mali nymphs.However, two A. mali died when fed on P.mali adults. P. mali nymphs may be moreeasily caught than adults.Field experiments illustrated that oneadult A. mali is capable ofstabilizing populationsof 50 A. pomi. In corresponding experiments,Anthocoris nemorum and Blepharidopterusangulatus were able to stablize populationsof 70 A. pomi (Skanland 1978).However, A. mali is abundant in many appleorchards (Austreng & S0mme 1980, Skanland1981a, Jonsson 1983a) and may thereforebe one of the important predators controllingnatural populations ofaphids. But, asA. mali is a less efficient predator than someother heteropterans, it may be less desireableas a biological pest control species.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMy sincers thanks go to Dr. Bror Jonsson,Directorate for Nature Management, for constructivecriticism of the manuscript and toProfessor Lauritz S0mme, University ofOslo, for various kinds of help during thestudy. This research was supported by theDepartment of Biology, University of Oslo,and Directorate for Nature Management.REFERENCESAnderson, N.H. 1962. Growth and fecundity ofAnthocoris ·spp. reared on various prey (Heteroptera:Anthocoridae). Entom%gia expo app/.5,40-42.Austreng, M.P. & S0mme, L. 1980. The fauna ofpredatory bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae andAnthocoridae) in Norwegian apple orchards.Fauna norv. Ser. B 27, 3-8.Collyer, E. 1953. Biology of some predatory insectsand mites associated with the fruit tree redspider mite (Metatetranychus u/mi (Koch)) insouth-eastern England. Ill. Further predatorsof the mite. J. hort. Sci. 28, 98-113.10nsson, N. 1981. Tegefaunaen pa ep/etrrer i enhage pa Gaustad, Oslo, med spesie/l vekt paAtractotomus mali (Meyer-Diir). Cand.real.thesis, Univ. Oslo.- 1983a. The bug fauna (Hem., Heteroptera) onapple trees in south-eastern Norway. Faunanorv. Ser. B 30,9-13.- 1983b. The life history of Psy/la mali Schmidberger(Horn., Psyllidae); and its relationshipto the development of the apple blossom.Fauna norv. Ser. B 30, 3-8.- 1985. Ecological segregation of sympatric heteropteranson apple trees. Fauna norv. Ser. B32,7-11.Leonard, D.E. 1965. Atractotomus maliand Campy/ommaverbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae) onapples in Connecticut. J. econ. Ent. 58, 1031.Lord, F. T. 1971. Laboratory tests to compare thepredatory value of six mirid species in eachstage ofdevelopment against the winter eggs ofthe European red mite, Panonychus u/mi(Acari: Tetranychidae). Can. Ent. 103, 1663­1669.27

MacPbee, A.W. 1976. Predictions of destructivelevels of the apple-stinging bugs Atractotomusmali and Campylomma verbasci (Hemiptera:Miridae). Can. Ent. 108, 423-426.Sandford, K.ll. 1964. Life history and control ofAtractotomus mali, a new pest ofapple in NovaScotia (Miridae: Hemiptera). J. econ. Ent. 57,921-925.Skan1and, H.T. 1978. Insekt predatorer pa Aphispomi (DeGeer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Cand.real. thesis, Univ. Oslo.- 1981 a. Studies on the arthropod fauna of aNorwegian apple orchard. Fauna norv. Ser. B28,25-34.- 1981 b. Rovinsekter mot gr0nn ep1eb1adlus­Aphis pomi (DeGeer). Gartneryrket 71, 242­247.Strawinski, K. 1964. Zoophagism of terrestricalHemiptera-Heteroptera occuring in Poland.Eco/. pol. Ser. A 12, 429-452.Received 15 Febr. 198628

The first record of Thaumalea ve"alli Edwards(Diptera: Thaumaleidae) from ScandinaviaENDRE WILLASSENWillassen, E. 1987. The first record of Thaumalea verralli Edwards (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)from Scandinavia. Fauna nary. Ser. B. 34, 29-30.A single male imago of Thaumalea verralli Edwards was caught when resting withinthe moss-bed in a hygropetric locality on Mt. Fl0yen, Bergen, Norway. The wing andgenitalia are figured.E. Willassen, Museum of Zoology, University ofBergen, Museplass 3, N-5000 Bergen.INTRODUCTIONAbout sixty species of the family Thaumalei­dae are known from Europe (Vaillant, 1981).Only three species are known fromScandinavia: Thaumalea caudata Bezzi,Thaumalea testflcea Ruthe, and Thaumaleatruncata Edwards (Edwards, 1929, Andersson,1977). Two additional species, Thauma­lea obscura (Zetterstedt) and T. tricuspisTjeder (1949b) have been listed in the re­cords, but these have been shown to be syno­nyms of T. testacea (Tjeder, 1949a, Anders­son, 1977).AOBSERVATIONSOn 21 Sept. 1983 I visited a hygropetric localityon the Mt. Fl0yen, Bergen. The site iswithin a park area where the arboreal vegetationis partly dominated by planted, introducedspecies. The stream is predominantlyshaded by beech (Fagus) canopy.While examining partly submerged mosseson a vertical rock surface for hygropetricDiptera larvae, I discovered a flying midgelanding on the mosses and watched it crawlinto the moss-bed.The Specimen was mounted in Canadabal­sam for identification and turned out to be amale of Thaumalea verralli Edwards (Fig. 1).No larvae or pupae of Thaumaleidae werefound neither among the mosses nor on thepatches of the rock being devoid of macrove­getation.Fauna norv. SeT. B, 34: 29-30. Oslo 1987.Fig. 1. Thaumalea verralli Edwards, male imago,A wing, B genitalia.29

DISCUSSIONThe larvae of the Thaumaleidae inhabit thehygropetric zone of relatively cool springsand streams. Having amphipneustic respiratorysystem, with one pair of spiracles on thedorsal part of prothorax and one spiracle dorsallybetween the procerci (Saunders, 1923)they live partly submerged in the thin film ofwater flowing over rocks. The fauna of suchhabitats have not been examined in any extentin Norway. Although no immatures werefound at the site where T. verralli was captured,there is reason to believe that the localitysupports a population of thaumaleids. Accordingto Vaillant (1978) the imagines arerelatively sedentary and usually do not leavethe surroundings of the larval habitat.In contrast to the majority of Thaumaleidaespecies, T. verralli is widely distributedin Europe (Vaillant, 1969, 1978). The specieshas even been recorded from Iceland (Tjeder,1949b, Nielsen & al., 1954) and the Faroes(Pedersen, 1971). Vaillant (1978) listed T.verralli in «Limnofauna Europaea» as probablyoccurring in region 17, which includesDenmark and S. Sweden. The finding of thisspecies in region 20 adds weight to Vaillant'sexpectation and probably reflects that no intensivesearch for thaumaleids has been carriedout in Scandinavia to date. WesternNorway is relatively rich in hygropetric habitatsand although Vaillant (1978) pointed outthat there seem to be no exclusively borealspecies of thaumaleids in Europe, there isreason to expect that the number ofspecies inScandinavia may be higher than shown asyet.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI thank Dr. F. Vaillant, Grenoble, for checkingthe manuscript.REFERENCESAndersson, H. 1977. Fynd av miitarmyggor i Sverige(Dipt., Thaumaleidea). Ent. Tidskr. 98,77-78.Edwards, F.W. 1929. A revision of the Thaumaleidae(Dipt.). Zool. Anz. 82, 121-142.Nielsen, P., Ringdahl, O. and Tuxen, S.L. 1954.Diptera I. The Zoology ofIceland 3 (48a), 189pp: Munksgaard, Copenhagen & Reykjavik.Pedersen, B.V. 1971. Diptera Nematocera. ZoologyFaroes 2 (42b), 1-71.Saunders, L.G. 1923. On the larva, pupa, andsystematic position of Orphnephila testaceaMacq. (Diptera Nematocera). Ann. Mag. nat.Hist. (9), 11, 631-640.Tjeder, B. 1949a. The identity of Chenesia obscuraZett. (Dipt. Thaumaleidae). Opusc. Entomol.14, 105-106.- 1949b. The first Swedish representative of thefamily Thaumaleidae (Dipt. Nemat. ). Opusc.Entomol. 14, 106-109.Vaillant, F. 1969. Les Dipteres Thaumaleidae desAlpes et des Carpathes. Ann. Soc. ent. France(N.S.) 5,687-705.- 1978. Thaumaleidae. - In: Illies, J. (ed.) LimnofaunaEuropaea, 459-460: Gustav FischerVerlag, Stuttgart. 2nd edition.- 1981. Some Diptera Thaumaleidae from Europe.Aquatic Insects 3, 129-146.Received 2 April 198630

Bibio nigriventris Haliday, 1833 (Dipt. Bibionidae) inNorwayUTA GREVEGreve, L. 1987. Bibio nigriventris Haliday, 1833 (Dipt. Bibionidae) in Norway. Faunanorv. Ser. B 34, 31-34.A total of 316 specimens ofB. nigriventris Haliday, 1833, based on old revised and newcollections, have been recorded from around 70 localities. The distribution of B.nigriventris in Norway is given. B. nigriventris is common in the lowland north toTroms province, and is probably one of the most common species of Bibionidae inNorway. The species has been collected up to 900 m a.s.l. which belong to the subalpinezone, but it seems to be rare here. Most records are from mixed coniferous anddeciduous forests.The flight period is late May to July in the lowlands, except in the two northernmostprovinces where the flight period is June to early August. The few records from thesubalpine zone dates to late June and July. The sex ratio in all the material is I : I, but inMalaise traps the sex ratio changes towards 2 males per I female.Uta Greve, University of Bergen, Zoological Museum, Museplass 3, N-5007 BergenUniv., Norway.INTRODUCTIONHackman (1980) listed eleven Bibio, one Dilophusand one Penthretria from Finland,Adult Bibionidae are common in many partsofNorway. Several species make swarms andand Wahlgren (1919) listed thirteen Bibioare then easy to capture. Few researchers, and three Dilophus from Sweden. Comparedhowever, have studied this fly family in Nor­ to these lists the number of Bibionidae inway. The last survey dates back to SiebkeNorway can be calculated to be roughly fif­(1877). Bibionidae larvae feed on different teen, but only the seven specificly mentionedplant roots, and some are pests on agricultutreatedhere, are recorded with certaintyabove and B. nigriventris Haliday, 1833,ral crops.Two species of Dilophus and thirteen spefromsouthern parts of Sweden (Wahlgren,from Norway. B. nigriventris is mentionedcies of Bibio (= Hirtea) was listed by Siebke.Older material ofDilophus should be revised 1919), and it is listed by Hackman (1980).on account of Haenni's (1982) revision. More information on the European distrib­Greve, Solem & Olsen (1984) found D. femo­utioratus Meigen to be fairly common in Norway.is given by Verbeke (1971).B. clavipes (Meigen), B. fulvipes Zett., B. pomonae(Fabr.) and B. rufipes Zett. were fo­ MATERIAL AND METHODSund to be common at Kongsvoll, Southern A total of 316 specimens of B. nigriventris.Tr0ndelag province (Greve, Solem & Olsen, 158 males and 158 females were collected1984). Greve (1986) mentioned two more from around seventy localities. All materialBibio species from Norway, B. hortulanus (L. hitherto determined and recorded as B. nigri­1758), included in Siebke's survey, and B. ventris in Norwegian museums is included inmarci (L. 1758) as new to Norway. B. umbel­this survey. Material is for the main part de­latarum Zett in list probably represents a sy­ posited in Zoological Museum, University ofnonym for B. fulvipes Zett.Bergen. Material deposited in museums el­Freeman & Lane (1985) listed a total of sewhere is notified in the list of records.twenty species of the genus Bibionidae from There is little information on collectingthe British Isles - sixteen belonging to the methods, but one can assume that most of itgenus Bibio- and four to the genus Dilophus. has been collected by a sweep-net. Much ad­Fau1lLl norv. Ser. B. 34: 31-34. Oslo 1987. 31

number ofsegments ofthe antennal flagellumis only five (rarely six according to Freeman& Lane, 1985) compared to seven or more inmost other Bibio species. This makes it fairlyeasy to distinguish B. nigriventris from otherNorwegian Bibio species. The body is blackin both sexes. The coxae of the male and thefemora are black, at least the last pair oftibiaare reddish brown. The legs ofthe females aremore brighter reddish-yellow. The frontwing-ribs are dark in both sexes. The last partof the male wings including the ribs is milkywhite, all wingsribs in the last part of thefemale wing, however, is dark and contrasting.The stigma of the male wing is not verydistinct, and only touching the margin of thewingfront in a smaller part. The stigma isdistinct in the female wing. B. nigriventrislarvae may damage roots of larch.EiFig. I. The distribution of Bibio nigriventris Halidayin Norway. Closed circles represent materialseen by the author. Open circle represents publishedrecord, material not seen by the author.ditional Bibionidae material hall been collectedin the last ten years by other methods likelighttraps, Malaisetraps, pitfalltraps and watertraps(yellow trays). Some of the trapshave been collecting all through the summerseason.Morphological charactersB. nigriventris has a body length 6--8 mmand is thus a middle sized Bibio species. TheEarlier records of B. nigriventris0, Halden: Hvaler (Strand, E. 1913). Thismaterial is today not present in Norwegiancollections. Siebke (1877) records B. nigriventris,1

ker 1 ~ 27 June 1873 (ZMO 11293). Probablymaterial published by Siebke (1877) as B.johannis (L.).New records of B. nigriventrisAK, Frogn: Hli0ya. Malaisetrap A 5 ~~ ,Malaisetrap B 1 ~ 2 ~~ . B0, Hurum:Holmsbu 1 ~, Tofte 52 ~~ 27 ~~. BV, Hol:Geilo 1 ~ . YE, Tj0me: Kjrere 1 ~ ,Mostranda2 ~~ 4 ~~. AAY, Arendal: HasseUsen 4 ~~. VAY, Flekkefjord: Hidra, Drag0Y 1 ~ ;S0gne: S0gne Folkeh0gskole 1 ~ . RY, KArst0:Storavann 1 ~,Arvik 1 ~. HOY, Bergen:Bergen I ~ 1 ~ , Sandviken 1 ~ 2 ~~, Hellenesset1 ~ 1 ~ , (Asane) Vollane 1 ~ 2 ~~,(Asane) Golfbanen 1 ~ 4 ~~ ,(Fana) Stavollen1 ~ , (Fana) Stend 2 ~O' 3 ~~ , (Fana)Flesland 1 ~ ; Samnanger: Adland 1 ~ ; Os:R0ykenesvann 1 ~ 2 ~~; Sund: Srele 2 ~~ 2~~ ; Ask0Y: Hestetreet 3 ~~ 1 ~ ; Oster0Y:Herland 2 ~~, SkaftA 3 ~~ 2 ~~; 0ygarden:BlomvAg 1 ~ I ~ . HOI, Etne: Austrheim 10~~ , Brenneland 1 ~ ; Kvinnherad: Berget I~, Guddalsdal 2 ~~ , Rosendal, Baroniet 2~ ~ 1 ~ , Rosendal, near church, I ~ ,Skeie 1~ , Skeiehavn 1 ~ , Uskedall ~, Varalds0Y,Djuvsland, Knarrevikshei 1 ~ ; Ullensvang:Dj0nno 1 ~ , Ring0Y 1 ~ ; Eidsfjord: Hj01­modalen 1 ~ , 0vre Eidfjord I ~ 1 ~ ; Ulvik:Granvin 1 ~ 2 ~~ ,Granvin, Seim 3 ~~ I ~ ;Voss: 4 km east of Mj0lfjell 5 ~~ 15 ~~ ;Kvam: Bjerke 3 ~~ 1 ~, T0rrviksbygd, Bergsliane1 ~ . SFY, Gulen: Brekke 1 ~ , IndreTakle 1 ~ . SFI, Lrerdal: Eggum I ~ ,Kvamme 1 ~ . STI, Trondheim: Lade 1 ~ ;Oppdal: Kongsvoll 1 ~ 5 ~~ , Kongsvoll,Raubekken 1 ~ (The Museum, Univ. Trondheim);Klrebu: MAlsj0en 1 ~ (The MuseumUniv. Trondheim): NTI, Steinkjer: Steinkjer1 ~ . NSY, Bod0: Bod0 I ~ 1 ~ , Falkflaugvann3 ~~ 1 ~ ,Falkflaug, upper Falkflaug 8~~ 3 ~~ (two partly damaged Bibio malesprobably also belong here), Urskar, Kronli 3~~ 1 ~,Urskar, Skuti 4 ~~, Valnes, Sjagand5 ~~ 6 ~~ ; GildeskAI: Oterstranda 9 ~~ 6~~ . NSI, Hemnes: Sklirelvdal 2 ~~ (RanaMuseum 2350); Rana: Kvandalen VP 43572~~ (Rana Museum 2983), Kvandalen VP4356 I ~ (Rana Museum 2980), KvandalenVP 4257 2 ~~ (Rana Museum 2969, 2857),Straumbygd 1 ~ (Rana Museum 2983); Beiam:KvAI 1 ~ 1 ~ , Solh0Y 1 ~ ; Saltdal:Rognan 4 ~~ 1 ~ . NN0, Hamar0Y: Fjelltunat Krakmo 1 ~ . TRY, Troms0: Troms0ya 1~ ; Kvrefjord: Borkenes 1 ~ ,Straumsbotn 2~~ 2 ~~. TRI, Bardu: Setermoen 2 ~~ 1 ~.DISCUSSIONThe distribution ofB. nigriventris in Norwayis shown in Fig. 1, and plotted in EIS squares.B. nigriventris is commonly distributed in thelowlands north to Troms province. Pecina(1965) reported B. nigriventris from alpineareas in Middle-Europe, but did not statehow high up into the mountains the specimenswere collected. In Norwegian mountainsB. nigriventris is however, not recordedin the alpine zone (above the tree line), and itis not common in subalpine areas either. Thelocality having the highest elevation is Raubekken,Kongsvoll, South-Tr0ndelag provincewhere one female was taken in a Malaise-trapat 900 m a.s.l. Solem (1985) describedthis site as sub-alpine zone with birchforest. The surroundings of Kongsvoll in theDovrefjell mountains, South Norway, hasthrough several years been surveyed throughoutthe month June to Octover, and a numberof Malaise-traps were used in the middle-,low- and the subalpine zones, but only thisone female was collected. The Bibionidaefauna ofthe Dovrefjell mountains were describedby Greve et al. (1984). Neither was B.nigriventris represented in the IBP collectionsfrom the middle and low alpine zones atHardangervidda.Similar sites to the one in the subalpinezone where B. nigriventris was collected atKongsvoll are one at Geilo at approximately700 m a.s.l., and another at Mj0lfjell at 670 ma.s.l. where B. nigriventris was collected inMalaise-traps during the summers 1985 and1986. These data indicate that B. nigriventrisoccurs in the subalpine zone, but is scarcehere. Other sites where B. nigriventris hasbeen collected are mostly far below theselevels.Pecina (1965) described B. nigriventris asan eurytopical and forest species. This descriptionfits well with the data from Norway,where most specimens have been collected inthe vicinity of or in decidious or mixed forests.Since sweep nets are not the best collectingmethod in forest habitats this maypartly explain why a common species like B.nigriven'ris is scarce in older collections. TheNorwegian material shows that outside forests,B. nigriventris may occur in herbage,gardens, and sometimes in meadows. Pecina(1965) also mentioned habitats similar tothese, and remarks also that in contrast toother Bibio species which swarm in greatnumbers, B. nigriventris often occur in low33

numbers at the sites. This is a trend in theNorwegian collections also, and especiallywhen a sweep-net has been used for collecting.The flight period of B. nigriventris isshown in Fig. 2, and here material from occasionalcatches and Malaise-traps have beenconsidered. The flight period ofB. nigriventrisis found to be late May to first part of Julyin southern Norway, while the records fromnorthern Norway indicate late July to earlyAugust. This delay is certainly caused by alater spring in northern Norway comparedwith southern Norway. The climatic variationsthat occur from the extreme coast toareas having more continental climate doesnot influence on the flight period of B. nigriventris.Specimens appeared in Malaise trapsat the same time at these two areas.The earliest record on an annual basis isrepresented by a specimen taken 5 May atHolmsbu, Hurum, Buskerud province, andthe latest record is 4 August at Urskar, Bod0,Nordland. Freeman & Lane (1985) noted theflight period to be May-July at the BritishIsles, which is fairly similar to the flight periodin southern Norway. Pecina (1965) reportedthe flight period to be May--June inthe lowlands while specimens were collectedin late July in the mountains ofCzechoslovakia.The flight period of B. nigriventris in themountains of Czechoslovakia correspondswith the few findings in the Norwegian montains.In the total material the sex ratio is I: I. InMalaise-trap collections, however, the malesoutnumbered the females, e.g. at B0, Hurum:Tofte, the sex ratio was 2 males per I female.This indicate that the males move aroundmuch more than the females.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am indepted to J.E. Raastad, Museum ofZoology, University of Oslo, John O. Solem,The Museum, University of Trondheim andPer Straumfors, Rana Museum for loan ofmaterial. My thanks are due to the followingpersons who collected parts of the material:Tor & Sissel Fjelldal, Bergen; Fred Midtgaard,As; Tore R. Nielsen, Sandnes; and last,but not least my collegues Torstein Solh0Yand Arild Fjeldsa.REFERENCESFreeman, P. & Lane, R.P. 1985. Bibionid andScatopsid flies. Diptera: Bibionidae and Scatopsidae.Hand. ident. Br. Insects 9 (7). 74 pp.London.Greve, L. 1986. Bibio marci (L. 1758) (Dipt. Bibionidae)new to the Norwegian fauna. Faunanorv. Ser. B 33, 103.Greve, L., Solem, 1.0. & Olsen, A. 1984. Distributionand flight periods of Bibionidae (Dipt.)in the Dovrefjell mountains near Kongsvoll,Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 31,88­91.Hackman, W. 1980. A checklist of Finnish Diptera.I. Nematocera and Brachycera (s.str.) Notulent. 60, 17-48.Haenni, 1.-P. 1982. Revision des especes europeennesde groupe de Dilophus febrilis (L.) avecdescription d'une espece nouvelle (Diptera, Bibionidae).Revue suissl! Zool. 89, 337-354.Pecina, P. 1965. Bohemian March-flies (Diptera,Bibionidae) in the National Museum, Prague.Sb. fauna Praci ent. Odd. mir. Mus. Praze 11,285-297.Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeratio Insectorum NorvegicorumFasciculum IV. Catalogum DipterorumContinentem. A.W. Br0gger, Christiania. 255pp.Strand, E. 1913. Neue Beitrage zur AnthropodenfaunaNorwegens nebst gelegentlichen Bemerkungeniiber Deutsche arten. XVI-XX. XVI.Lundstrom: Diptera Nematocera. Nyt Mag. Naturv.51, p. 311.Solem, 1.0. 1985. Distribution and biology ofcaddisflies (Trichoptera) in Dovrefjell mountains,Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 32,62-79.Verbeke, 1. 1971. Bibionidae de la fauna Beige. I.Le genre Bibio Geoffroy. Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat.Berg. 47, 1-22.Wahlgren, E. 1919. Diptera. F0rsta underordningen.Myggor. Nemocera. Fam. Bibionidae.Svensk insektsfauna, 131-140.Received 25 April 198634

Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805) (Dipt.Meganlerinidae) in NorwayLITA GREVE AND FRED MIDTGAARDGreve, L. & Midtgaard, F. 1987. Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805) (Dip!. Megamerinidae)in Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34, 35-36.Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805) (Dip!. Megamerinidae) is recorded from Frogn,Hli0ya in Akershus county. This is the second record from Norway, and the first innearly 140 years. One male was sorted out from Malaise-trapped material caughtbetween 3-16 June 1984.Uta Greve, Zoological Museum, University ofBergen, N-5007 Bergen Uni v., Norway.Fred Midtgaard, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, p.a. Box 61 N-1432 As-NLH,Norway.In connection with a study of the insect fauna len (pers. comm.) has informed us that M.of Ha0ya in the Oslofjord, light-traps, win­ dolium probably developes in rotten wooddow-traps and Malaise-traps have been used though it has not been proved. Specimensin the years 1983 and 1984. In material col­ have in England been caught close to decayedlected in a Malaise-trap between 3-16 June1984, one male Megamerina dolium wasfound. The trap was placed in an open decidiousforest with Tilia, Ulmus and Quercusnear old oak trees with dead branches. Theforest in this part of the island has been partlyprotected for decades, and a proportionalhigh number of dead and decaying trees canbe found in this area. The bottom vegetationwas rich. The trap was operated from April toSeptember 1984. The island HA0ya (EIS 28)is in Frogn community and Akershus county.No more specimens were found in this trap(A), and no specimens at all in another trap(B) positioned on the island during 1984.Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805) isthe only representative of the family Megamerinidaein Scandinavia. Megamerinidae isa very small fly family numbering between- -­-- ~ - - - - -~15-20 species on a world basis. The family ----- - - - --­-. - - -- -is usually placed in the superfamily Psiloidea·­(Rohdendorf 1974).M. dolium is a fly of medium size, slender,8-10 mm long. Most ofthe head, thorax andabdomen is black. In dry specimens the lowerpart around the eyes are with a silvery shinewhich looks black in alcohol fixated specimens.Hind femora with two rows of short,Fig. 1. Upper: Head of Megamerina dolium (Fa­stout spines - see Fig. 1.bricius).Until recently little information was to be Lower: Hind leg - femur; note the two rows offound on the biology of M. dolium. A.A. AI- ventral spines.Fauna norv. Ser. B. 34: 35-36. Oslo 1987.35

treestumps and near fallen timber, and onespecimen has been reared from a pupa foundunder oak (Quercus) bark in April (Chandler,1975). Chandler (1975) and AlIen(1983) both mention localities of older forest- mixed woodland and older park area.M. dolium has been recorded once earlierfrom Norway as Lissa loxocerina Fallen bySiebke (1877). It was found in the botanicalgarden at T0yen in Oslo August 1st. 1847.The specimen, a female, is present in ZoologicalMuseum of Oslo. In the Zoological Museumof Oslo one additional specimen, a malecollected by Esmark and labelled «Oslo»only, was found. This is the only material inNorwegian museums. The name M. loxocerinaFallen 1829 was synonymized by Hennig(1941) in his revision of the Megamerinidae.Lyneborg (1962) reports M. dolium as distributedall over Denmark, but not common.In Sweden it is a southern species distributednorth to the provinces Bohuslan, Vastergotland,Oland and Gotland (Ringdahl 1960).Waiter Hackman (pers. comm.) has informedus that M. dolium is distributed in SW-Finland,and that it is a rare species there.M. dolium is probably a rare fly also inNorway. It is doubtful that the Botanical gardentoday can sustain populations of fliesdeveloping in rotten wood or fallen timber. Itis noteworthy that in a survey of anotherisland, Ost0ya, in the inner Oslofjord withMalaise-traps, window-traps and netting duringthe years 1982 to 1984, no specimenswere found even though localities should besuitable for M. dolium. Parts ofouter Vestfoldhave also been surveyed during the last years,but no specimens of this species have beenfound.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are most grateful to the following peoplefor information on the distribution of M. dolium:A.A. AlIen, London (England), W.Hackman, Helsingfors (Finland) and U.Qvick, Eskilstuna (Sweden).REFERENCESAlIen, A.A. 1983. Further notable Diptera fromWindsor forest. Ent. Rec. J. Var. 95, 24.Chandler, P.l. 1975. Notes on the British status ofthree unusual Acalypterate flies (Diptera).Proc. Brit. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 8, 66-72.Lyneborg, L. 1962. Danske acalyptrate fluer. 1.Ent. Meddr. 31, 249-264.Hennig, W. 1941. Megamerinidae. - In Lindner,E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen region5 (39b), 1-4.Ringdahl, O. 1960. Flugfaunaen pl\ Kullaberg ochHallands Viidero. Kullabergs Natur 2, 1-40.Rohdendorf, B. 1974. The Historical developmentof Diptera. English Etd. The University of AlbertaPress, Alberta. 360 pp.Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeratio lnsectorum Norvegicorum.Fasciculum IV. Catalogum DipterorumContinentem. A.W. Br0gger. Christiania, 255pp.Received 3 Febr. 198636

New Norwegian Empididae (s.str.) (Dipt.)TERJE JONASSENJonassen, T. 1987. New Norwegian Empididae (s.str.) (Dipt.). Fauna norv. Ser. B 34,37--40.Thirty species of Empididae (s.str.) are reported new to the Norwegian fauna.Terje Jonassen, N-4170 Sjernar0Y, Norway.INTRODUCTIONBelow are given data for 30 species of Empididae(s.str.) that do not seem to be reportedfrom Norway previously. Of these, at leastfive species are new to Scandinavia. This indicatesthat these flies have received relativelylittle attention from preceding Norwegianentomologists. This especially refers tothe Hemerodromiinae where the total numberof Norwegian species hereby is increasedby 55 per cent, from 18 to a total number of28. The Hemerodromiinae are also poorlyknown on a European basis, as indicated bythe scattered records for some of the species(e.g. Hemerodromia, cf. Vaillant 1981). Thisis probably due to their inconspiciousness,both in general appearance and in theirchoice of habitats. They are most commonlyfound in damp situations. I have capturedspecimens in low herbage near water, on mudbanks, on wet rocks and damp moss in andnear streams. The Hydrodromia species haveall been captured skating on minor accumulationsof water, where they at some localitiesare dominant species in the very early days ofspring.The specimens from HA0ya have all beencollected by Fred Midtgaard. Elsewhere,when nothing else is mentioned, the specimenshave been collected by the author and isdeposited in the author's collection. A few ofthe specimens are deposited in the Museum ofZoology, Bergen (ZMB).The identifications follow the works ofEngel (1938-1954), Frey (1954-56), Collin(1961), Straka (1975), Vaillant (1981)and Bartak (1982). Some of my Rhamphomyiaspecies have been verified by Dr. MiroslavBartak, Pecky, Czechoslovakia, whilesome of the Hemerodromiinae have beenchecked by Dr. Riidiger Wagner, Schlitz,FauNl no,.". Se,. B. 34: 37-40. Oslo 1987.Germany (MB and RW, respectively, below).The geographical division of the districtsfollows 0kland (1981).SYSTEMATIC LISTSubfamily EmpidinaeRhagas unica WalkerAK, Frogn: HA0ya, EIS 28, 5-19 May 1984,1 a , 1 ~ (Malaise trap A), 2 aa , 1 ~(Malaise trap B); 3-16 June 1984, 1 ~ (Ma­laise trap A); 19 May-3 June 1984, 1 a(Malaise trap B); RI, Forsand: Songesandskule, EIS 7, 4 June 1983, 1 ~.Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) a/bidiventrisStroblAK, Frogn: HA0ya, EIS 28,19 May-3 June1984, 1 ~ ; RI, Forsand: Songesand skule,EIS 7,5 June 1984, 1 ~ (MB). This species iseasily distinguished in the female sex due toits white abdomen. There are still some slightincertitude concerning the males of the spe­cies, which Frey originally described underthe name of wo/dstedti. He subsequently sy­nonymized these males with a/bidiventris, ofwhich Strobl's type specimen is a female.There seem, however, not to be any recordsof males and females taken in copula.R. (Pararhamphomyia) a/bipennis (Fallen)RY, Finn0Y: Kyrkj0Y, EIS 14,20 May 1986,1 a.R. (Pararhamphomyia) micropyga CollinAK, Frogn: HA0ya, EIS 28, 19 May-3 June1984, 4 ~~ (Malaise trap A). A rather littleknown species with previous records fromGreat Britain and Czechoslovakia only (Bartak1982).37

R. (Pararhamphomyia) murina CollinVAY, Flekkefjord: Djupvik, EIS 4,29 May1982, 3 0' 0' (MB); RI, Forsand: Songesandskule, EIS 7, 4 June 1982, 10'; 15 May 1984,70'0' leg. Helene Moen; 24 May 1984,20'0' ;27 May 1984, 1 0' ; 13 May 1985, 1 0' leg.Tom E. N0kling; 28 May 1985, 1 0' ; towardsSunnmork, EIS 14,2 June 1985,30'0', 3 ~~.(1 0' , 1 ~ in 2MB); Helmikst01, EIS 8, 1 0' .As with the above species, murina is previouslyknown from Great Britain and Czechoslovakiaonly (Bartlik 1982, and in litt.). Takenmost abundantly on and around Salix,Betula and similar vegetation in the subarcticzone.R. (Pararhamphomyia) nitidicol/is FreyAK, Frogn: HA0ya, EIS 28,19 May--3 June1984, 2 0'0' ; 3-16 June 1984, 1 0' (allMalaise trap B); RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS7,4 June 1983, 2 ~~; 20 May 1984,10'; 24May 1984, 1 ~; 27 May 1984, 120'0' , 7 ~~(20'0' , 2 ~~ in 2MB); 28 May 1985,50'0' ,2~~ ; Skurvedalen/Songesandst01en, EIS 7,31 May 1984, 2 0'0' , 1 ~ ; Helmikst01 towardsForest0len, EIS 8, 2 June 1985, 1 0' ;towards Sunnmork, EIS 14,2 June 1985, 1~. Very common at the localities in Forsandon the leaves of Betula ultimo MayIprimoJune. No swarming was observed.R. (Pararhamphomyia) simplex ZetterstedtRY, HA: Brusand, EIS 3,11-12 June 1985,1 0' . This typically coastal species was sweptup from the vegetation surrounding a salinepool at the beach.R. (Patarhamphomyia) tibieUa ZetterstedtVAY, Kristiansand: Stangenes, EIS 2, 5 June1983, 1 0' leg. S. Svendsen; RY, Sandnes:H01e, EIS 7, 4 June 1982, 2 0'0' , 1 ~ ; RI,Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, 9 June 1983, 1 0';29 May 1984, 1 0' .R. (Pararhamphomyia) unguiculata FreyVAY, Flekkefjord: Djupvik, EIS 4, 29 May1982, 1 0' , 1 ~ ; RI, Forsand, Songesand, EIS7, IJune 1983, 1 0' (MB), 1 ~; 17 June 1983,1 0' (MB); 6 June 1984, 1 0' (ZMB).R. (s.str.) coracina ZetterstedtSTI, Oppdal: Kongsvoll (900-1000 ma.s.l.), EIS 79, 19 June 1967, 1 0' leg. A.L0ken (MB) (ZMB). A mountain and northernspecies previously known from themiddle and northern parts of Sweden andFinland in addition to Northern Germany.Empis (s.str.) bicuspidata CollinOS, Nord-Aurdal: Vasetdansen (770 m a.s.l.),EIS 44, 11 July 1982, 1 0' leg. K. Rognes.E. (Coptophlebia) hyalipennis FallenVAY, Flekkefjord: Hidra, KrAkedal, EIS 4,25-30 July 1981 (Malaise trap), 1 ~ leg. AlfJ. Nilsen; RY, Finn0y: Eik, Sjernar0Y, EIS14,13 August 1985, 1 ~; Kyrkj0Y, EIS 14,14August 1985, 1 0' ; RI, Forsand: Songesandskule, EIS 7, 2 August 1983, 1 0' ; Helmikst01,EIS 8, 20 August 1984,40'0' ,3 ~~ . Noprevious Norwegian records, but probablyrather widespread. Also present in the collectionsin 2MB (Lita Greve Jensen in litt.).Hilara canescens ZetterstedtRY, Sandnes: H01e, EIS 7, 22 July 1982, 50'0' , 1 ~ ; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, 28June 1984,10'; 18 July 1984,10'; 8 August1984, 1 0' ; 23 July 1985, 1 ~ ; Helmikst01,EIS 8,25 July 1985, 1 0' ; HOI, Etne: nearAustreim, EIS 23, 26-30 June 1985 (Malaisetrap), 1 ~ leg. Lita Greve Jensen (ZMB).Although no previous records are available,the species is probably not uncommon inNorway and has in the past possible beenconfused with other species. There are alsoadditional specimens present in 2MB (LitaGreve Jensen in litt.).H. cornicula LoewAK, Frogn: HA0ya, EIS 28,19 May-3 June1984,10'; 3-16 June 1984,30'0', 8 ~~ (allMalaise trap A).H. flavipes MeigenRI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, 2 August1983, 1 0' ; 19 July 1984, 3 0'0' ; 23 July1985, 1 0' (ZMB), 1 ~.Fl. implicata CollinRY, Finn0Y: Eik, Sjernar0Y, EIS 14, 13 August1985, 1 ~ . Distinguished from relatedspecies by the dull blacK: head and the pair ofbristles each side of the pronotum. All otherdiagnostical features agree closely with Collin's(1961) description. This species has previouslybeen known from British specimensonly. As with the specimen at hand, the Britishspecimens have all been captured in August.38

A,H. obscura MeigenRY, Rennes0Y: F0rsvoll, EIS 14, 26 July)982, 1 0- ; Sel, EIS 14, 10 July 1983, 1 0- .The gentalia ofthe latter have been examinedand they agree closely with the figures givenby Collin (1961) and Straka (1975).H. pilosa ZetterstedtAK, Frogn, HA0ya, EIS 28,19 May-3 June1984, 2 0-0- , 6 ~~ (Malaise trap A), 1 0­(Malaise trap B). Although Siebke (1877, ci­ting Zetterstedt) includes this species asNorwegian, Collin (1961) has subsequentlyidentified the Norwegian specimens as be­longing to scrobiculata Loew. Thus, the spe­cimens from HA0ya are the first Norwegianrecords of the true pilosa.H. platyura LoewAK, Frogn: HA0ya, EIS 28, 16-27 June1984, 1 0- . The genitalia of this specimenhave been examined, and they agree closelywith the figures given by Coliin (1961).H. submaura CollinHOI, Voss: 4 km east of Mj0lfjell (670 m), 8June-13 July 1985 (Malaise trap), 1 ~ leg.L. Greve (ZMB). A species within the Hilaramaura-complex, distinguishable in the femalesby the combination ofslender hind femoraand yellow knees.Subfamily HemerodromiinaeChelipoda vocatoria (Fallen)RY, Sandnes: Melshei, EIS 7, 3 August 1982,1 0- (RW); Rennes0Y: VikevAg, EIS 14, 2September 1981, 1 0- . By older authors oftenconfused with the similar C. albiseta Zetterstedt.Thus the Chelipoda specimens capturedby Boheman in the Dovre mountains (Siebke1877, under albiseta), could in fact wellbe vocatoria.Chelifera concinnicauda ColiinRY, Sandnes: Melshei, EIS 7, 3 August 1982,1 0- , 1 ~ (RW); RI, Forsand: Songesandst0­len, EIS 7, 30-31 July 1984,20-0-, 1 ~ (ofwhich the female and one male are depositedin 2MB); Kvernavatn, EIS 15,30 July 1984,2 0-0- . Until recently known from Britishspecimens only. Vaillant (1981) has howeverfound the species to be abundant in SwedishLapland, from where there are several specimensdeposited at the University ofLund. Hehas also shown concinnicauda to be conspecificwith Ch. lapponica Frey. The species hasalso been taken in France and Mongolia.Chelifera precabunda CollinRY, Rennes0Y: F0rsvoll, EIS 14,26 August1982, 1 ~ (RW); RI, Forsand: Songesand,EIS 7,18 July 1984, 1 0-; 9 August 1984, 1~;2 September 1984,10-; Helmikst01, EIS 8, 5September 1982, 1 ~ , (RW); 10 August1984, 1 0- ; 20 August 1984, 1 0- ; HOI, Voss:4 km east of Mj0lfjell (670 m), EIS 41, 13July-3August 1985, 1 ~and3August -21September 1985, 2 0-0- , 3 ~~ L. Greve leg.(Malaise trap) (ZMB). Previously knownfrom Great Britain and continental Europe(Vaillant 1981). These are the first recordsfrom Scandinavia.Hemerodromia adulatoria CollinRY, Rennes0Y: F0rsvoll, EIS 14, 11 June1982, 3 0-0- , 1 ~ (RW). This is the firstrecord to be published from Scandinavia. Ithas, however, also been captured near UmeAin Sweden (R. Wagner in litt.). Previouslyrecorded from Great Britain (Collin 1961)and France (Vaillant 1981) only.Hemerodromia raptoria (Meigen)RY, Klepp: 0ksnevad, EIS 7,15 June 1982,1 0- , 2 ~~ (RW); RI, Forsand: Helmikst01,EIS 8, 4 June 1985, 1 0- . A distinctive spe­cies, previously known from Great Britain,Germany and Sweden (Vaillant 1981).Trichopeza longicornis (Meigen)RY, Sandnes: Melshei, EIS 7, 6 July 1982,20-0- , 2 ~~ ; RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7,29 June 1983, 1 ~; 13 August 1983, 1 ~; 18July 1984,20-0- ; 2 July 1985, 1 0- ,2 ~~ (ofwhich the male and one female are depositedin 2MB).Clinocera (s.str.) nigra MeigenRI, Forsand: Helmikst01, EIS 8, 20 August1984, 1 ~ .C. (Hydrodromia) jontinalis (Haliday)RY, Rennes0Y: VikevAg, EIS 14,26 August1984, 1 0- (ZMB); RI, Forsand: Songesand,EIS 7,13 March 1983,20-0-, 2 ~~ (RW); 22April 1984, 1 ~ ; 28 April 1984, 1 0- .C. (Hydrodromia) stagnalis (Haliday)RY, Gjesdal: Idland, EIS 7, 4 October 1981,1 0- ; Rennes0Y: Vikevag, EIS 14, 25 July1982, 1 ~ .39

C. (Hydrodromia) wesmaelii (Macquart)RI, Forsand: Songesand, EIS 7, 13 April1982, 1 0- ; 2 October 1982, 1 ~ ; 13 March1983,60-0- ,2 ~~ , 1 o-~ (in copula)(RW)( 10- , 1 ~ in 2MB); 31 March 1983, 1 ~ ; 1 April1983, 1 ~ .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMy sincere thanks go to F. Midtgaard, A.-J.Nilsen, K. Rognes and S. Svendsen for thegifts of material; to L. Greve J ensen for helpwith literature, information and loan of specimensfrom 2MB; to Dr. M. Bartak, Pecky,and Dr. R. Wagner, Schlitz, for kindly havingchecked some of my identifications; and toMr. Tor Aasen, Sjernar0Y, for checking thelanguage.REFERENCESBartak, M. 1982. The Czechoslovak species ofRhamphomyia (Diptera, Empididae), withdescription of a new species from Central Europe.Acta Univ. Carolinae-Biol. 1980, 381­461.Collin, J.E. 1961. British flies. VI: Empididae.Cambridge University Press, 782 pp.Engel, E.G. 1938-1954. Empididae. - In: E.Lindner (ed.): Die Fliegen der palaearktischenRegion, Band IV 4, 1-400.Frey, R. 1954-56. Empididae. - In: E. Lindner(ed.): Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region,Band IV, 4, 400-639.Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum.Fasciculum IV. Catalogum DipterorumContinentem. A. W Br8gger, Christiania,255 pp.Straka, V. 1975. Spracovanie rodu Hilara Meig.(Diptera, Empididae) na uzem'i CSSR. BiologickePrtice 5: 1-155.Vaillant, F. 1981. Dipteres Empididae Hemerodromiinaenouveaux ou peu connus de la regionpalearctique (premiere partie). Bonn.zool. Beitr., 32: 351-408.0kland, K.A. 1981. Inndeling av Norge til brukved biogeografiske oppgaver - et revidertStrandsystem. Fauna, Oslo 34,167-178.Received 2 June 198640

Influence of temperature on the egg-stage of'Capnopsis schilleri (Plecoptera; Capniidae)l0YVIND HALANDHAland, 0. 1987, Influence of temperature on the egg-stage of Capnopsis schilleri(Plecoptera; Capniidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B 34,41-44.The egg incubation time, the hatching success and the duration of the hatching of eggsof Cap.nopsis schil/eri were studied at seven different constant temperatures (2°_24°C) In the laboratory. The mean incubation time in the interval 4°-20°C could bedescri~ed by the equation Y = 429.T_1,24 where Y is time in days and T is temperature.Eggs did not hatch at 2 C, and only a few at 24°C, where they needed more time than at20°C. The eggs needed on average 264 day-degrees to hatch.0yvind HAland, Zoological Museum, University of Oslo, Sarsgt. I, N-0562 Oslo 5,Norway.Present address: Horvnesvn. 106,8800 Sandnessj0en, Norway.INTRODUCTIONIn their study of the egg biology of the stoneflyCapnia atra Morton, Brittain et al. (1984)found that different populations differed inegg size and size of l.st instar nymphs, butshow~d basically the same relationship betweenegg incubation time and temperature.The last mentioned fact made it possible alsoto predict the hatching time of eggs fromother populations.One aim ofthe present study was to investigatethe relationship between egg incubationtime and temp.erature in a population of Capnopsisschilleri (Rostock) in the vicinity ofOslo. C. schilleri is distributed throughoutmost of Europe, and has also been found inTunisia in North Africa (Berthelemy 1973).It is thus subjected to very different environmentalconditions, but still probably maintainsa univoltine life cycle everywhere(Berthelemy 1973, Lillehammer 1975b). Apaper under preparation will report on thestudy of the life cycle of C. schi//eri in thestream Sreterbekken near Oslo, where theeggs for this study were collected.Another aim ofthis study was to see ifthereis any tendency towards ovovivipary in C.schil/eri. This phenomenon has been observedin other species of the Capniidae (see Le.Harper & Hynes 1972).I Contribution No. 195, Zoological Museum,University of Oslo.The egg biology of C. schil/eri has beenstudied to some degree before by Berthelemy(1973) under fluctuating temperatures, andby Lillehammer (1975b) under 4°C constanttemperature. Lillehammer (1975b) foundquite great differences in egg incubation timefor two different egg batches of C. schil/eri.MATERIAL AND METHODSAdult of C. schilleri were captured by thestream Sreterbekken near Oslo, Norway, inMay and June 1978 and 1979. The stream isd~scribed by Lillehammer (1975a), who alsogives temperature data for the stream over aperiod of three years. The adults werebrought to the laboratory in plastic boxes10-20 individuals in each box. In the bQxe~were also some moss, twigs, leaves, and asmall petri dish with water from the stream.The flies copulated in the boxes and laid theireggs in the dish. By having many flies in thesame box I got many eggs, but there might beseveral females who deposited their eggs inthe dish at the same time, so I could not knowthe size of the individual egg batches. In thefollowing the eggs found in a dish at one timeis treated as one egg batch. When eggs werefound in a dish, the dish was remov.ed, theegg.s were counted, and the dish was placed inan IDcubator, while a new dish was put in itsplace.6521 eggs in 25 batches were deposited.FaJPIQ no",. SeT. B. 34: 41-44. Oslo 1987.41

The incubators, with almost constant temperature(±0,5°C) and constant darkness,were set at 4°C intervals: 4, 8,12,16,20 and24°C. A cold room at approximately 2°C(±1 0c) was also used. The eggs were inspecteddaily for hatching until all eggs had hatchedor the remaining eggs were either discolouredor destroyed by fungi. The incubationtime of the whole egg batch was consideredto be the time from the egg laying until50% of the eggs that eventually would hatchhad hatched (Brittain 1977).Table 1. Number of eggs laid (N) and hatched(N'), %hatching, mean incubation time and variationin incubation time for eggbatches of C. sehilleri.Temp. N N' Hatch. % Mean.ink.timeVar.2 69 0 04 113 54 47,8 77 68-9369 5 7,2 68 67-69682 668 97,9 73 61-87132 56 42,4 71 63-858 334 329 98,5 38 30-45832 811 97,5 39 30-55525 504 96,0 37 30-4870 14 20,0 38 38-4212 182 180 98,9 20 19-27295 294 99,7 18 15-254562392486,738,7162015-1718-22360 320350 19088,954,3232218-2619-3016 119 119 100,0 11 9-15899 894 99,4 15 11-25186 157 84,4 14 10-1820 137 137 100,0 11 9-15266 264 99,3 11 9-1350 48 96,0 11 10-1662 62 100,0 9 7-1224 19 11 57,9 10 9-14650 63 9,7 13 9-1513 4 30,8 12 11-21N =6521 N' =524742'DO! "':50I"".­:"'. .\... :lJ \ .4 8 12 18 20 24Fig. 1. The mean incubation time of egg batches ofC. sehilleri plotted on log. paper with regressionline.RESULTSThe results of the egg incubation studies aregiven in Tab. 1, and pooled for each temperaturein Fig. 1. The egg incubation time whichwas clearly dependent on temperature, decreasedas the temperature increased. The eggsdid not hatch at 2°C and only a few hatchedat 24°C. At this high temperature it seemsthat the incubation time increased again, butthis might be an artifact caused by the lownumber of eggs. If the data from 24°C areignored, the rest fit very well the regressionline Y =429.T-l,24, (r = 0,985) where Y istime in days and T is temperature in QC.The eggs hatched with no sign of delayedhatching with the possible exception of 24°C.The hatching success varied with temperature(see Tab. 1), and also for different eggbatches. The highest hatching success was inthe tempt:rature interval of 8-20°C, but oneegg batch at 4°C also had a very high hatchingsuccess.The egr;s needed on average 264 day-degreesabove O°C to hatch, but the variationwas big; 120-500 day-degrees (Fig. 2). Thelowest heatsum was needed between 12 and20°C.The method used does not allow an assessmentof the number ofeggs deposited in each

· soo8 12 16 20 24Fig. 2. Day-degrees needed for eggs at differenttemperatures. The stippled line is the mean for alltemperatures. The mean value for each temperatureis also indicated.egg batch from each female, since severalfemales could have laid eggs in the same dishat the same time.Newly laid eggs did not show any visiblesign of an embryo.DISCUSSIONThe egg incubation time of C. schilleri isclearly temperature dependent. Other factorsinfluencing the incubation time are individualvariation within the egg batch and variationbetween egg batches from different females,as well as differences between the differentegg batches from a single female. Thesame pattern is revealed in the study of Brittain(1977) on Taeniopteryx nebulosa (L)(Taeniopterygidae) and the studies of Saltveit(1977), Brittain (1978) and Rekstad(1979) on different species of Nemouridae,though with different inclination of the regressionline for the different species. Lillehammer(l975b) found different incubationtime for different egg batches at the sametemperature for several species of Capniidae,Nemouridae and Leuctridae. Late in thisstudy I started wondering wether the size ofthe egg batch had any influence on the incubationtime and especially on the hatchingsuccess, since some of the smallest batchesdiffered a little from the others. This might bebecause these batches were the last ofseveralbatches from the same female, but with smallerresources. It would be interesting to followthis line of investigation further.Probably there are also differences betweendifferent populations regarding the relationshipbetween incubation time and temperature.Brittain (1978) and Rekstad (1979),who investigated populations of Nemurellapictetii Klapalek from a high mountain siteand a lowland site respectively, found somedifferences. But Brittain et al. (1984) foundthat population differences made no significantcontribution to variation in egg incuba­:ion time in Capnia atra. Probably the results)fthis study are generally applicable to otherJopulations of C. schilleri, but some variationis to be expected. The only study that hasbeen made of another population is the studyof Berthelemy (1973) from Tunisia, but heused fluctuating temperatures, so it is difficultto make a direct comparison.The high hatching success at very diversetemperatures would indicate that C. schillericould thrive under very different environmentalconditions, no one temperature beingclearly optimal for the egg stage. Since therewas no sign of diapause or delayed hatchingor ovovivipary, the regulation of the lifecycle to suit the different conditions the specieswill meet must be in other stages of thelife cycle, namely the nymphal stage. Berthelemy(1973) says that C. schilleri in Tunisiahas a diapause in the larval stage during thehot summer.The egg development of C. schilleri inNorway is quick; 6 eggs hatched after only 7days in one egg batch at 20°C. Since the eggswere inspected only once every day there is apossibility that these eggs were laid nearlyone day before the batch was registered andhatched just before the first nymphs werediscovered. This could mean that the realjevelopment time is 8 days and not 7. Thislpplies to all the eggs on all temperatures of;ourse, but is a relatively greater source of~rror at the highest temperatures. To have~xact development time one would have toinspect the eggs much more often, but this isnot always possible.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMany thanks are due to Curator Or. PhiI. A.Lillehammer for supervising the study andgiving good advice, to Cand. real. Jan Brekkefor help with the statistics and to Cand. phil.Knut Pettersen for correcting the English.REFERENCESBerthelemy, C. 1973. Donnees preliminaires surles Plecopteres de Tunisie. Verh. Internal. Ver.Theor. Angew. Limnol. 18, 1544-1548.43

Brittain, J.E. 1977. The effect of temperature onthe egg incubation period of Taeniopteryx nebulosa(L.) (Plecoptera). Oikos 29, 302-305.Brittain, J.E. 1978. Semivoltinism in a mountainpopulation of Nemurella pietetii (Plecoptera).Oikos 30, 1-6.Brittain, J.E., Lillehammer, A. & Saltveit, S.J.1984. The effect of temperature on intraspecificvariation in egg biology and nymphal size inthe stonefly, Capnia atra (Plecoptera). J.Anim. Ecot. 53, 161-169.Lillhammer, A. 1975a. Norwegian stoneflies Ill.Field studies on ecological factors influencingdistribution. Norw. J. Ent. 22, 71-80.Lillehammer, A. 1975b. Norwegian stoneflies IV.Laboratory studies on ecological factors influencingdistribution. Norw. J. Ent. 22, 99-108.Rekstad, O. 1979. Vekst- og livssyklusstudier avtre steinfluearter (Fam. Nemouridae) fra S0rkedalen.UnpubI. thesis, Univ. Oslo, 46 pp.Saltveit, S.J. 1977. Felt- og laboratoriestudier pAsteinfluer (Plecoptera) i S0rkedalselven, Oslo,med spesiell vekt pA slekten Amphinemura.UnpubI. thesis, Univ. Oslo, 244 pp.Received 24 June 198644

Distribution and seasonal abundance of adult.stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the Dovrefjell NationalPark, South Norway*JOHN O. SOLEM, JARLE STEINKJER AND SIMEN BRETTENSolem, J.O., Steinkjer, J. & Bretten, S. 1987. Distribution and seasonal abundance ofadult stoneflies (Plecoptera) i n the Dovrefjell National Park, South Norway. Faunanorv. Ser. B, 34, 45-50.Emergence traps and Malaise traps used at 12 sites in the Dovrefjell National Parkcaught 24 species of adult stoneflies. Their relative abundance and the number of siteseach species were collected at, showed that 13 species, Arcynopteryx compacta, Diurananseni, Isoperla obscura, Brachyptera risi, Amphinemura standfussi, A. sulcicollis,Nemoura cinerea, Nemurella pictetU, Protonemura meyeri, Capnia atra, Leuctrafusca,L. hippopus and L. nigra were widespread and common in the National Park. Theremaining II species had a restricted distribution, but may be locally abundant. Diurabicaudata, Dinocras cephalotes, Siphonoperla burmeisteri, Amphinemura borealis,Nemoura avicularis, and Capnia pygmaea were collected at one site only.John O. Solem and Jarle Steinkjer, University of Trondheim, The Museum ErlingSkakkesgt. 47A, N-7000 Trondheim, Norway.'Simen Bretten, University of Trondheim, Kongsyoll Biological station, N-7340 Opp­dal, Norway.INTRODUCTIONconsidered a reference area, and the presentIn a large scale the stonefly fauna of Norwaypaper give data on the distribution, abuniswell known, and the greatest contributiondance and flight periods ofthe stonefly faunato the occurrence and distribution is given by in the Dovrefjell National Park.Lillehammer (1973, 1974). However, thestonefly fauna, or for that matter, the insect STUDY AREA AND METHODSfauna of our. national parks is almost unstudyarea was the surroundings ofknown. From general knowledge of the dis­ Thetribution ofinsect species, we can predict that Kongsvoll Biological Station (62 0 ITN, 09 0a given species will be present in e.g. the 59'E) between the elevations 870 m and 1452Dovrefjell National Park, but nothing is m in the Dovrefjell National Park, Southknown about the actual number of species, Norway (Fig. 1). The River Driva is the mainwhich species are common and widespread, water course into which all the smallerwhich are locally distributed, which are rare, streams empty. In general, the streams arespecies abundances and composition of inplingwas made at eight streams and the Riverfastflowing, except for Jerosbekken. Sam­sect communities. This holds for all the nationalparks in Norway. Our national parks Driva. Two-sided Malaise traps (Fig. 2) andare protected against major disturbances and emergence traps ofthe tent type (Fig. 3) werethey should be excellent reference areas for used, and the sampling covered the periodlife sciences. Today our national parks are late May to October. Solem (1985) gives areference areas of spectacular topography, a table of thl' number of Malaise traps at thefew for vegetation, birds and mammals, but streams and the years they were used. Atnone for insects. Scientific documentation is Vestbekken and Kvernbekken only emeranecessary requisite before an area can be gence traps were used, 16 and 4 traps, respec­tively. Following the definitions of the biotic• Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biological zones in Sjors (1967) and Ronning (1972),station.the sampling covered the sub-alpine, low andFauna noTV. Ser. B, 34: 45-50. Oslo 1987. 45

Table 1. Percentage composition of Plecoptera in Malaise traps at different streams in the alpine zones.Mid1ealpine zoneUpper part lowalpine zoneLower part lowalpine zoneG1uptjern1452 mStrop1a1289 mB1esbekken1350 mB1esbekken1200 mKallvella1220 mRaubekken1100 mArcynopteryx compacta0.20.40.010.05Brachyptera risi2.81.21.60.030.3Diura nanseni0.90.30.30.40.3Isoper1a obscura0.30.315.23.41.2Amphinemura su1cico11is5.60.30.40.05A. standfussi42.72.60.046.0Nemoura cinerea35.40.73.90.0750.4Nemure11a pictetiiProtonemura meyeri69.416.719.51.30.918.10.90.495.035.0Capnia atra2.80.795.035.70.074.2Capnopsis schi11eri2.0Leuctra fusca12.30.030.2,L. hippopusL. nigra2.80.11.67.50.040.20.2Total number36573100969274801912Kongsvoll) is -O.l°C, and only 19 days ayear have daily mean temperatures abovelOoC (Nordhagen 1943).RESULTSMiddle alpine zoneOnly a small collection is present from thiszone, and Brachyptera risi (Morton), Amphinemurasu/cicollis Stephens, Nemure//a pictetiiKlapalek, Protonemura meyeri Pictet,Capnia atra Morton, and Leuctra hippopusKempney were captured as adults in Malaisetraps at Gluptjern (Tab. 1). At StridAtj0nnin(about 1500 m a.s.l.). Arcynopteryx compactaMcLachlan was collected.Low alpine zoneIn the upper part ofthe low alpine zone (Tab.1) and in addition to the species captured inthe middle alpine zone, A. compacta, Diurananseni (Kempney), Isoper/a obscura (Zetterstedt),Leuctra nigra (Oliver), Amphinemurastandfussi Ris and Nemoura cinerea(Retzius) were caught. Dominant species atthe various streams were A. standfussi, N.cinerea, P. meyeri, and C. atra. C. atra outnumberedother species at Blesbekken.In the lower part of the low alpine zoneCapnopsis schi//eri (Rostock) and Leuctrafusca Linnaeus can be added to the list ofspecies from higher elevation. P. meyeri outnumberedother species in the catches atKallvella. N. cinerea and N. pictetii were dominantspecies at Raubekken, and I. obscura,N. pictetii, C. atra and L. fusca at Blesbekken.Sub-alpine zoneTwenty-three species were recorded (Tabs. 2and 3), and additional to those mentionedearlier are Diura bicaudata (Linnaeus), Isoper/adifformis (Klapa'lek), Isoper/a grammatica(Poda), Dinocras cepha/otes Curtis,Siphonoper/a burmeisteri (Pictet), Taeniopteryxnebu/osa (Linnaeus), Amphinemuraborea/is Morton, Nemoura avicu/aris Morton,Capnia bifrons (Newman), and Capniapygmaea (Zetterstedt).47

Table 2. Percentage composition of Plecoptera in Table 3. Percentage composition of Plecoptera inMalaise traps at different streams in the sub- emergence. traps in 1978.alpine zone.Species Vestbekken KvernbekkenRlesbekken Raubekken .1erosbekken DrivalOOO m 920 m

Table 5. Dates when 50% of annual catch of selectedspecies ofPiecoptera were obtained in Malaisetrap sampling during 1980 to 1983.Arcynopteryx compactaDiura nansenitsoperla difformist. grammatica\ t. obscura[iJBrachyptera risiAmphinemura sulcicollisA. standfussiNemoura avicularisN. cinereaNemurella pictetiiProtonemura meyeriLeuctra hippopusL. nigraL. fusca7 July7 July21 July21 July18 Aug.28 July14 July1 Sept.9 June14 July14 July7 July23 June30 June22 Sept.Only in the Raubekken and the Vestbekkendid one species, N. pictetii and A. standfussi,respectively, outnumber all other species.Flight periodsFlight periods from late May to mid Octoberis shown in Tab. 4. The data on the typicallate winter species T. nebulosa, C. atra, C.bifrons, and C. pygmaea are only partly correct,because the captures only show the lastpart of their flight period. The dates when50% of annual catch of 15 selected species isgiven in Tab. 5. Thirteen species have themedian date in June and July. Only I. obscurahad the median date in August, and twospe~ies, A. standfussi and L. fusca in September.DISCUSSIONThe Malaise trap captures in the Dovrefjellmountains covered summer and autumn.However, Capnia spp. and T. nebulosa appearedon the snow in April at the riverDriva, and only the last part of their flightperiod was covered, except the site Blesbekken1350 m where the Malaise trap was leftout at a time when only a few meters of thestream was open. Up- and downstream to thisopen area the stream was completely coveredwith snow for a distance of several hundredsofmeters. The relative abundance ofstoneflyspecies based on Malaise trap captures maybe biased by shortwinged individuals, whichmay occur in C. atra, A. standfussi and A.compacta (Lillehammer 1974). L. hippopusmay also have shortwinged specimens, butnot in the mountains (A. Lillehammer pers.comm.). Populations with shortwinged specimensand reduced flight is likely to becaught in a lower percentage in Malaise trapsthan populations having longwinged specimensand normal flight ability. If and howmuch the shortwingedness has affected thedata presented is unknown.Thirteen species, A. compacta, D. nanseni,I. obscura, B. risi. A. standfussi, A. sulcicollis,N. cinerea, N. pietetii, P. meyeri, C. atra,L. fusca, L. hippopus, and L. nigra were capturedat six or more sites, and must be regardedas widespread and common. The remainingeleven species have a restricted distribution,but may be locally abundant. D. bicaudata,D. cephalotes, S. burmeisteri, A. borealis,N. avicularis, and C. pygmaea werecollected at one site only.The various sites where collections weremade vary in many ways, e.g. topographywhich may cause differences in the speciescomposition. However, P. meyeri was veryabundant at the Kallvella and fairly abundantat the Gluptjern and Stropla. These sites areall in the western montains. P. meyeri waspresent at the stream Blesbekken on the easterside also, but represented low percentagesof the number of individuals captured. Lillehammer(1974) reported P. meyerito be mostnumerous in small streams, and present up to1300 m a.s.l.. In the Dovrefjell mountains P.meyeri was recorded up to 1452 m a.s.l. Thedifference in the distribution and abundanceofP. meyeri between the eastern and the westernside coincides with the differences ingeology between the sides, but if the geologyis the real reason for the difference is notknown. None of the remaining species had asimilar pattern of distribution as P. meyeri.Most of the species recorded in the DovrefjellNational Park are expected to be found,49

ut from a zoogeographical point of view, afew should be commented on. I. difformiswas captured at two sites, lerosbekken andKvernbekken, and are the westernmost recordsin the mountains of South Norway. N.avicularis was recorded only at lerosbekken.N0st (1981) also reports N. avicularis fromone site only, the lake Lindalsvatn. These twomentioned records are, according to Lillehammer(1974), the westernmost records inthe mountains of South Norway.Lillehammer (1974) recorded 27 stoneflyspecies in the eastern part and 22 species inthe western part of the mountain range ofSouth Norway. The present study, which isinbetween the areas reported by Lillehammer(1974), revealed 24 species to inhabit thewatercourses of the Dovrefjell NationalPark. Compared with the eastern area (Lillehammer1974), we have not recorded Leuctradigitata, but L. digitata is reported fromthe stream Gr0vu west of the Dovrefjellmountains (N0st 1981); nor did we find Nemouraflexuosa Aubert and Isoperla nubeculaNewman. The two last mentioned specieswere neither reported by N0st (1981)from the western part of the mountains ofSouth Norway.Lillehammer (1974, 1978) reported fourspecies, C. atra, A. standfussi, I. obscura andA. compacta to occur in streams in the middlealpine zone in the 0vre Heimdalen area, 10­tunheimen, and only C. atra and A. compactaare in common with the collections'from theDovrefjell mountains. B. risi, A. sulcicollisand L. hippopus were taken with one or twoindividuals only in the trap in the middlealpine zone, and are most likely blown infrom lower areas.From the 0vre Heimdalen area in 10tunheimen,Lillehammer (1978) reported 11 and20 species from the low alpine and sub-alpinezones, respectively, and respectively 16 and25 for the whole southern Norway (Lillehammer1985). In the Dovrefjell mountainsthe corresponding numbers are 14 and 23species. From a botanical point of view theDovrefjell area is very rich in species, and asimilar pattern may be true also for stoneflieswhen compared with other mountains areasat similar elevations.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSupport to the field work of this paper hasbeen given by The Norwegian ResearchCouncil for Science and the Humanities,grant nos D.65.73-1O and D.65.73-032, givento 1.0. Solem.REFERENCESLillehammer, A. 1974. Norwegian stoneflies. n.Distribution and relationship to the environment.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 21, 195,-250.Lillehammer, A. 1984. Distribution, seasonalabundance and emergence of stoneflies (Plecoptera)in the O«vre Heimdal area of theNorwegian Jotunheimen Mountains. Faunanorv. Ser. B, 31, 1-7.Lillehammer, A. 1985. Zoogeographical studieson Fennoscandian stoneflies (Plecoptera). J.Biogeogr. 12, 209-221.Nordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter.Bergen Mus. Skr. 22, 1-607.Nost, T. 1981. Ferskvannsbiologi~keog hydrografiskeunders0kelser i Driva-vassdraget 1979­80. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Mus. RapportZoo/. Ser. 1981-10, 1-77.Ronning, 0.1. 1972. Vegetasjons/rere. Universitetsforlaget,Oslo.Sjors, H. 1967. Amphi-Atlantic zonation. Nemoralto Arctic. Pp. 109-125 in Love, A. & Love,D. (Eds.). North At/antic biota and their history.Pergamon Press, Oxford.Solem, J.O. 1985. Distribution and biology ofcaddisflies (Trichoptera) in Dovrefjell mountains,Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 32,62-79.50

Distribution and seasonal abundance of adultTipulidae (Diptera) in the Dovrefjell National Park,South Norway*TROND HOFSVANG, JOHN O. SOLEM AND SIMEN BRETTENHofsvang, T., Solem, J.O. & Bretten, S. 1987. Distribution and seasonal abundance ofadult Tipulidae (Diptera) in the Dovrefjell National Park, South Norway. Fauna nory.~, Ser. E, 34,51-56.IIn Malaise traps from II sites IS species of adult Tipulidae were collected in theDovrefjell National Park, South Norway; 4 in the middle alpine zone, II in the lowalpine zone and 10 in the subalpine zone. The only record of Tipula (Pterelachisus)middendorffi Lackschewitz in Fennoscandia is reported here. In Norway Tipula (Saytschenkia)pagana Meigen was earlier only known from the Oslo area and Nephrotomalundbecki (Nielsen) only from North Norway.Common species were T. (A.) salicetorum, T. (V.) excisa, T. (S.) gimmerthali, T. (S.)inyenusta and T. (S.) subnodicornis. Rare species were T. (V.) laccata, T. (V.)nubeculosa, T. (S.) pagana, T. (S,) grisescens, N.lundbecki and P. subserricornis. TheRiver Driva divide the area sampled into an eastern and a western area and greatdifferences in the species composition between the two areas were found. Data onhabitat preferences are given.Trond Hofsvang, Norwegian Plant Protection Institute, Dept. of Entomology, P.O.B.70, N-1432 As-NLH, Norway.John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Museum, Erl. Skakkesgt. 47, N-7000Trondheim, Norway.Simen Bretten, University of Trondheim, KongsvoU Biological Station, 7340 Oppdal,Norway.INTRODUCTIONThe insect fauna of National Park in Norwayis very poorly known. This paper is in a serieswith aim to increase the knowledge of theinsect fauna of the Dovrefjell National Park.Our National Parks are areas with a highdegree of protection, and scientific documentationof the fauna will increase the value ofthe parks as reference areas. Such referenceareas are especially important in long termstudies of insect communities. Such longterm studies may include natural changes incommunities and changes caused by externalfactors which artificially may stress communities,e.g. acid rain.Tipulidae is worldwide the largest familyin the order Diptera, may be divided intothree subfamilies, Tipulinae, Cylindrotominaeand Limoniinae (Byers 1984). Some investigatorserase these subfamilies to families* Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biologicalstation.Fauna norv. SeT. B. 34: 51-56. Oslo 1987.(van Leeuwen 1978, Mendl 1978), and wehave adopted this view, and our fam. Tipulidaeis comparable to subfam. Tipulinae.Apart from a few studies (Hogsvang 1972,1974), only small and irregular sampling oftipulids have been made in Norway. Themain objective of the present investigationwas to study aquatic insects such as caddisflies(Trichoptera) and stoneflies (Plecoptera).The larvae of most of tipulids are alsoaquatic or semiaquatic, and adults are usuallyfound along streams and around poolsand ponds (Byers 1984). Larval tipulidabundance and distribution in woodlandfloodplains in North America appear to beinfluenceJ by hight soil moisture and organiccontent (Merritt and Lawson 1981). Thesampling sites chosen gave a good representativeofthe tipulid fauna as well, and this is thefirst comprehensive study ofdistribution andabundance of tipulids in a defined area inNorway.51

Table I. Tipulidae species recorded in Dovrefjell Kongsvoll) is -O.PC, and only 19 days aNational Park.year have daily mean temperature abovelOoC (Nordhagen 1943).Tipula (Aretotipula) salieetorum Siebke, 1870 Malaise trap samples (Fig. 2) from 11 sitesTipula (Vestiplex) excisa Schummel, 1833 along streams and at pools and lakes, haveT. (V.) montana, spp. verbernae Mannheims & been used for this presentation. According toTheowald, 1959the definition of biotic zones in mountainousT. (V.) laeeata Lundstrom & Frey, 1916art:as (Sj0rs 1967, R0nning 1972), one oftheT. (11.) nubeeulosa Meigen, 1804Tipula (Savtshenkia) gimmerthali Lackschewitz, sampling sites was in the middle alpine zone,1925six in the low alpine zone, and four in theT. (S.) invenusta Riedel, 1919 subalpine zone. The middle alpine has pat­T. (S.) limbata Zetterstedt, 1838 ches of plant cover while a continuous plantT. (S.) subnodieornis Zetterstedt, 1837 cover is present in the low alpine zone. TheT. (S.) pagana Meigen, 1818 subalpine is in this area characterized by aT. (S.) griseseens Zetterstedt, 1851 birch belt. Sampling was carried out duringTipula (Platytipula) melanoeeros Schummel, 1833 the years 1980-1983 and covered theTipula (Pterelaehisus) middendorffi Lachsche­ months June to October.witz, 1936Nephrotoma lundbeeki (Nielsen, 1907)Because of difficulties in identifying fema­Prinoeera subserrieornis (Zetterstedt, 1851) les of some of the species, our data includemales only.Table 2. Percentage compor:,;ition of males at dlfferent habitats in 5ubalpine - low alpine - and middle alpine zonesin DuvrefJell NatiolJal Park..Nurnbt:!c of males collected dt the different habitats shown at the bottom lineof the tableMiddlealpineSubalpine zone LoW dlpine zone zoneBlesbk. Raubk Ga vA 1 i Dam Ee Blesbk Blesbk Raubk Dam Kaldv Stcopla Gluptj1000 m YOO m ~30 m .30 m 1200 m 1350 m 1200 m 1100 m 1220 m 1280 m 1450 mTlpu!a (Arc totipula) 5allcetorum 2.0 53.1Tipula (Vestiplex) eXClsa 3.1 1"::'.0 5.4 10.7 4c.8 85.7 34.0 12.5 03.5 30.0 42. ':::'T. (V.) montana 2. ~ 7.0 4.1 7.1T. (V.) Idccata 2. "T. (V.) nubecu10sa 0.7Tipu1a (Savtshenkia) yimrnertha1i 72.3 53. j 00.8 8.3 8.5 55.1 12.5 0.5l T. (S. ) in'Jenusta 0.1 4.2 28.4 25.0 27.7 8.0 0.4 ~l.j 24.0 10.2T. (5. ) suhnodicornis •• 2 18.7 1.4 j .8 12.5 14.3T. (5. ) l~mbata 4.0 0.5 0.7 8.3 0.3~pagana 1.5T. (5. ) gr~~escensO. "TiI)U1a (Pldtyt~pula) me1anoceros 3.1 2.8 2.7 41.3 14. ~ 25.0 0.5NephrotolilC1 1undb~cki 2.1Prinocera sur-!3erriCOrnls? .f!.l'~puld (Pten,.. LH.:h..i.sus) m~ddendorff ~ .0 .~)S.7Number of males 05 214 148 12 47 ;5 78 10 200 4, 1453

RESULTSA total of 15 species were recorded in thearea sampled (Tab. 1), but only 4 species,Tipula (Vestiplex) excisa, T. (V.) montana, T.(Savtshenkia) subnodicornis and T. (Pterelachisus)middendorffi were collected in themiddle alpine zone (Tab. 2) which is above1400 m a.s.l. Low numbers of specimenswere collected in this zone, but T. (V.) exisaand T. (P.) middendorffi are certainly trueinhabitants of this zone. Eleven species werefound in the low alpine zone (which is betweenabout 1100 and 1400 m a.s.l.), and allspecies caught in the middle alpine zone appearedhere. Additionally, the following speciesoccurred: T. (S.) invenusta, T. (S.) gimmerthaU,T. (Platytipula) melanoceros, T.(Arctotipula) saUcetorum, Nephrotoma lundbecki,T. (V.) laccata, and Prinocera subserricornis.Dominant species in the collectionswere T. (V.) excisa, T. (S.) gimmerthaU, T.(S.) invenusta and T. (A.) saUcetorum.In the subalpine zone ten species were collected.Five species, T. (V.) montana, T. (P.)middendorffi, T. (A.) saUcetorum, T. (V.)laccata and P. subserricornis, recorded in thealpine zone were not recorded in the subal-pine zone. Species only recorded in the subalpinezone were T. (S.) pagana, T. (s.) grisescensand T. (V.) nubeculosa. Abundantantspecies in the subalpine collections were T.(s.) gimmerthaU, T. (S.) in venusta and T. (P.)melanoceros. The tipulids were flying fromearly June to October (Tab. 3). In the Dovrefjellarea June belong to spring/early summer,July-August is summer and September-Octoberis autumn. Spring species areT. (V.) nubeculosa, T. (S.) subnodicornis, T.(S.) pagana, and T. (S.) grisescens. Summerspecies are T. (A.) saUcetorum, T. (V.) excisa,T. (V.) montana, T. (V.) laccata, N. lundbecki,T. (P.) middendorffi and P. subserricornis.Autumn species are T. (S.) gimmerthali,T. (S.) invenusta and T. (S.) Umbata. T.(P.) melanoceros seems intermediate betweensummer and autumn species.DISCUSSIONThe flight periods of the species of Tipulidaein the Dovrefjell mountains are in accordancewith those reported from two localitiesin Northern Sweden, the Messaure area, LuleLappmark (Tjeder 1974), and the AbiskoTable.).f'll(jht tlcrJ.ods of Ti!-Jull.dae (DlpteraJ l.n thep'ld.les col1{.cct;>d Hj wel::'kly interval~ in Malal.seDovref)ell mountains beG to 1'j8J shown dS number oftrapsJuneJuly" 10 2J JO 7 14 n 28Tl.lJuld (A.rctu'tlpuld) ~,dlicetorum 2 2jAug4 11 18 25SelJL1 8 15 22 2"Gct0 1.;'J'l.fuld (Ve5t lIJlex) eXCl.sa j 12 ,,2 10" 2j 20 141­ (V.) ITIontanaT. (v.) IdccatdT. (V.) mlbl::'culosaTl.lJuL:1 (Sd.vt~hl::'nkl.a) gl.ITUnet"thall. 2 10 48 102 42 5 S8 24T. (S.) l.nVenustd 1 12 .,:>3 57 joT. (S.l I1mbdtoT. (5.) SUbllOdl.cortJis 5 27 10T. (S.) paganaT. (S.) grisescensTipula (Flatycl.pula) rneld.noceros j 14Tl.pula (Pterelach1.~us) middendorffiNephrot.oma lundbeckl.Prl.nocera subserrl.comis54

area, Torne Lappmark (Tjeder 1978). ExceptT. (S.) pagana and T. (P.) middendorffi thespecies found at Dovrefjell were includedalso in the Swedish investigations mentionedabove. T. (V.) excisa, T. (S.) invenusta, T.(S.) subnodicornis and T. (S.) grisescens hadnearly similar flight periods at Dovrefjellmountains and the low/middle alpine zone atFinse in the northern part of Hardangervidda,South Norway (Hofsvang 1974).Therefore, in the Scandinavian mountainsfrom Hardangervidda, South Norway to Abisko,Torne Lappmark, the flight periods ofthe tipulid species do not deviate much.The species of Tipulidae reported in thepresent study are found within the previouslyknown distribution area in Norway except T.(S.) pagana. T. (P.) middendorffi and N.lundbecki. T. pagana was earlier only knownfrom the Oslo area in Norway, but is recordednorth to Angermanland in Sweden (Tjeder1955). T. (P.) middendorffi a boreal speciesand previously known from USSR east ofArkhangelsk (Theowald 1980), is reportednew to Fennoscandia. N. lundbecki was earlierreported from North Norway (Mannheims1951).Of the 15 species collected from the Dovrefjellmountains, six species, T. (V.) excisa, T.(V.) montana, T. (S.) gimmerthali, T. (S.)limbata, T. (S.) subnodicornis and T. (S.)grisescens, show a boreoalpine disjunct distribution(Theowald & Oosterbroek 1985),which means that they are recorded in thecontinental European Alps and in the Scandinavianmountains. Five species have a borealdistribution, T. (A.) salicetorum, T. (V.)laccata, T. (S.) invenusta, T. (P.) middendorffiand N. lundbecki. With the exceptionof T. (S.) in venusta, these boreal species belongto a group of species with a mainly easternPalaearctic distribution (Theowald &Oosterbroek 1985). T. (V.) nubeculosa, T.(S.) pagana, T. (P.) melanoceros and P. subserricornisare distributed in Northern Europe,but they are also a part of the tipulidfauna of the deciduous forests of the westernand middle part of the European lowland(Theowald & Oosterbroek 1983).Considering the number of specimenscaught during 1980 to 19835 species, T. (A.)salicetorum, T. (V.) excisa, T. (S.) gimmerthali,T. (S.) in venusta and T. (S.) subnodicornismay be regarded as common of fairlycommon in the Dovrefjell National Park. Allof these common species, except T. (A.) salicetorum,were found in more than half of thenumber of localities sampled. T. (A.) salicetorumoccurred in two traps only, at Kallvellaand Stropla, and may set strong requirementsto the habitat, but be locally abundant.Six species, T. (V.) laccata, T. (V.) nubeculosa,T. (S.) pagana, T. (S.) grisescens, N.lundbecki and P. subserricornis must be regardedas rare in Dovrefjell National Parkbecause they were only recorded at one localityand with one individual only. T. (A.)salicetorum and T. (P.) middendorffi werecollected at two sites and on the western sideonly. The collections indicate that they havea restricted distribution in the area. T. (V.)montana was caught at the 4 highest collectingsites only. T. (S.) gimmerthali, T. (S.)limbata and T. (P.) melanoceros were recordedup to about 1200 m a.s.l. From tab. 2 itmay look like that they are distributed onlyon the eastern side of the valley. This may bean artefact because ofthe collecting sites chosen.However, it is known from caddis-flies(Trichoptera) that great differences in speciescomposition occur between the eastern andwestern side of River Driva (Solem 1985).The caddisfly Apatania muliebris McLachlanwas dominant in the streams Blesbekken andRaubekken on the eastern side, but only scatteredindividuals were found on the westernside. The differences found in geology, plantspecies and pH values between the eastern(range 7.3 to 7.9) and the western side (range6.0 to 6.8) of the valley, may be reflected alsoin the species composition ofthe tipulids, butthe present study does not give conclusiveanswears to this.T. (V.) excisa on the other hand, was commonat all sites and all hight levels in thealpine zone on the eastern and the westernside of the valley, and live in habitats rich inorganic matter and in the present study havepH values between 6.0 to 7.9 T. (S.) invenustashowed a similar range in habitat preferencesas T. (V.) excisa. Most tipulid larvaeare detrital feeders (Byers 1984) and theirecological importance must be substantial inalpine areas. However, since tipulid larvaeand adults are relatively large insects theirecological importance as food for other invertebrates,birds and mammals is probablyeven greater.55

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSupport to the field work was given by TheNorwegian Research Council for Science andthe Humanities, grant nos 0.65.73-10 and0.65.73-032, given to J.O. Solem.REFERENCESByers, G. 1984. Tipulidae. Pp. 491-514 in Merritt,R. W. & Cummins, K. W. (Eds.): An introductionto the Aquatic Insects of North America.2nd ed. Kendall Hunt pub\. co. 722 pp.Hofsvang, T. 1972. Tipula excisa Schum. (Diptera,Tipulidae), life cycle and population dynamics.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 19,43-48.Hofsvang, T. 1974. Tipulidae (Diptera) from ahigh mountain area, Finse, South Norway.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 21, 1-4.Leeuwen, Th. v. 1978. Tipulidae und Cylindrotomidae.Pp. 264-366 in Hlies, J. (ed.) LimnofaunaEuropaea. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.Mannheims, B. 1951. Tipulidae. Pp. 1-64 inLindner, E. (ed.): Die Fliegen der palaearktischenRegion. 15. Schweizerbarth, Stuttgart.Mendl, H. 1978. Limoniidae. Pp. 367-377 inIllies, J. (ed.) Limnofauna Europaea. G. FiseherVerlag, Stuttgart.Merritt, R. W. & Lawson, D.L. 1981. Adult emergencepatterns and species distribution andabundance of Tipulidae in three woodlandf1oodplains. Environ. Ent. 10, 915-921.Nordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter.Bergen Mus. Skr. 22, 1-607.R0nning, 0.1. 1972. Vegetasjonslrere. Universitetsforlaget,Trondheim.Sj0rs, H. 1967. Amphi-Atlantic zonation. Nemoralto Arctic. Pp. 109-125 in Love, A. & Love,D. (Eds.): North Atlantic biota and their history.Pergamon Press, Oxford.Solem, J.O. 1985. Distribution and biology ofcaddisflies (Trichoptera) in Dovrefjell mountains,Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 32,62-79.Theowald, Br. 1980. Tipulidae. Pp. 437-538 inLindner, E. (ed.): Die Fliegen der palaearktischenRegion. 15, Schweizerbarth, Stuttgart.Theowald, Br. & Oosterbroek, P. 1983. Zur Zoogeographieder westpalaearktischen Tipuliden.HI. Die Tipuliden der europeischen Tiefebenen(Diptera, Tipulidae). Bonn. zool. Beitr. 34,371-394.Theowald, Br. & Oosterbroek, P. 1985. Zur Zoogeographieder westpalaearktischen Tipuliden.VI. Die Tipuliden der montanen, alpinen undborealen Gebiete (Insecta, Diptera, Tipulidae).Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36, 185-220.Tjeder, B. 1955. Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae.XIV. Diptera: Fam. Tipulidae. Opusc. Ent. 20,229-247.Tjeder, B. 1974. Harkrankar (Tipulidae, partim)och Glansmyggor (Ptychopteridae) i Messaureomradet.Nottbottens Natur smaskrift, 1, 1­5.Tjeder, B. 1978. Ptychopteridae and Tipulidae(Cylindrotominae and Tipulinae) from theAbisko area, Torne Lappmark, Sweden (Ins.:Diptera). Fauna Norrlandica 9, 1-12.Received 15 Sept. 1986.56

Twelve species of Neuropteroidea and Mecoptera were collected in the Dovrefjellmountains. None were found in the middle alpine zone, but six and all twelve specieswere collected in the low and subalpine zones, respectively. Two species were common,Hemerobius pini Stephens, 1836 and Wesmaelius nervosus (Fabricius, 1793), whileChrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836), Helicoconis lutea (Wallengren, 1871), Micromuspaganus (L., 1767), Hemerobius nitidulus Fabricius, 1777, H. perelegans Step­hens, 1836, Wesmaelius malladai (Navas, 1925), W. mortoni (McLachlan, 1899),Sialis lutaria (L., 1758), and Boreus sp. were rare. Because W. mortoni always occurwith only a few specimens in collections, it is suggested that this species is rare in itswhole area ofdistribution. H. stigma was collected as late as in October and is probablyan autumn species. Adults ofthe remaining species were present in July and August andmust be regarded as summer species.Distribution, abundance and phenology of adultNeuropteroidea (Orders Planipennia, Raphidiopteraand Megaloptera) and Mecoptera in the Dovrefjellmountains, South Norway*LITAGREVE, JOHN O. SOLEM AND SIMEN BRETTENGreve, L., Solem, J.O. & Bretten, S. 1987. Distribution, abundance and phenology ofadult Neuropteroidea (Orders Planipennia, Raphidioptera and Megaloptera) and Mecopterain the Dovrefjell mountains, South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 34, 57-62.Uta Greve, University ofBergen, Zoological Museum, N-5007 Bergen Univ., Norway.John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Museum, Erling Skakkesgt. 47, 7000Trondheim.Simen Bretten, University ofTrondheim, Kongsvoll Biological Station, 7340 Oppdal.INTRODUCTIONThe insect fauna ofNational Parks in Norwayis poorly known. This paper is in a serieswhich aimto increase the knowledge of theinsect fauna of the Dovrefjell National Park.Norwegian National Parks are areas with ahigh degree of protection, and scientific do­cumentation of the fauna will increase thevalue of the parks as reference areas. Suchreference areas are especially important inlong term studies of insect communities andchanges caused by external factors.The superorder Neuropteroidea (Neurop­tera s.l.) is divided in three orders: Planipen­nia (Neuroptera s. str.), Raphidioptera andMegaloptera. Planipennia is the largest ofthethree and is represented in Norway with fivefamilies: Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae,Sisyridae and Myrmeleonti­dae. The first three is represented in the material.The two last orders are small, and each• Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biologicalstation.represented with only one family in Norway.This paper also deals with the small orderMecoptera represented in Norway with twofamilies, of which only one, the Boreidae,ha ve been found in the Dovrefjell NationalPark. The nomenclature for the Neuropteroideafollows Aspock & Holzel (1980). Forthe genus Boreus, see Svensson (1972).A survey of the Norwegian Neuropteroi­dea and Mecoptera was made by Tjeder(1945), and since then several authors haveadded knowledge to the distribution and bio­logy in Norway of single species or genera,but no larger survey has been made. Most ofthe published articles are enclosed in Aspocket al. (1980). For additional information onNorwegian Mecoptera, see Greve (1965,1975).The main objective of the present investigationwas to study aquatic insects. However,only the order Megaloptera have aquatic lar­vae of the group treated here, though a fewlarvae ofPlanipennia in families not found inthis survey are also aquatic. The sites of Ma-Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34: 57----{;2. Oslo 1987. 57

KallvellsjeaenStroplsjeaenKongsvoll Biological StationVest:be+.t,rI:~IQie" I'1/'ClrN!2 kmFig. 1. Location of Kongsvoll in Norway, and amap of the area sampled. The sites of the Malaisetraps are also indicated.laise traps along streams and pools and lakesare thus not the best possible for collectingNeuropteridea. In spite of that, the materialgive interesting data from montane areas. Onthe other hand, Malaise traps give good informationduring periods of bad weatherwhen nets are difficult to use efficiently.STUDY AREA AND METHODSThe study area was the surroundings ofKongsvoll Biological Station (62° ITN, 09°59'E) between the elevations 900 and 1452 m(Fig. 1). The two large geological regions inthe southern Scandinavian Caledonian meetin the sampling area, and the border roughlyfollows the River Driva. On the eastern sideis the Trondheim region, which containsmainly medium-grade mica schists and greenstonesof the cambro-silurian age. The westernside is mainly a basal gneiss region buildup of high-grade gneisses and schists of precambrianage. The differences in the geologybetween the eastern and the western side ofthe valley are most conspicuous when plantspecies are considered. The eastern side has amuch higher diversity of plant species thanthe western one. The sampling sites Stropla,Kaldvella and Gluptjern (Tab. 2) are on thewestern side and the remaining sites on theeastern side. The streams and lakes in theStroplsj0 area have pH in the range 6.0-6.5,and the lake Kallvellsj0en is about pH 6.8.The River Driva and the lakes and thestreams on the eastern side have pH in therange 7.3-7.9 (Bretten unpub!. data).The climate of the area is mainly continental,with a yearly precipitation of 473 mm atKongsvol!. The yearly mean temperature atHjerkinn (955 m a.s,!.) 10 km south ofKongsvoll, is -O.l°C, and only 19 days ayear have daily mean temperature abovelOoC (Nordhagen 1943).Malaise trap samples from 11 sites alongstreams and at pools and lakes have been usedfor this presentation. According to the definitionof biotic zones in mountainous areas58

Table I. Number of specimens (males/females) at different habitats in subalpine and lov alpine zones inDovrefjell National Park. Numbers of specimens collected at the different habitats shown at the bottomline of the table~S!bal pi ne zoneLow alpine zoneBlesbk Rldlk GAvAl i Dam E6 Koogsvoll Blesbk Blesbk Raubk Dam E6 Kaldv Stropla1000 m 900 m 930 m 930 m Biol. St. 1200 m 1350 m 1200 m 1100 m 1220 m 1280 mSialis lutaria (L., 1158) 4/-Helicocoois lutea (~allengren, 1871) 1/- -/1Hemerobius pini Stephens, 1836 39/21 1/1 -/1 -/1Hemerobius nitidJlus Fabr., lm 1/-Hemerobius perelesans Stephens, 1836 1/1Hemerobius stigma Stephens, 1836 2/1 -/1 1/2 1/- -/3Micromus paganus (L., 1767) -/1 2/- 1/­~esmaelius malladai (Navas, 1925) 1/- 1/4 1/- 1/1~esmaelius mortooi (McLachlan, 1899) -/1 -/1~esmaelius nervosus (Fabr., 1793) -/4 9/14 -/2 -/2 19/11 12/4Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) 1/-Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866 -/2ilunber of specimens 1 9 95 5 11 38 20VI10

,..,~ IJ8 -0 I .:... IRI I:::::.INNI~ IN;::­I(Sj0rs 1967, R0nning 1972), one of the samplingsites was in the middle alpine zone, sixin the low alpine zone, and four in the subalpinezone. The middle alpine has patches ofplant cover while a continuous plant cover ispresent in the low alpine zone. The subalpineis in this area characterized by a birch belt.Sampling was carried out during the years1980-1983 and covered the months June toOctober.c'"'coC::I '" oQ.8~ ...=(1)(I) '"~.;(1)_.... '"~~QcCl,,) 0;;;..c_... '"c~.- ,-,(1) ....._",'"cc·­c>.Q...>ol(1)­'c ~"'~i5:c'0:';C (I)"'­",0.... (I)(1)=-0 Q.o..9~:0-;(1)8....-.... ~(I)","­(I)'"'O~.- 88'"(I) ....0.0........ 0'"::I (I)(I).cz8.... ::1o C'0'" '" '".~ c.... ~(1)0Q...c... ",..c •.­~~~O'INI~o.coo"'0'1E-o­~U>!rC>­"5 ..,....,5co I :::::.~It\Nco~::~coNN~~,...0,..,la~0­It\......~~;::­co......;!It\......~:::::.0­.:...N.:...N:::::.I.- ..'"!!l '":s :s :l~ ~x xL.:...~:::::.N......~.:...~......coi~:l '"..~~.......:...~:::::.~N......N:::::.N,...~0~......0­~......It\:::::.~!!l~~~'" .= a;I!3l::a.:...N.:...~.:...~co..coL.3'"coU>RESULTSA total of 12 species were recorded in thisstudy. No species were collected in themiddle alpine zone (see Tab. 1), viz. above1400 m a.s.1. Six species were found in thelow alpine zone, between 1100 and 1400 ma.s.1. These are Helicoconis lutea, Hemerobiusperelegans, H. stigma, Micromus paganus,Wesmaelius malladai and W. nervosus.H. perelegans was recorded only in the lowalpine zone.Two species were dominant in the samples,H. pini and W. nervosus. The remaining specieswere represented by single or few specimensonly. One should, however, keep inmind that the number of specimens of thesegroups usually are rather low also in morefavourable localities in Norway, and thatmass occurrence is rarely seen.In the subalpine zone 10 species were collected.Species recorded only in the subalpinezone are Sialis lutaria, Chrysoperla carnea,H. nitidulus, W. mortoni, and Boreus sp. Thegenus Boreus was represented by femalesonly, and because these are difficult to identify,we have not listed species. However,only two species of Boreus, B. hyemalis (L.,1767) and B. westsoodi Hagen, 1866, havebeen recorded from Norway. Dominant speciesin the subalpine zone are the same as inthe low alpine zone, viz. H. pini and W. nervosus.The Planipennia were flying from June toOctober, but only a few species were sampledin such »high" numbers that they gave anyreliable data on flight periods. These few speciesare listed in Tab. 2.In the Dovrefjell area, June belongs tospring/early summer, July-August is summer,and September-October is autumn.There was no definite spring species. Summerspecies are S. lutaria, H. pini, M. paganus andW malladai. W. nervosus seems intermediateI60

etween summer and autumn. H. stigma isprobably an autumn species.Of the species represented with few specimensonly, five were from July: C. carnea. H.lutea (early July), H. nitidulus. H. perelegansand W. mortoni. The single specimen of Wconcinnus (see below) was caught in August.The Boreus specimens were found in late autumn.DISCUSSIONIn addition to the 12 species recorded in thisstudy, two more species have been recordedfrom areas bordering the National Park:Raphidia ophiopsis L., 1758 was recorded byTjeder (1937) from Dovre, Fokstua, Opplandprovince, and Wesmaelius concinnus Stephens,1836 at STI Oppdal, Driva (see Tab. 1).Two other species on the list, Chrysoperlacarnea and Boreus sp. were only found in thevicinity of the Kongsvoll Biological Station.The species of Neuropteroidea and Mecopterareported here are within their previouslyknown distribution areas in Norway. Thegroups are all rather poorly represented in theScandinavian high mountains and none areconfined to mountainous areas. All specieshave a wide distribution outside Norway.Two species, H. lutea and H. stigma. havean Holarctic distribution. H. nitiduIus. M.paganus. W malladai. W mortoni and W.nervosus have a distribution which covermost parts of Europe (excluded the Mediterraneanareas) and parts of Asia. W. nervosusis also the only species of Planipennia foundon Iceland'and Greenland. S. lutaria. H. piniand H. perelegans are all widely distributedin Europe, but have not yet been reportedfrom Asia. According to Vshivkova (1985),earlier reports which state S. lutaria to have awide Palearctic distribution must be considereddoubtful. C. carnea is today found nearlyall over the world, brought by man to manyplaces (Aspock et al. 1980). Both Boreusspecies found in Norway have a wide Europeandistribution. One species, W. mortoni.must be considered rare, both in this area andelsewhere (Greve 1984). Contrary to this, W.nervosus ranks among the most commonPlanipennia in North-Western Europe.The biology of the adults of the specieslisted here is well known, while knowledge ofthe larval stages might be restricted. ManyPlanipennia, which all are predators, arefound associated with certain plant groups,this is probably because their prey live onthese plants. Some species are always foundnear coniferous trees, H. pini and H. stigma.while others, like M. paganus. are mostlyfound on deciduous trees and herbage. W.nervosus has been recorded from many differentplants.Meinander (1972) found several species ofPlanipennia believed to live exclusively onconiferous trees far outside the areas of coniferoustrees in northern Finland, and Junipercommunis. growing like a low bush, may be asuitable habitat for species elsewhere foundonly on coniferous trees. While wind-driftmay account for some specimens in mountainousareas (Greve 1969), the many specimensofH. pini cannot be explained by winddrift,but only as specimens from a local populationprobably living on Juniperus communis.Only two species, H. pini and W nervosus.are common in the material. Most speciesmust indeed be considered rare at Dovrefjell,because single specimens in one or at mosttwo localities were found (see Tab. 1). Thegenus B'oreus is underrepresented, becauseadults are winter active insects living in mossmostly under the snow cover during the winter,and they were thus not present during thecollecting period June-October. The fewspecimens caught in the area were caught byhand in late October.The flight periods for four species whichwere collected more than once or twice duringthe survey are shown in Tab. 2. W nervosushave in Norwegian lowlands (Andersen& Greve 1975) been caught between Juneand November. The species is believed to bebivoltine on the northern British Isles (Killington1936). At the Dovrefjell NationalPark W nervosus seems to have a flight periodrestricted to July and first part of August,and is probably univoltine in this area.Based on information collected from museummaterial, H. pini in the Norwegian lowlandsfly from early May until early October,though very few specimens have been caughtafter the middle of August. At Dovrefjell thebulk of the material were collected in July.W. malladai is represented with specimenscaught as early as middle of June and untilfirst week of August. W. malladai in westernNorway fly as latt: as October with a start inJune. H. stigma is the only species with aautumn flight period at Dovrefjell. In theNorwegian lowlands, the first specimens fly61

in middle ofApril and adults are also found inlate autumn, and hibernates as imago. H.stigma may be bivoltine in the lowlands andunivoltine at Dovrefjell. Similar conditionsfor other species are found in middle Europe(Gepp 1975). The specimens of the only megalopterancaught, S. lutaria, was from 25June to 9 July. S. lutaria is the only species ofSialis common in southern and central Norway.S. lutaria was also caught in similarbiotops at Hardangervidda (Greve 1976),between 4 July and I August. The highestlocality at Hardangervidda was at Normannslagenat 1243 m a.s.1. and thus in thelower alpine zone. The flight period is delayedin montainous areas compared with lowlandpopulations (Andersen & Greve 1975,Kaiser 1950), a phenomenon well knownfrom other insect groups.The populations of all species seem to besmaller than in the lowlands, though for somelike W. mortoni, this conclusion cannot bedrawn. The flight period of some species isdefinitely more restricted in the mountainsthan in the lowlands. As predators, they certainlytake their toll among Aphididae andmites, well known food animals for the larvae,but since their size is rather small, theyprobably are not important as food for otherinvertebrates, fish (Sialis lutaria larvae only),birds or mammals.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSupports to the field work of this paper hasbeen given by The Norwegian Research Councilfor Science and the Humanities, grantnos. D.65.73-10 and D. 65.73-032, given toJ.O. Solem.REFERENCESAndersen, T. & Greve, L. 1975. Neuroptera inlight-traps at Oster0Y, Hordaland. Norsk ent.Tidsskr.22, 123-128.Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Holzel, H. 1980. DieNeuropteren Europas. Krefeld, Goecke &Evers. (l), 495 pp. & (2), 355 pp.Gepp, J. 1975. Hohenverbreitung und dichte vonChrysopa perla (L.) am Siidostrand der Alpen(Neuropt., Planipennia, Chrys.). Z. ArbGem.ost. Ent. 26, 24-28.Greve, L. 1965. Boreus hyemalis (L.) new to Norway,and recent records of Norwegian Mecoptera.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, 17-18.Greve, L. 1969. An aerial-drift of Neuropterafrom Hardangervidda, Western Norway. Arb.Univ. Bergen Mat.Naturv. ser. 2, 1-15.Greve, L. 1975. New records of Norwegian Mecoptera.Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 22, 7-8.Greve, L. 1976. Neuroptera and Mecoptera.Fauna of Hardangervidda 7, 5-9. Univ. Bergen,Oslo, Troms0 Pub\.Greve, L. 1984. Distribution of the genus WesmaeliusKriiger in Norway 71-74. In: Gepp,J., Aspock, H. & Holzel, H. (eds) Progress inWorld's Neuropterology. Qruckhaus Thalerhof,Feldkirchen bei Graz, Osterreich, 265 pp.Kaiser, E.W. 1950. Sialis nigripes Ed. Pict., ny forDanmark og utbredelsen af S. lutaria og S.fulgionsa Pict. i Danmark. Flora og Fauna 56,17-36.Killington, F.J. 1936/1937. A monograph oftheBritish Neuroptera I-II. Ray Society Vo\.122-123.270 pp, 306 pp. London.Meinander, M. 1972. The invertebrate fauna ofthe Kilpisjarvi area, Finnish Lapland (8. Neuropteraand Mecoptera). Acta Soc. FaunaFlora Fenn. 80, 93-98.Nordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter.Bergen Mus. Skr. 22, 1-607.R0nning, 0.1. 1972. Vegetasjonsla!re. Universitetsforlaget,Trondheim, 101 pp.Sj0rs, H. 1967. Amphi-Atlantic zonation. Nemoralto Arctic. In: Love, A. & Love, D. (eds.)North Atlantic biota and their history. PergamonPress, Oxford, pp. 109-125.Svensson, S.A. 1972. Boreus Latreille, 1825 (Mecoptera).A synopsis of described species. Ent.scand. 3, 26-32.Tjeder, B. 1937. Geographical and synonymicalnotes on some Raphididae & Sialidae. Opusc.ent.3, 118-124.Tjeder, B. 1945. Catalogus Neuropterorum et MecopterorumNorvegiae. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 7,93-98.Vshivkova, T.S. 1985. Sialidae (Megaloptera) ofEurope and the Caucasus. Entomol. Obozr. 1,146-157.Received I Nov. 1986.62

Distribution and seasonal abundance of adultLinloniidae (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera) in theDovrefjell National Park, South Norway*HANS MENDL, JOHN O. SOLEM AND SIMEN BRETTENMend!., H., Solem, J.O. & Bretten, S. 1987. Distribution and seasonal abundance ofadult Limoniidae (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera) in the Dovrefjell National Park,South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34, 63-72.In the mountains of Dovrefjell National Park, South Norway, we collected 4S spp. offam. Limoniidae in Malaise traps in the years 1980 to 1983. Dicranomyia incisurataLackschewitz is reported new to the Scandinavian fauna, and Dicranota (Paradicranota)robusta Lundstrom, Ufa mollissima Haliday and Symplecta scotica Edwards newto the Norwegian fauna. The collecting covered the subalpine, low and middle alpinezones. The dominant species Phyllolabis macroura Siebke, made up S1.4% of theindividuals in the subalpine zone, and 72.6% in the low alpine zone (1080-1400 ma.s.!. ).From zoogeographic aspects, the species list from Dovrefjell is compared withspecies lists from four other Scandinavian areas. Of the 45 species collected aJ Dovrefjell,29 were in common with species from Varanger, North Norway, 24 with Angeran,Sweden, 33 with Messaure, Sweden, and 37 with Tornetriisk, Sweden. The montaneareas Tornetriisk and Dovrefjell, showed greatest similarity in species composition.Data on phenology and notes on 10 species are given.Hans Mendl, Johann-Schiitz-Str. 31, D-8960 Kempten/Allg., BRD.John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Museum, Erling Skakkesgt. 47A,N-7000 Trondheim, Norway.Simen Bretten, Kongsvoll Biological Station, N-7340 Oppdal, Norway.the main water course into which all thesmaller streams empty.Two large geological regions in the sout­hern Scandinavian Caledonian meet in thesampling area, and the border roughly followsthe River Driva. On the eastern side isthe Trondheim region, which contains mainlymedium-grade mica schists and greenstonesof the cambro-silurian age. The western sideis mainly basal gneiss region build up ofhigh­grade gneisses and schists of precambrianage. The differences in the geology are mostconspicuous when plants are considered. Theeastern side has a much higher diversity ofplant species than the western one. The samplingsites Stropla, Kallvella and Gluptjern(Tab. 1) are on the western side, and theremaining on the eastern. The streams andlakes in the Stropla area have pH in the range6.0 to 6.5, and the lake Kallvellsj6en is aboutpH 6.8. The River Driva and the streams andINTRODUCTIONDuring the years 1978 to 1984 the insectfauna of tbe Dovrefjell National Park wasintensively studied. This paper deals with thespecies distribution, abundance, flight pe­riods and zoogeographic views of the Limoni­idae. The limoniids are poorly known inNorway. Mendl & Solem (1972) mentionedonly very few papers dealing with the Limoniidaein Norway. The same conclusion canbe drawn today too. Since 1972, only oneadditional paper has reported on NorwegianLimoniidae (MendI 1984).STUDY AREA AND METHODSThis study was conducted in the DovrefjellNational Park, South Norway, where theKongsvoll Biological Station is located (62°ITN, 09°59'E, see Fig. 1). The River Driva is* Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biological lakes on the eastern side have pH in the rangestation.7.3 to 7.9 (Bretten unpubl. data).Fauna /lorv. Se,. E, 34: 63-72. Oslo 1987. 63

Idioptera (s. str.) macropteryx Tjeder,1955Idioptera (Phylidorea) squaIens (Zetter­stedt, 1838)Euphylidorea phaeostigma (Schummel,1829) .Neolimnomyia (Brachylimnophila) nemoralis(Meigen, 1818)Tribus ElephantomyiniPhylloIabis macroura Siebke, 1863ERIOPTERINAETribus CladuriniCrypteria limnophiloides Bergroth, 1913Chionea araneoides Dalman, 1816Tribus EriopteriniSympIecta (s. str.) hybrida (Meigen, 1804)SympIecta (s. str.) scotica Edwards, 1938Fig. 3. Map of North-Western Europe. The lettersshow geographical areas in Norway and Sweden,where species list~ hav.~ been used in comparison.D - Dovrefjel1, A - AngerAn, M - Messaure, T- Tornetriisk and V - Varanger.PEDICIINAETribus UliniUIa mollissima Haliday, 1833UIa syIvatica (Meigen, 1818)Tribus PediciiniTricyphona immacuIata (Meigen, 1804)Tricyphona schummeli Edwards, 1921Dicranota (s. str.) bimacuIata (Schummel,1829)Dicranota (s. str.) guerini Zetterstedt,1838Dicranota (Paradicranota) gracilipesWahlgren, 1905Dicranota (Paradicranota) pavida (Hali­day, 1833)Dicranota (Paradicranota) robusta Lund­strom, 1912Dicranota (RhaphidoIabis) exclusa Wal­ker, 1848HEXATOMINAETribus LimnophiliniEIoeophila trimacuIata (Zetterstedt, 1838)Idioptera (s. str.) fasciata (Linnaeus,1767)Tribus MolophiliniErioconopa diuturna (Walker, 1848)Erioconopa trivialis (Meigen, 1818)Cheilotrichia (Empeda) cinerascens (Meigen,1804)Ormosia (s. str.) fascipennis (Zetterstedt,1838)Ormosia (s. str.) pseudosimilis Lundstrom,1912Ormosia (s. str.) ruficauda (Zetterstedt,1838)Ormosia (s. str.) staegeriana Alexander,1953RhyphoIophus haemorrhoidalis (Zetterstedt,1838)MoIophilusflavus Goetghebuer, 1920Tribus GonomyiniRhabdomastix (Sacandaga) parva (Siebke,1873)LIMONIINAETribus AntochiniOrimarga attenuata (Walker, 1848)Tribus LimoniiniRhipidia duplicata (Doane, 1900)Dicranomyia (s. str.) didyma (Meigen,1804)Dicranomyia (s. str.) hyalinata (Zetterstedt,1850)Dicranomyia (s. str.) incisurata Lackschewitz,192865

Table I. Number of individuals of various species of Limoniinae collected in Malaise traps in the years1980, -81, -82, and -83 at streams in the Dovrefjell National Park. Raubekken and Blesbekken weresampled during 1980 and -81, and the 1981 data are given in brackets.Gluptj. Blesbk. Raubk. Dam B Dam C Kallvellsj. Stropla Blesbk. Raubk. GAvAlibk.1452 1350 1200 1200 1150 1150 1220 1289 1000 900 Dam E6 3N IDicranomyia incisurata I 8 3 I I 11Dicranola guerini 10 5 I 8 3 5Phyllolabis macroura I 12 146 139 (66) 263 99 50 42 342 (13) 113 (13) 81Limonia macrostigma 1 (I) I I (I)Eloephila Ir;maculala 2 ITricyphona immaculalQ 4 I (11) I 7 3 10 6 (9) I (10)Erioconopa trivialis 2 19Melanolimonia caledonica I I I (2) (3) 2 (I)Rhaphido/abis exclusda 2 11 23 (I)Dicranomyia modeslQ I I (I)Ormisa fascipennis I 7 5SympleclQ scolica 3 (2) I (6)IdiopJera macropteryx I I (3) 16 9 2 9 3 2 (2) 11Rhypolophus haemorhoidahs7 5 (2) (I)Ormosia staegeriana 2 ( 10) I I (I) 1 (I)Or;marga allenuala I ILimonia sylvico/a 6 I (3) I I (2) 19 (11) 2Dicranomyia hyaUnata 4 2 (2) 4 2 I 7 (I) 66Dicranomyia didyma I I I 15 (2) I ISymp/eCIQ hybrida I 1 I 2 (2)Dicranomyia aUlumna/is I 2 (I) (I)Ula mollissimaBrachy/imnophilanemora/is 4 (I) I 3 3 22 (6) 2 3M%philus flavus 5 ( 12) 14 (11 ) 2SphaeropygD sIigmatica 13 (8) 7 9 (3) 14 (14) 2 1IPhy/idorea squalens (I) ITricyphona schummeli (I) ISacandaga parva (I) 2 IErioconopa diulurna (4) I (7)Melanolimonia rujivenlris 2 2Ormosia pseudosimilisDicranola bimaculalaEuphylidorea phaeosligmaEmpeda cinerascensParadicranola gracilipesUla sylvalica 4R hipidia duplieala I (I)Idioplera jaseiala(I)Crypleria limnophiloidesIMelalimnobia zellerSledliIOrmosia rujicaudaIDicranomyia lerraeno vae(I)Chionea araneoides (4)Paradicranola robUSlaParadicranola pavida66

Dicranomyia (Me/anolimonia) rufiventris(Strobl, 1900)Dieranomyia (Sphaeropyga) autumnalis(Staeger, 1840)Dicranomyia (Sphaeropyga) stigmatiea(Meigen, 1830)Metalimnobia zetterstedti Tjeder, 1968Limonia macrostigma (Schummel, 1829)Limonia sy/vieo/a (Schummel, 1829)HABITATSOf the 45 species recorded, only 9 seem to beof terrestric origin. The remaining specieslive in aquatic or semiaquatic habitats. Speciesof terrestric origin are: Phyllo/abis maeroura,Limonia maerostigma, Dicranomyiamodesta (?), Limonia sy/vieo/a, Ula mollissima,U. sy/vieo/a, Rhiphidia duplieata, Metalimnobiazetterstedti, and Chionea araneoides.The dominant spcecies in the low andsubalpine zones is a terrestric species.DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCEOF SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREATab. 1 shows the number of species collectedat different sites during 1980 to 1983. Tab. 2gives species collected at different altitudes,and Tab. 3 relative abundance in the low andsubalpine zones.In the middle alpine zone, three species,Dicranota querini, Dicranomyia incisurataand Phyllo/abis maeroura were collected. D.querini is certainly a true inhabitant of thisbiotic zone, but because only one specimen ofeach of D. incisurata and P. macroura wasrecorded, these species may have flown orblown in from lower altitudes.In the low alpine zone, 36 species werecollected. The very dominating species wasPhyllo/abis macroura, which occurred at allsites and outnumbered other species at mostsites. Of 1125 specimens examined from thelow alpine zone,P. macroura made up 72.6%,and the remaining species had each a lowerpercentage than 3.6, which was estimated forIdioptera macropteryx.Thirty-seven species were caught in thesubalpine zone, and again Phyllo/abis maerourawas the dominant species, counting51.4% of 1006 individuals collected here. P.macroura was present at all sites investigatedin this zone. The second dominant specieswas Dicranomyia hyalinata, which represen­67

,[Table 3. Relative abundance of the most common species of Limoniidae in Malaise trap collections inlow and subalpine zones in Dovrefjell National Park.N = 1125 Low alpineN = 1006 SubalpinePhyllolabis macrouraIdioptera macropteryxTricyphona immaculataErioconopa trivialisSphaeropyga stimaticaMolophilus flavusDicranomyia hyalinataOrmosia staegerina72.6%3.6%3.3%1.9%1.9%1.5%1.4%1.2%Phyllolabis macrouraDicranomyia hyalinataSphaeropyga stigmaticaLimonia sylvicolaBrachylimnophila nemoralisTricyphona immaculataMolophilus flavusIdioptera macropteryxRhaphidolabis exclusaDicranomyia didymaErioconopa diuturnaDicranomyia incisurata51.5%7.7%7.0%3.6%3.6%2.8%2.8%2.5%2.4%1.9%1.4%1.2%ted 7.7% of numbers, and third was Sphaeropygastigmatica, counting for 7.0%. Thesetwo latter species occurred at 11 sites. Theremaining species in the subalpine zone madeup less than 4% each of the number of specimens.Of the species with low abundance,Trieyphona immaeu/ata and Limonia sy/vieo/awere found at 11 and 10 sites, respectively.All species recorded at 10 or more sitesmust be regarded as widely distributed in thearea sampled. Forty species were collected athalf or fewer number of sites sampled, and ofthese, 15 species were found at one site and 6at two sites only (Tab. 4), and are very locallydistributed or rare in the Dovrefjell NationalPark. Five species were recorded on the westernside only, and 10 species on the easternside only (Tab. 1).PHENOLOGYThe flight period of the Limoniidae in theDovrefjell mountains was June to October.Six species occurred as adults in June, 37 inJuly, 20 in August, 14 in September, and 10in October (see Tab. 5). The first species toappear were Idioptera macropteryx and Symp/eetahybrida. The latest species in autumnwere Dicranomyia hya/inata, Sphaeropygastigmatiea, and Chionea araneoides, ten species,Me/ano/imonia ea/edoniea, Idiopteramacropteryx, U/a mo//issima, Paradicranotarobusta, P. pavida, U/a sy/vatiea, Symp/eetahybrida, S. seotiea, Saeandaga parva, andRhipidia dup/ieata, fly in early summer. Late68summer and autumn species are Dicranomyiadidyma, D. autumna/is, D. modesta, D. terraenovae,Sphaeropyga stigmatiea, Chioneaaraneoides, and Erieonopa diuturna. Thelongest flight period had Dieranyomyia hya/inata,extending from July to October, andonly three more species, Sphaeropyga stigmatiea,Limonia sy/vieo/a, and Phy//o/abismacroura, and flight periods longer than twomonths.Table 4. Species collected at 1 or 2 sites only, andwhich are rare or locally abundant in the DovrefjellNational Park.1 site 2 sitesVIa mollissimaEloephila trimaculataDicranota bimaculata Erioconopa trivialisEuphylidorea phaeostigma Dicranomyia modestaEmpeda cinerascens Tricyphona schummeliParadicranota gracilipes Melanolimonia rufiventrisUla sylvaticaOrmosia pseudosimilisRhipidia duplicataIdioptera fasciataCrypteria limnophiloidesMetalimnobia zetterstedtiOrmosia ruficaudaDicranomyia terraenovaeChionea araneoidesParadicranota robustaParadicranota pavida

Table 5. Flight periods of Limoniidae in Dovrefjell National Park during 1980-83. The months aredivided in four equal parts.June July Aug Sept Oct2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2Idioptera macropteryx X X X X X X X XSymp/ecta hybrida X X X X X X XSymp/ecta scotica X X X X XDicranota guerini X X X X X X XU/a sy/vatica X X X XParadicranota robustaXIdioptera fasciataXParadicranota pavidaXMe/ano/imonia ca/edonica X XE/oephila trimacu/ata X XOrmosia fascipennis X X X X XU/a mo/isimaXSacandaga parva X X XM%philus flavus X X X X XRhaphido/abis exc/usa X X X X XBrachy/imnophilanemora/is X X X X X X XTricyphona immacu/ata X X X X X X XDicranomyia hya/inata X X X X X X X X X X X XDicranomyia incisurata X X X X X XPhy/idorea squa/ensXTricyphona schumme/i X XRhipidia dup/icata X XCrypteria /imnophi/oidesXLimonia macrostigma X X XMeta/imnobia zetterstedtiXOrmosia staegeriana X X X X X XOrmosia ruficaudaXRhyph%phus haemorrhoida/isX X XErioconopa trivia/is X X X XPhy//o/abis macroura X X X X X X X X X X XOrimarga attenuataXEuphy/idorea phaeostigma X XParadicranota graci/ipesXDicranota bimacu/ataXMe/ano/imonia rufiventris X X XOrmosia pseudosimi/is X XLimonia sy/vico/a X X X X X X X X XEmpeda sineracensXDicranomyia didyma X X X X X XDicranomyia modesta X XSphaeropyga stigmatica X X X X X X X XSphaeropyga autumna/is X X X XDicranomyia terraenovaeXEriconopa diuturna X X XChionea araneoides X X Xuntain area, 68°21 'N, l8°49'E; Messaur~, awoodland area, 66°42'N, 20 0 25'E; and Angeran,a coastland area, 63°55'N, 19°50'E)show some interesting features (Tab. 6, Fig.4). In general there are great similarities be-tween the Swedish localities, while the Dov­NUMBER OF SPECIES COLLECTEDPER MONTHA comparison of the number of species collectedper month between Dovrefjell N. P.and three Swedish areas (Tornetrask, a mo-69

,(Table 6. Number ofspecies collected each month, and their percentage each month of the total number ofspecies. Data given for Dovrefjell, Norway, and Tornetrask, Messaure and Angeran, Sweden. (Datafrom Varanger, North Norway, could not be used because the sampling was not continuous over thewarm season).May June July Aug Sept Oct NovDovrefjell/mountain area62° ITN, 09°59'E; n '" 45- 613.4%3782.2%2044.5%1431.1%1022.2%Tornetrask/mountain area68°21'N, 18°49'E; n '" 73- 912.3%5271.2%5676.7%1926.0%34.1%Messaure/woodland area66°42'N, 20 0 25'E; n '" 9322.2%3537.6%5660.2%6064.5%3941.9%1212.9%22.2%AngerAnlcoastal area63°35'N, 19°50'E; n '" 62 24.1%1562.9%3966.1%4143.5%278.0%51.6%refjell mountains differ in several features.Firstly, the peak in number ofspecies is muchmore pronounced at Dovrefjell, and secondly,a higher percentage of species arepresent in autumn at Dovrefjell than at theSwedish localities. The Dovrefjell and Tornetraskcollections both have a low numberof species in June, which certainly is causedby the late snowmelting in the mountains.While a definite peak in the number of speciesappeared in July at Dovrefjell, nearlyequal numbers were found in July and August,with the very peak in August, at theSwedish localities. The low number of speciesfound at Tornetrask in October comparedto what was the case at Dovrefjell, may berelated to the difference in daylength at thattime between Tornetrask and Dovrefjell(look at the difference in latitude). The percentagesgiven in Tab. 6 show a s~rprisingsimilarity between Messaure and AngerAnlocalities. The differences between these twoand Tornetrask and Dovrefjell, may be relatedto differences in altitudes between thelocalities. Dovrefjell and TornetraskJue mountainareas, while Messaure and Angeninare lowland areas.ZOOGEOGRAPHYDovrefjell N. P. has a very interesting Limoniidaefauna. We have listed 45 species fromthe area. Among these, Dicranomyia (s. str.)ineisurata is new for Scandinavia and NorthEurope. Three species, Dicranota (Paradieranota)robusta, Ufa mollissima and Sympleetaseotiea are new to the Norwegian70fauna. When comparing the list of speciesfrom Dovrefjell with other Scandinavianareas, we have 29 spp. in common with Varanger,North Norway (where 51 spp. werefound); 37 spp. with the Tornetrask mountains(73 spp); 33 spp. with the forest area inMessaure (9J spp); and 24 spp. with the coastalarea at AngerAn (62 spp.). Phyllolabrismacroura and Dicranomyia incisurata aretypical for montane or northern latitudeareas. Idioptera macropteryx, Sympleeta seoliea,Saeandaga parva, Dicranomyia hyalinataand D. terraenovae, have a northern distribution.The remaining species are more orless widely distributed in the western part ofPalaearctic. Sixteen of the species are distributedto the eastern part of Asia, and three,Ormosia fascipennis, Rhipidia duplieata andDicranomyia terraenovae also belong to theNorth American fauna (Tab. 7).NOTES ON SPECIESOf the species collected at Dovrefjell, thefollowing must be commented on specifi­cally.Dicranota (Paradicranota) robusta Lund­strom,1912Distribution: North and Middle Europe,Little Asia. Described from Finnish material,and later reported two times from Sweden(Smaland and Messaure). Reported also fromDenmark; Great Britain; Allgau, Germany;Austria and Jugoslavia. This is the first reportfrom Norway.

Table 7. Distribution of the Dovrefjell Limoniidae species in the Palearctic area. x = present, - = notpresent, I = also in North America.Varan- Abi- Mess- Anger-Species collected ger sko aure an Northern Eastat Dovrefjell (51 ) (73) (93) (62) species AsiaUla molissimaxUta sylvatica x x x x xTricyphona immaculata x x x xTricyphona schummeli x xDicranota bimaculata x x x xDicranota guerini x x x x xParadicranota gracilipes x x x xParadicranota pavidaxParadicranota robustaxRhaphidolabis exclusa x x x xEloeophila trimaculata x x xldioptera fasciata x x xldioptera macropteryx x x x x xPhylidorea squalens x x xEuphylidorea phaeostigma x x xBrachylimnophila nemoralis x x x x xPhyllolabis macrouraxCrypteria limnophiloidesxChionea araneoides x x x xSymplecta hybrida x x xSymplecta scotica x x xErioconopa diuturna x xErioconopa trivialis x x xEmpeda sineracens x xOrmosia fascipennis x x x X XlOrmosia pseudosimilis xOrmosia ruficauda x x xOrmosia staegeriana x xRhypholophushaemorrhoidalis x xMolophilus flavus x x xSacandaga parva x x xOrimarga attenuata x xRhipidia duplicata x x x XlDicranomyia didyma x x x xDicranomyia hyalinata x x x x x xDicranomyia incisurataxDicranomyia modesta x x x x xDicranomyia terraenovae x x x x X XlMelanolimonia caledonicaxMelanolimonia rufiventris x x x x xSphaeropyga autumnalis x x x xSphaeropyga stigmatica x x x xMetalimnobia zetterstedti x x xLimonia macrostigma x x x x xLimonia sylvicola x x x xUla mollissima Haliday, 1833 ( = Ula crassicaudaAgrell, 1945, syn.)Distribution: Great Britain, Sweden, CSSR,Germany, Austria, Switzerland. New toNorway.Idioptera macropteryx Tjeder, 1955Distribution: Norttl and Mid-Scandinavia,East Asia. Fairly common in the Varangerarea, but there is no report on this speciesfrom Finland, but surely it must occur also71

there. This is a northern species, and the Dovrefjellarea is the most southern site reportedin Scandinavia. In Norway earlier only reportedfrom the area at Skibotn and Varanger.Phyllolabis macroura Siebke, 1863Distribution: Scandinavia and the Alps. Aboreo-alpine species, and its great abundanceat Dovrefjell is somewhat surprising.Symplecta scotica Edwards, 1938Distribution: Great Britain, North Sweden(Messaure and Abisko), North Finland (Siitonenleg.). S. scotica is very close to S.hybrida, but they are distinguished by thewing venation characters given by Edwards.S. scotica is new to Norway.Rhabdomastix (Scandage) parva Siebke,1873Distribution: This species was describedfrom material collected at Dovrefjell: Dovre(Fokstuen and Drivdalen / type specimens!),North Sweden (Abisko and Messaure), Iceland.We have two more records from Norway;TRI, site at the road in northern Perskogen,1 female, 10 July 1984; HEN, at aswampy area near the road about 15 kmnorth-west of Tynset, 31 females, 2 July1985, Mendl leg. It is interesting to noticethat only females of this species have beencollected. A reliable question is; are we heredealing with a parthenogenetic species?Dicranomyia (s. str.) hyalinata Zetterstedt,1850Distribution: North Europe, North Asia toEast Asia.Dicranomyia (s. str.) incisurata Lacksche­witz, 1928Distribution: The Alps, Hohe Tatra, Mongo­lia. Described from Mongolia as D. sjostedti ent. Tidsskr. 19, 73-76.by Alexander, 1934, leg. Sven Hedin. D. inci­surata occur at higher altitudes. New toScandinavia and North Europe.72Dicranomyia (s. str.) terraenovae Alexander,1920Distribution: North-Eurasia. North America.This species was earlier reported as scarce inScandinavia, as here at Dovrefjell also. However,D. terraenovae obviously find optimalhabitats in forests, and is strongly attracted tolight. In the collections from Messaure, Sweden,D. terraenovae appeared in great abundancesin light trap collections, and also intraps that were located quite a distance fromwet areas.Dicranomyia (Sphaeropyga) stigmatica Meigen,1830Distribution: Europe. D. stigmatica is veryclose to D. nigristigma Nielsen, 1919, andwas described from Denmark. However, 'weare sure that our species is D. stigmatica,because one of us (H. Mendl) has seen nearlyall material from Scandinavia.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSupports to the field work of this paper hasbeen given by The Norwegian ResearchCouncil for Science and the Humanities,grant nos D.65.73-1O and D.65.73-032, givento J.O. Solem.REFERENCESMendl, H. 1974. Smllharkrankarna (Diptera Tipulidae:Limoniinae) i Messaureomrlldet. NorrbottensNatur, Argang 30, Smaskrift nr. 1,69-71.Mendl, H. 1979. Limoniiden (Ins.: Dipter!! Nematocera)aus dem Miindungsgebiet des Angerlln(Schweden, Angermanland). Fauna NorrlandicaVol. 2, 1-9.Mendl, H. 1979. Limoniidae (Diptera Nematocera)aus dem Gebiet des Tornetriisk (Schwedisch-Lappland).Fauna Norrlandica Vol. 5,1-39, III Tafeln.Mendl, H. 1984. Beitrag zur Limoniiden-Faunades Varanger-Gebietes (Norwegian: S0r Varanger/F0und Varanger-Halbinsel/Fn) (DipteraNematocera, Limoniidae). Fauna NorrlandicaVol. 6, 1-20.Mendl, H. & Solem, J.O. 1972. Notes on NorwegianLimoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae). NorskNordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter.Bergen Mus. Skr. 22, 1-607.R0nning, O.J. 1972. Vegetasjonslrere. Universitetsforlaget,Trondheim, 101 pp.Sj0rs, H. 1967. Amphi-Atlantic zonation. Nemoralto Arctic. In: Love, A. & Love, D. (eds.)North Atlantic biota and their history, PergamonPress, Oxford, pp 109-125.Tjeder, B. 1955. Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae,XIV, Diptera: Fam. Tipulidae. Opusc. Ent.1955, XX: 2-3,229-241.Received 1 Nov. 1986.

Collembola from the Dovrefjell National Park, South-Norway*ARNE FJELLBERGFjellberg, A. 1987. Collembola from the Dovrefjell National Park, South Norway.Fauna norv. Ser. B 34, 73-74.A list of 71 species, mainly from the Kongsvold area, is presented. A further 25-30species are expected by future studies. An early species list from Kongsvold, publishedby Linnaniemi (1911), is commented. His record of Tetracathella pilosa Sch6tt isconsidered dubious. The higher mountains in the park have a distinct element of rare,northern species.Arne Fjellberg, Troms0 Museum, N-9000 Troms0, Norway.INTRODUCTIONThe information on alpine Collembola in southNorway is found in Linnaniemi (1911)and Fjellberg (1975, 1976, 1980). The presentpaper is based on Linnaniemi (op. cit.),Fjellberg (1976) and additional material collectedby the author around Kongsvold in1979. A few records from outside the formalborders ofthe national park are included (locationin parenthesis following the speciesname). Species which were recorded by Linnaniemibut not recollected by the presentauthor, are marked with an asterisk in thespecies list.SPECIES LIST*Hypogastrura purpurescens (Lubbock), H.viatica (Tullberg) (on shore of Avsj0en), H.lapponica (Axelson), Ceratophysella scotica(Carp. & Evans), C. denticulata (Bagnall),Willemia denisi Mills ( = aspinata Stach), W.anophthalma (Borner), W. intermedia Mills,Friesea mirabilis (Tullberg), F. clavisetaAxelson, Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg,Micranurida pygmaea Borner, M. forsslundiGisin, Anurida alpina Agrell, Paranurasexpunctata Axelson, *Neanura muscorum(Ternpleton), Onychiurus absoloni (Borner),O. arcticus (Tullberg), O. pseudovanderdriftiGisin, Tullbergia arctica Wahlgren,T. italica Rusek, T. sylvatica Rusek, T. tenuisensillata(Rusek), Tetracanthella britannica.. Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biologicalstation.Fauna norv. SeT. B, 34: 73-74. Oslo 1987.Cassagnau, T. wahlgreni Linnaniemi, Pseudanurophorusbinoculatus Kseneman, P. inoculatusBodvarsson, Folsomia agrelli Gisin,F. diplophthalma (Axelson), F. dovrensisFjellberg, *F. fimataria (L.), F. nana Gisin, F.quadrioculata (Tullberg), F. sensibilis Kseneman,/soiomiella minor (Schiiffer), Proisotomaborealis (Axelson) (lake at Hjerkinn),P. subarctica Gisin, Agrenia hidenticualta(Tullberg), Vertagopus arcticus Martynova,V. cinereus (Nicolet), V. sarekensis (Wahlgren),V. westerlundi Reuter, /sotoma anglicanaLubbock, /. ekmani Fjellberg, */. fennicaReuter, I. hiemalis Schott, I. neglectaSchiiffer, /. notabilis Schiiffer, I. olivaceaTullberg, I. violacea Tullberg, /. viridis Bourlet,Entomobrya nivalis (L.), *E. marginata(Tullberg), *Orchesellaflavescens (Bourlet),Willowsia huski (Lubbock), Lepidocyrtuslignorum (Fabricius), *L. cyaneus Tullberg,*Tomocerus minutus (Tullberg), Sminthuridesmalmgreni(Tullberg), S. parvulus (Krausbauer),S. schoetti (Axelson), Arrhopalitesprincipalis Stach, Sminthurinus aureus (Lubbock),S. concolor (Meinert), *S. niger (Lubbock),*Bourletiella pruinosa (Tullberg),Deuterosminthurus rependus (Agren), Heterosminthurusclaviger Gisin, H. insignis(Reuter), *Sminthurus viridis (L.), *Dicyrtomafusca(Lucas).COMMENTSSome of the taxa mentioned by Linnaniemi(1911) are collective names: Hypogastruraarmata (Nicolet) is probably Ceratophysella73

denticulata, Onychiurus armatus (Tullberg)is probably O. pseudovanderdrifti, Tul/bergiakrausbaueri (Borner) could be a numberof species, but hardly krausbaueri s. Rusek,Tetracanthel/a pilosa Schott is probably T.britannica. The true pilosa is only foundtwice in Norway (Troms, Fjellberg unpubl.).In addition Linnaniemi's record of Bourletiel/apruinosa should be verified. The speciesmight have been confused with bothpistillumGisin and hortensis (Fitch) which probablyboth occure in the area, although they werenot present in the material at hand.The above list counts 71 species. Furthercollections in the area will probably uncoversom 25-30 additional species which are likelyto be present in the area (Fjellberg1980).Most of the species on record are commonand have a wide distribution in Norway. Themore rare species are found in the alpine habitats:Willemia intermedia, Anurida alpina,Tullbergia arctica, Pseudanurophorus inoculatus,Proisotoma subarctica, Vertagopus sarekensis,V. arcticus, Sminthurinus concolor.All these alpine species are present i northNorway as well, and appear to be more abundantthere. Vertagopus arcticus is frequent inthe high mountains in Troms and Finnmark,descending nearly to sea level in the Varangerpeninsula. In south Norway it is so far onlyseen in a single sample from the summit ofMt. Sn0hetta.REFERENCESFjellberg, A. 1975. Organization and dynamics ofCollembola populations on Hardangervidda.- In: Wielgolaski, F.E. (ed.). FennoscandianTundra Ecosystems, part 2. Springer Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 73-79.FjelIberg, A. 1976. Collembola from mountains inSouth Norway. Norw. J. Ent. 23, 127-137.Fjellberg, A. 1980. Identification keys to NorwegianCollembola. Norsk Entomologisk Forening,As. 152 pp.Linnaniemi, W.M. 1911. Zur Kenntnis der AptrygotenfaunaNorwegens. Bergens Mus. Aarb.1911 (1), 1-28.74

Bibionidae, Xylophagidae, Rhagionidae, Psilidae,-Micropezidae, Clusiidae and Piophilidae (Diptera)from the Dovretjell National Park, South Norway*LITA GREVE, JOHN O. SOLEM AND SIMEN BRETTENGreve, L., Solem, J.O. & Bretten, S. 1987. Bibionidae, Xylophagidae, Rhagionidae,Psilidae, Micropezidae, Clusiidae and Piophilidae (Diptera) from the Dovrefjell NationalPark, South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34, 75-79.Diptera belonging to the families Bibionidae, Xylophagidae, Rhagionidae, Micropezidae,and Clusiidae, together with some selected genera of Piophilidae and Psilidae,from the middle, low and sub-alpine zones ranging 1452 m to 900 m a.s.l., wereinvestigated. Species of Bibionidae, Xylophagidae, Clusiidae and Piophilidae are onlyreferred to, because they have been treated in previous papers.Three species of Rhagionidae were collected in Dovrefjell National Park: Rhagioscolopacea (L.), Symphoromyia crassicornis (Panzer) and Chrysopilus luteolus (Fallen).R. scolopacea and S. crassicornis are both common in the area, while C. luteolusoccur rarely in the sub-alpine zone. Flight periods for the common species are figured.The flight period for S. crassicornis is about the same in the Dovrefjell mountains andthe lowland of Norway. R. scolopacea flies later in the season in the mountains than inthe lowlands of Norway.Uta Greve, University of Bergen, Zoological Museum, Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen-Univ., Norway.John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Museum, Erling Skakkesgt. 47A,N-7000 Trondheim, Norway.Simen Bretten, Kongsvoll Biological Station, N-7340 Oppdal, Norway.INTRODUCTIONThe present paper deals with Diptera belongingto several different families collected inthe surroundings of Kongsvoll in the Dovrefjellmountains. The two families Psilidaeand Piophilidae are represented with selectedgenera only. For the remaining five families,all material sorted out have been treated.The area sampled is entirely within theDovrefjell National Park and the adjacentprotected area. Our national parks are areaswith a high degree of protection, and theinsect fauna is ofgreat interest because scien­tific documentation of the fauna will increasethe value of the parks as reference areas.The methods used for collecting were cho­sen to give a good survey of the aquatic insects,and the traps were therefore placednear running or still water. For those Dipterawhose larvae live in other habaitats than wa­ter, wet or marshy areas, collecting at othersites would probably give more comprehensivedata on flies in the Dovrefjell NationalPark.STUDY AREA AND METHODSThe study area was the surroundings ofKongsvoll Biological Station (62 0 ITN, 09 059'E) between the elevations 900 and 1452 m(Fig. 1). Two large geological regions in thesouthern Scandinavian Caledonian meet inthe sampling area, and the border roughlyfollows the River Driva. On the eastern sideis the Trondheim region, which containsmainly medium-grade schists and greensto­nes of the cambro-silurian age. The westernside is mainly a basal gneiss region built up ofhigh-grade gneisses and schists of precam­brian age. The differences in the geologybetween the eastern and the western side ofthe valley are most conspicuous when plantspecies are considered. The eastern side has a* Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biological much higher diversity of plant species thanstation.the western one. The sampling sites Stropla,FtlJDI/l norv. SeT. B, 34: 75-79. Oslo 1987. 75

Kallvellsj0enStroplsj0enKongsvoll Biological StationrI~I '..:

Univ. Bergen). B. nigriventris is widely distributedin Norwegian lowlands (Greve1987), and the site at Raubekken represents, the highest elevation of any sampling of B.nigriventris in Norway.According to Malaise trap samples, B. fulvipes,B. rufipes, B. pomonae and D. femoratusseem fairly evenly distributed in the subalpinezone. In the alpine zone, B. fulvipesmay be locally abundant and outnumber theremaining Bibionidae species. Readers whowant to know more details, are referred toGreve et al. (l984a).Faro. XylophagidaeOne species, Xylophagus compeditus Wiedemann,1851, was found in the area (Greveet al. 1984b). In addition to localities listed inGreve et al. (1984b), X. compeditus has alsobeen found in TRI Kvrenangen, Kvrenangen(Ent. coIl., Univ. Lund, Sweden), and in F0Porsanger, Kistrand (Zool. Mus., Univ.Oslo), and is thus recorded from all overNorway. X. competidus does not seem to bean abundant species in the Dovrefjell NationalPark. For more details, see Greve et al.(1984b).Faro. RhagionidaeThree species were found: Chrysopilus luteo­Ius (Fallen, 1814) (6 inds), Rhagio scolopacea(L., 1758) (12 inds) and Symphoromyiaerassicornis (Panzer, 1809) (20 inds). Numbersin brackets represent total number ofspecimens.1. Chrysopilus luteolus was not collected inthe survey done by Solem (1985), but 2 0'0' 3~~ were netted by Tore R. Nielsen on 8 July1966, at 800 m a.s.1. near the Biological Stationat Kongsvoll, and 1 ~ at GAvAlia on 20July at 1960 m a.s.1. Both localities are in thesub-alpine zone.C. luteolus has been found scattered inNorway north to northern part of Nordlandprovince (Greve 1984), but was not collectedin the survey of the International BiologicalProgram at Hardangervidda (Greve 1980).The locality at GavAlia at 960 m a.s.1. representsthe highest elevation known in Norway.2. Rhagio scolopacea was collected from twolocalities at Dovrefjell, GAvAlia and Raubekken,both in the sub-alpine zone. There arematerial collected near the Biological Stationat Kongsvoll in both Zool. Mus., Univ. Osloand Zool. Mus., Univ. Tromso.R. scolopacea is distributed all over Norway,and must be considered as very common.R. scolopacea was collected up to between1100 and 1200 m a.s.l., viz. the loweralpine zone on Hardangervidda (Greve 1980).In the lowlands of Norway, the flight periodcommence in late May, and terminates in lateJuly (Greve 1984). The flight period atKongsvoll was found to be late June and July(Fig. 1).3. Symphoromyia erassicornis was collectedat Blesbekken 1980 and 1981 at 1000 m a.s.l.,Raubekken at 900 m a.s.l., GAvAlia and GAvAlibekkenat 930 m a.s.1. In addition, thereare specimens in Zool. Mus., Univ. Bergen,collected near the Kongsvoll Biological Stationand Gronnbakken at 940 m a.s.!. S. erassicornisis a common fly in mountain areas inNorway, but rather rare in the lowlands(Greve 1984). S. erassicornis was collectedup to 1250 m a.s.1. at Hardangervidda (Greve1980). The flight period in the lowland commencein middle of July, most records arefrom July and a few from the first part ofAugust. The flight period in the Kongsvollarea is late June to early August (Tab. 1).Table 1. Flight period of Rhagio scolopacea (L.) and Symphoromyia crassicornis (Panzer) in theKongsvoll area. Numbers give monthly decades.June July AugustSpecies I 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3Rhagio scolopacea x X X XSymphoromyia erassicornis X X X X x77

Faro. PsilidaeMaterial of Psilidae was not sorted out of theMalaise trap samples. However, a recentcheck ofthis family in the collections of ZooI.Mus., Univ. Bergen, revealed one speciesprobably new to the fauna of Norway. Thisrecord was from the Dovrefjell NationalPark: STI Oppdal, Kongsvoll, I ~ , 890 ma.s.l., 8 July 1966, Psila (Psi/a) merdariaCollin, 1944. Some of the specimens in Bergenhad been determined as the closely relatedP. fimetaria (L., 1761). P. fimetaria wasoutnumbered by P. merdaria in the collectionchecked (2: 12), and this could indicate thatP. merdaria is the more common species. Lyneborg(1963) reports this trend in the Danishmaterial. The distribution ofP. merdaria(based on material in Bergen only) is: VE,HOY, HOI, SFI and TRY, viz. all over thecountry.Faro. MicropezidaeOne species, Calobata petronel/a (L., 1758),was collected from Blesbekken, 1000 m a.s.l.,and Raubekken, 900 m a.s.l. One female onlyfrom each locality. Material of C. petronel/ain Norwegian collections has been checkedand only one locality at Haugastol, Buskerudprovince, represents a sub-alpine habitat at990 m a.s.l. C. petronel/a is a common flyspecies in the lowlands all over Norway.Faro. ClusiidaeOne species, Clusiodes apicalis (Zetterstedt,1841), was recorded from Blesbekken (8inds). The family Clusiidae was treated byGreve & Midtgaard (1986), and the materialfrom Blesbekken included. C. apicalis isfound widely scattered in Norway.Faro. PiophilidaeOne species, Piophila (Amphipogon) flava(Zetterstedt, 1838), was sorted out from thematerial where it occurred in surprisingnumbers at some localities, see also Greve &Solem (1983). P.flava has been found scatteredin Norway. For more details, see Greve &Solem (1983).DISCUSSIONThe present investigation and earlier surveysin mountainous areas in Norway (Greve1980), show that the Rhagionidae, representedwith three sp~cies, is well established inalpine habitats. Sweep-netting is a good methodfor collecting these flies, and a highernumber of specimens were collected in theIBP survey at Hardangervidda, where suchnets were much used. C. luteolus was notcollected in Malaise traps, but solely bysweep-netting. Judged from material inNorwegian collections, C. luteolus will probablynot be found above the sub-alpinezone.R. scolopacea and S. crassicornis seem tohave stable populations in alpine habitats. S.crassicornis is common in the Kongsvollarea, as it was at Hardangervidda also (Greve1980). The species is fairly rare in the lowlands.This trend was first noted in Scandinavianmaterial by Ringdahl (1951). Theflight period ofR. scolopacea commence andterminates later in the season in the Kongsvollarea than in the lowlands. Such differencesbetween mountain and lowland populationsare commonly found in insects. This isnot found for S. crassicornis, where the flightperiod in the lowlands is approximately thesame as in the Kongsvoll area.The rhagionid genus Ptiolina was notfound in the material. Some Ptiolina speciesconfined to alpine habitats are rare, but havebeen recorded from a few areas in Norway.One record is from northern Oppland province,Dovre community, Svana, at about1200 m a.s.l., viz. an area bordering to theDovrefjell National Park. It is reason to believethat Ptiolina is also present in the DovrefjellNational Park, but that this genus preferother habitats than sampled in this survey.The genus is at present under revision, and itis still uncertain which species are representedin the Norwegian fauna outside the lowlandspecies P. obscura (Fallen, 1814).The Micropezidae and Psilidae are bothrepresented with a small material, which giveno basis for discussion. The families Bibionidae,Xylophagidae, Clusiidae and Piophilidaehave been treated extensively in earlierpublications referred to above.78

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSupports to the field work of this paper hasbeen given by The Norwegian Research Councilfor Science and the Humanities, grantnos D.6S.73-10 and D.6S.73-032, given toJ.O. Solem.REFERENCESGreve, L. 1980. Rhagionidae (Diptera). Fauna ofHardangervidda 15, 1-6. Univ. Bergen, Oslo,Tromso Pub!.Greve, L. 1984. Snappefluer (Rhagionidae) iNorge. Fauna, Oslo 37,6-10.Greve, L. 1987. Bibio nigriventris Haliday, 1833(Dipt. Bibionidae) in Norway. Fauna norv.Ser. B, 34, 19-22.Greve, L. & Midtgaard, F. 1986. The Clusiidae(Diptera) from the islands Haoya and Ostoyain the Oslofjord and a survey of th:: family inNorway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 33, 86-92.Greve, L. & Solem, J.O. 1983. Piophila (Amphipogon)flava (Zett., 1838) in Norway (Dipt.,Piophilidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B, 30, 81-83.Greve, L., Solem, J.O. & Olsen, A. 1984a. Distributionand flight period of Bibionidae(Dipt.) in Dovrefjell mountains near Kongsvoll,Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 31,88-91.Greve, L., Olsen, A. & Solem, J.O. 1984b. Xylophaguscompeditus Wiedemann, 1851 in Norway(Dipt., Xylophagidae). Fauna norv. Ser.B, 31, 111-113.Lyneborg, L. 1963. Danish Acalypterate Flies. 2.Psilidae, Platystomidae and Otitidae (Diptera).Ent. Meddr. 32, 367-388.Nordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter.Bergen Mus. Skr. 22, 1-607.Ringdahl, O. 1951. Flugor fran Lapplands, Jiimtlandsoch Hiirjedalens fjiilltrakter (DipteraBrachycera). Opusc. ent. 16, 113-116.Ronning, 0.1. 1972. Vegetasjonsltere. Universitetsforlaget,Oslo.Sjors, H. 1967. Amphi-Atlantic zonation. Nemoratto Arctic. Pp. 109-125 in Love, A. & Love,D. (Eds) North Atlantic biota and their history.Pergamon Press, Oxford.Solem, J.O. 1985. Distribution and biology ofcaddisflies (Trichoptera) in Dovrefjell mountains,Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 32,62-79.79

The thrips fauna near Kongsvoll in the Dovrefjellmountains (Sor-Trondelag County, South Norway);distribution and habitat/host plant. (Thys., Insecta)*ANDERS OLSENOlsen, A. 1987. The thrips fauna near Kongsvoll in the Dovrefjell mountains (Sor­Trondelag County, South Norway); distribution and habitat/host plant. (Thys., Insecta).Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34, 80--91.A total of 27 thrips species were recorded near Kongsvoll in the Dovrefjell mountains(840-1684 m a.s.!.). Ten species were recorded above the tree border (abt 1100 ma.s.!.). Only Apterothrips secticornis (Trybom), Aptinothrips stylifer Trybom andThrips vulgatissimus Haliday were found in the middle alpine (>1430 m a.s.!.). Severalspecies had low population densities in the area, probably due to climatic conditions orto lack of food plants near their elevation limit. Other species were present in highnumbers. The most abundant thrips species was T. vulgatissimus, whose larval developmentis largely dependent on the extensive SaUx vegetation in the area.Scolothrips uzeli ScilIe is reported from Norway for the first time.Anders Olsen, University of Trondheim, Department of Zoology, N-70SS Dragvoll,Norway.INTRODUCTIONKjellsen (1975) studied life history and populationdynamics of Aptinothrips styli/er Trybornand Apterothrips secticornis (Tryborn)on Hardangervidda (Hordaland County,West Norway). More recently Olsen & Solem(1982) listed some thrips records fromNorwegian highlands, and Olsen (1984) reportedsex ratios of three species of thripsliving near Kongsvoll in the Dovrefjell mountains(Sor-Trondelag County, Central Norway).Informations on the Norwegian alpinethrips fauna from other sources are fragmentary.The main objective of the present studywas an inventory of the thrips fauna at Dov­refjell. Collecting started in 1976, but themain field work was done during the summers1977, 1978, and 1984.Nomenclature and systematic arrangementof thrips species follow Jacot-Guillarmod(1970-78), apart from T. atratus Haliday,T. pini Uzel, and T. vulgatissimus Halidaywhich in accordance with Mound et al.(1976) are transferred from TaeniothripsAmyot & Serville to Thrips L. In addition,• Printing grant given by Kongsvoll biologicalstation.80the catalogue of Jacot-Guillarmod does atpresent not comprise subfam. Phlaeothripinae(fam. Phlaeothripidae, suborder Tubulifera),and nomenclature and systematic ar­rangement here follow Priesner (1964). Foridentifications the keys in Ahlberg (1926),Maltbrek (1932), Priesner (1964), Mound etal. (1976), and Schliephake & Klint (1979)were used. Plant nomenclature is in agree­ment with Lid (1974).SAMPLING LOCALITIESSampling was carried out near Kongsvoll inthe Dovrefjell mountains. The sampling areaincludes the upper part of the Drivdalen valley,H0gsnyta, Kongsvoll, Gr0nbakken, theGAvAlia areas, and the western parts of theKnutsho mountains. For detailed accountson geology, climate and vegetation in thearea, see e.g. Gjrerevoll (1975), Nordhagen(1943), Strand (1975).Because of conspicuous differences in vegetationand of course altitude, an individualspecies list is presented from each of the followingparts of the area sampled:1) The mixed vegetation along the Drivariver (840 to 940 m a.s.l.). Near Kongsvollbiological station small fields alternateFauna norv. SeT. B. 34: 80-91. Oslo 1987.

with heather moor, willow thickets, birchshrubs, and former fields and/or meadows indifferent regrowing stages. Agricultural impacton vegetation decreases to the north andthe south. In the north the birch forest stretchesdown to the valley bottom before shrubor heather moor take over. To the south theriver mainly flow through shrub or heathervegetation.2) The terrain against GAvAlia (abt 940 to1000 m a.s.l.). In the south and south-easternparts of the sampling area, against GAvAlia,there is a rather large poorly-wooded terrain,in which bogs and tarns alternate with heathersand ridges. The drier parts are largelycovered by shrubs dominated by Salix glaucaL., Salix lapponum L., and Betula nana L.,and, more scattered, Juniperus communis L.3) The subalpine birch forest (840 to 1100m a.s.l.). Both blueberry and meadow birchforests are present. In some localities, especiallyon the western side of the Drivdalenvalley, a luxuriant understory vegetation ispresent, often dominated by Aconitum septentrionaleKoelle and Geranium sylvaticumL.4) The lowalpine region (abt 1100 to1300-1450 m a.s.l.). Due to different propertiesof the rocky ground, a more diversealpine flora is present in the Knutsh6s areacompared to alpine areas on the western sideof the Drivdalen valley. However, on bothsides of the Drivdalen valley, there is a zonecharacterized by willow species just abovethe tree border. In particular, this kind ofvegetation is well developed in the slopes upto Midtre Kmitsh6 mountain, and the dominatingwillow species are Salix phylicijoliaL., S. glauca, S. lapponum, Salix lanata L.,and Salix myrsinites L.5) The middle-alpine region (1300-1450to 1684 m a.s.l.), is characterized by grassesand Cyperaceae species. No part of the samplingarea reach up to the high-alpine.MATERIAL AND METHODSCollecting methods included net-sweepingand beating vegetation over a plastic tray.Specimens were removed from the tray or thenet by a moistend tiny martenhair brush, oran aspirator. Also, specimens were washedoff infested vegetation in soap-containingwater in a special apparatus (e.g. Tayler &Smith 1955, Ota 1968). For separating thripsspecimens from vegetation and litter a batteryof ten Berlese-Tullgren funnels, modifiedaccording to Macfadyens (1955) smallfunnel extractor with air conditioning wasemployed. Flying specimens were caught inthree suction traps of the «exposed conetype» (Johnson 1950, Taylor 1951, 1962)without any segregation mechanism. In additionwater traps of different colours wereused.The material was collected into AGA(Mound et Pitkin 1972, Mound et al. 1976),and afterwards transferred to 60% alcohol. ALeitz binocular, ordinary with 10X oculars,and a standard plankton counting chamber (aplate of plexiglas, 129 x 68 x 8 mm, with fourgrooves, each 120 x 5 x 5 mm, the bredthmeasured at the bottom) were used for countingspecimens. For identification and structuralinvestigations a number of specimenswere mounted on microscope slides in CanadaBalsam or Hoyers mountat. The microscopeused was a Standard WL Zeiss researchmicroscope, with 12.5X oculars, 2.4X, 10X,25X, 40X, and 60X objectives, phase contrast,ocular and optovar (0.8X-l.6X).All the material is deposited in the collectionsof The University of Trondheim, TheMuseum, Zoological department.DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT/HOSTPLANT OF THE THRIPS SPECIESWiTHIN THE SAMPLING AREA INTHE DOVREFJELL MOUNTAINSIn Tab. 1 the available data on guest/hostrelationships and habitat preference of thethrips species at Dovrefjell are summarized.However, we should bear in mind that thripsare small insects easily spread by wind, andsome of the records may refer to animalsaccidently settled on unrelated vegetation.It is very difficult to judge how far theobserved distribution (Tab. 2) agrees withthe real species distribution in the area, becausethe collection effort varied from placeto place. In addition, several of the recordedspecies apparently have extremely low populationdensities at Dovrefjell and may therefore,by chance, have been missing in some ofthe collections. Nevertheless, it seems reasonablethat the observed distribution patternreflects differences in the climate and vegetationalcover between the localities. Thus, therelativly high number of thrips species recordedin the mixed vegetation along the Driva81

Table 1. Habitat/host plants for thrips species within the sampling area in the Dovrefjell mountains. ad:adult, Lt: first instar larvae, L2: second instar larvae, PP: pre-pupae, PI: first instar pupae, P2: secondinstar pupae. I) = only a single record.Altitude StageThrips species Habitat/host plant (abt m) ad.!r ad.o Ll L2 pp P] P::Aeolothrips ericaeAeolothrips faciatusSericothrips abnormisArctostaphylos alpina on a dry ridge~ sp. on meado.....Astragalus alpinus alonq the Et::> roadVegetation of grasses, A. alpinus etc.near the birch forest (beatinql1000900900950sericothrips gracilicornisTrifolium pratense along the E6 roadAstragalus frigidus in birch forestand elsewhereAstragalus a1pinus along the E6 roadAstragalus norvegicus along the E6 roadVegetation of Arctostaphylos alpinaetc. on a dry ridge near the E6 road(beating)Meado..... vegetation of Astragalus spp.Geranium sylvaticum. grasses etc.(beating)900

'I'able 1, continuesAltitude StageThrips species Habitat/host plant (abt m) ad.~ ad.o L1 L2 pp P1 p2Astragalus frigidus in birch forest

Table 1, continuesAltitude StageThrips species Habi tat/host plant labt m) ad.? ad.o Ll L2 pp PI P2Thrips vu19atissimusMe.9athrips lativentrisHaplothrips nigerHaplothrips propinquus:runiperus communis in birch forestand in the low alpine

Table 2. The thrips species recorded within each of the sampling localities in the Dovrefjell mountainsThe subalpine birch belt«850-1100 m a.s.l.)The alpine regions(>1100 m a.s.l.)The mixed The terrain The subvegetationThe low- The middle-along against alpine birch alpine alpinethe Driva river Gavalia forest region region(23 species) (11 species) (14 species) (l0 species) (3 species)Aeolothrips ericaeXAeolothrips faciatusXSericothrips abnormisXSericothrips gracilicornisX X XChirothrips hamatusChirothrips manicatusXXApterothrips secticornisXXXAptinothrips styliferX X XXBelothrips acuminatusXXOxythrips ajugaeXXOxythrips bicolorCeratothrips ericaeXX X X XFrankliniella tenuicornisXMycterothrips latus X X X XScolothrips uzeliTaeniothrips picipes X X XXXThrips atratusXXThrips dilatatus X X XXThrips hukkineniThrips juniperinusXX X XXThrips major X X XXThrips menyanthidisXThrips validusXThrips vulgatissimusX X XXMegathrips lativentrisXHaplothrips nigerXHaplothrips propinquusleXXXmay be related to the diverse flora and lowaltitude of this part of the sampling area.Correspondingly, the much lower number ofspecies recorded in the other parts of thesampling area may be ascribed to a morehomogenous vegetation, and/or the moreharsh climate at higher altitudes.The numbers of collected specimens shouldnot without caution be taken as an indicationof relative species density. For some speciesthe numbers also refer to large numbersof specimens collected for phenological studies,and the collection methods do not offerthe same efficiency for all species. On theother hand, several samples contain immatures,which, at present, have not been determined,a.nd hence are not included here.Aeolothrips ericae Bagnall, 1920The only record from Dovrefjell refers to asingle female specimen (f. mulleri) beatenfrom heather of Arctostaphylos alpina (L.)Spreng. in the terrain against Gavalia (abt1100 m a.s.l.) (Host plant reported by Olsen& Solem (1982) as Erica sp., was a writingerror of Ericaceae species.) In the vicinity ofTrondheim the preferred hosts of the speciesseem to be Trifolium pratense L. and Lotuscorniculatus L. (Olsen & Solem 1982). Recordsreported in the literature are predominantlyfrom plants belonging to Fabaceaeand Ericaceae, but in addition the species hasbeen collected from plants from a variety offamilies (Priesner 1926-28, Mound et al.1976, Schliephake & Klint 1979). Accordingto Bagnall, the larvae is carnivorous (Priesner1926-28).Aeolothrips faciatus (Linne, 1758)A single specimen, a male, was beaten fromTaraxacum sp. in the mixed vegetation alongDriva (abt 950 m a.s.l.). According to Jacot­Guillarmod (1970) and Schliephake & Klint(1979) the species is predator on thrips andmites, without any plant preference.85

Sericothrips abnormis (Karny, 1909)Two micropterous females were collected inthe mixed vegetation along Driva. One wasbeaten from Astragalus alpinus L., the otherswept from meadow, where also A. alpinuswas present. Elsewhere in Norway, the specieshas been collected from L. corniculatus(Olsen & Solem 1982). Mound et al. (1976)claim L. corniculatus to be the host species,while e.g. Priesner (1964) and Schliephake &Klint (1979) list additional Fabaceae genera.Sericothrips gracilicornis Williams, 1916A common species in flowers of Astragalusfrigidus L. and A. alpinus at the Dovrefjellmountains (colI. ad. + larvae, N » 100).Obviously more numerous in the birch forestthan in the other sampling localities. OnTjome (Vestfo1d county) and Rombakken(Nordland county) numerous specimens havebeen collected from V. cracca (Olsen & Solem1982), and according to Mound et al.(1976) and Schliephake & Klint (1979) Viciacracca L. is the preferred host of the species.However, records have also been reportedfrom other species ofLeguminosae, and fromunrelated plant genera as Galium, Salix, Melanpyrum,Teucrium, Secale, and A vena (Jacot-Guillarmod1971).Chirothrips hamatus Trybom, 1895Females and larvae were swept from Arrhenatherumpubescens in the mixed· vegetationalong the Driva river (coil. ad. + larvae, N >10). The species was not found on the commonAlopecurus geniculatus L., even thoughthe close relative Alopecurus pratensis L., inaddition to Phleum spp., belong to its mainhost plants elsewhere (Priesner 1964, Jacot­Guillarmod 1971, Schliephake & Klint 1979,Olsen & Solem 1982).Chirothrips manicatus Haliday, 1836Females were taken in the mixed vegetationalong the Driva river by suction traps, and bynet-sweeping on different meadow grass species(colI. N > 5). At the other localities thespecies was not found, although potentialhost vegetation for this rather polyphagousgrass-thrips species occurred there. It maytherefore be possible that the species reach itselevation limit abt 900 m a.s.l. in the area.Elsewhere in Norway specimens of C. manicatushave been collected from different grasses,but also from several other plants, e.g.Cal/una vulgaris (L.) Hull, Spergula arvensisL., V. cracca, Rosa sp., Hieracium sp., andTaraxacum sp. (Olsen & Solem 1982). Schliephake& Klint (1979) state Poa alpina L. tobe its preferred host, but records from othergrass species, and also from plants belongingto other plant groups, have been repeatedlyreported (e.g. Priesner 1926-28,1964, Jacot-Guillarmod1971, Mound et al. 1976,Schliephake & Klint 1979).Apterothrips secticornis (Trybom, 1896)Not uncommon on moist ground in the mixedvegetation along the Driva River, in the birchforest, and in the alpine regions (coil. ad. +larvae, N > 80). Females and larvae of thespecies were swept and beaten from differentgrasses, cut also from Pedicularis oederiWahl. Mond et al. (1976) and Schliephake &Klint (1979) claim grasses to be prime hostsof the species, although records from differentother plants have been reported (Priesner1926-28, Jacot-Guillarmod 1974).Aptinothrips stylifer Trybom, 1894Recorded from all parts of the sampling area,up to 1430 m a.s.l. (coil. ad. + larvae, N >>250). Most specimens were beaten or sweptfrom different grasses, but a few individualswere found on other plant species. Recordedalso on rich bogs. Accordantly, Priesner(1926-28) reported the species to extend itsdistribution up into the high mountains,predominantly on moist ground. The specieshas been reported from a wide array of grassspecies, although Dechampsia and Dactylusseem to be preferred hosts (Priesner 1926­28, 1964, Palmer 1975, Mound et al. 1976,Schliephake & Klint 1979). Also in Norwaythe species seem to be associated with Graminaespecies. However, specimens are commonlyfound on other plant species (Olsen &Solem 1982).Belothrips acuminatus (Haliday, 1836)Adults and larvae were collected from Galiumboreale L. on meadow in the mixed vegetationalong the Driva river and in the terrainagainst GAvAlia (coil. ad. + larvae, N >50). No records of the species from the birchforest and the alpine regions were made, althoughG. boreale is present up to above thetree border (personal observation). G. borealeseems to be its preferred host also near86

Trondheim (Olsen & Solem 1982), althoughJ acot-Guillarmod (1974) and Mound et al.(1976) report Galium vernum L. to be itsmain host plant. Indeed, both G. vernum andits relative Galium palustre L. are commonlyfound near Trondheim, but the species hasnot been found on these plants. In addition to theGalium species, B. aeuminatus has been recordedfrom other plants of the Rubiaceaefamily, in addition to plants belonging to severalother families, viz. Poaceae, Scropulariaceae,Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae,Caryophyllaceae, and Compositae (Jacot­Guillarmod 1974).Oxythrips ajugae Uzel, 1895Only f bieolor was recorded on Dovrefjell;two females on meadow in the mixed vegetationalong the Driva river and one female atabt 950 m a.s.l. in the birch forest. The speciesis commonly found on conifers, especiallyPinus spp. (Oettingen 1954, Priesner1964), and it is possible that O. ajugae isbound to the coniferous forest, which is verysparcely represented in the area. However,the species has been reported from a numberof shrubs and trees, e.g. Betula, Fraxinus,Fagus, Quereus, and Sorbus, and from herbaceousplants as Ajuga reptans L., Trolliuseuropaeus L., Gentiana lutea L., Ulex europaeusL., Gerista sp., Vaecinum myrtillus L.,and Medieago sativa L., together with grassesand grain species (Jacot-Guillarmod 1974,Schliephake & Klint 1979). However, it isnot stated whether or not collected specimensbelong to f bieolor. F. bieolor has been collectedfrom flowering Salix sp. near Trondheim,and from Pinus sylvestris L. nearTrondheim and in Rora in Nord-TrondelagCounty (Olsen & Solem 1982).Oxythrips bieolor (Reuter, 1879)A rare species in the sampling area at Dovrefjell.Two females were found in the mixedvegetation along Driva river, a third in thetransition zone between this area and thebirch forest (abt 950 m a.s.l.). The species hasbeen reported by several authors as commonin buds' and flowers of pine trees (Priesner1964, J acot-Guillarmod 1974, Mound et al.1976, Schliephake & Klint 1979), and this issupported by my own collections (Olsen &Solem 1982). As is supposed for O. ajuge, O.bieolor may be associated with the few coniferoustrees in the Kongsvoll area. However,the species is by several authors reportedfrom a variety of different plants (Priesner1926-28, Jacot-Guillarmod 1974, Olsen &Solem 1982).Ceratothrips erieae (Haliday, 1836)The species probably is firmly associatedwith the heather C. vulgaris in the Dovrefjellmountains, and records of C. erieae weremade in all parts of the collecting area, up toabove the tree border (coli. ad. + larvae, N >30). Accordingly records from additional 10­calities in Norway have predominantly beenmade from this heather species (Olsen & Solem1982). C. vulgaris, in addition to Erieaand Vaeeinum species, is claimed by severalauthors to be the main host plant of the species(Priesner 1926-28, 1964, Oettingen1954, zur Strassen 1973, Jacot-Guillarmod1974, Schliephake & Klint 1979).Frankliniella tenuieornis (Uzel, 1825)A single female was catched in a suction trapin the mixed vegetation along the Driva river.The seemingly very low density of this polyphagousgrass thrips species can not be relatedto lack offood, as excess of potential hostplant species is at hand. Elsewhere in Norwaylarge numbers of the species have been collectedfrom Seeale eereale L., in addition torecords from plant species including Berteroaineana (L.) DC., Agrostis sp., C. vulgaris, V.craeea, T. pratense, and A ehillea millefoliumL. (Olsen & Solem 1982). In previous literaturereported from Graminae; grain and grasses,but also from several flower plants (Priesner1926-28, 1964, Oettingen 1954, Jacot-Guillarmod1974, Mound et at. 1976,Schliephake & Klint 1979).Myeterothrips latus (Bagnall, 1912)Within the sampling localities in the Dovrefjellmountains M. latus follows its host plant,the common birch (B. pubeseens) up to thetree border (colI. ad. + larvae, N > 1300).Outside the birch forest the species was alsorecorded from single birch trees, and willpossibly always follow its host plant. Apartfrom the records from birch trees, a few individualswere collected from other plants.This always happened, however, in or inclose proximity to the birch forest, and in myopinion these records refer to specimens accidentlysettled on unrelated vegetation (01­sen unpubl.). Elsewhere the species has been87

collected from birch in Oslo, in Trondheim,and in Lavangen (Troms County). The hostspecifity of the species was first stated byMorison (1929), and has later been confirmedby several workers (e.g. Titschak 1967,Quick 1977).Scolothrips uzeli Schille, 1910Three females, two of which had not completedecdysis, were collected from J. communisin the low alpine region in the eastern part ofthe sampling areas on Dovrefjell. This is thefirst and, at present, the only record of thisspecies from Norway (EIS 79: Kongsvollnear Blesbekken, 14 July 1984, 3 ~~ on J.communis, 1250 m a.s.l.). Also previous recordsare from Juniperus (Priesner 1964,Schliephake & Klint 1979), where the species,according to Jacot-Guillarmod (1971)is feeding on mites.Taeniothrips picipes (Zetterstedt, 1828)A very common species in the sampling areasin the Dovrefjell mountains, up to about1200 m a.s.l. Adults and larvae were frequentlycollected from the large perennialsA. septentrionale and G. sylvaticum, but alsoother species, viz. Pedicularis oederi andBartsia alpina L., seemed to be true hosts ofthe species (coil. ad. + larvae, N > 4600).Schliephake & Klint (1979) state the speciesto be confined to Ranunculaceae in deciduousforest, but Priesner (1926-28) andMaltbrek (1932) report records from additionalplant species, notably typically springplants ofgenera as Primula, Anemone, Helleborus,and Dentaria. Similarly, near Trondheimnumerous adults have been found onthe early spring flowers Anemone nemorosaL. and Hepatica nobilis Mill., but always inthe vicinity of deciduous forests (Olsen &Solem 1982). Larvae have never been recordedon these plants, and probably the visitorscome there for feeding only. Besides, the floweringperiod of the plant species in concernmay be to ephemeral for complete developmentof T. picipes larvae.Thrips atratus Haliday, 1836Only two specimens, both females, have beenrecorded from Dovrefjell. One was caught inan emergence trap in the birch belt, about1000 m a.s.l. The other one was beaten fromflowering Melandrium rubrum (Weig.)Garcke near Kongsvoll biological station(900 m a.s.l.). Priesner (1926-28) reportsrecords of this species from localities up to2600 m a.s.l. in the Austrian Alps, presumablyfrom flowers of Cerastium uniflorumClairv. and Papaver alpinus L. Beyond that,the species has been reported from a verylarge number of plant species, although plantspecies belonging to Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae,and Compositae seem to be preferred(Priesner 1926-28, 1964, Jacot·Guillarmod1975, Mound et al. 1976, Schliephake& Klint 1979). Near Trondheim the specieshas been collected from C. vulgaris, A nemorosa,Campanula latifolia L., Campanula rotundifoliaL., T. pratense, and Taraxacum sp.(Olsen & Solem 1982).Thrips dilatatus Uzel, 1895Records of this species from the samplinglocalities on Dovrefjell have predominantlybeen made from vegetation on humid ground,notably from B. alpina and P.'oderi. Recordedfrom all the sampling localities, up to1150 m a.s.l. (coil. ad., N = 54). Accordantly,records reported in the literature are predominantlyfrom Scropulariaceae species, viz.Euphrasia, Pedicularis, and Rhinanthus (Priesner1926-28, 1964, Jacot-Guillarmod1975, Mound et al. 1976, Schliephake &Klint 1979), generally in humid places(Schliephake & Klint 1979). However, nearTrondheim numerous specimens have beencollected by net-sweeping and beating meadowherbace in rather dry localities (Olsen &Solem 1982). Except for one macropterousand one hemimacropterous female, all specimensrecorded from Dovrefjell were micropterous.Thrips hukkineni Priesner, 1937In the Dovrefjell mountains collected mainlyfrom T. pratense, Hieracium sp. and Calthapalustris L. in the mixed vegetation alongDriva (coIl. ad. N > 130). Elsewhere in Norwayrecorded from different Taraxacum andHieracium species, but also from other plantspecies, e.g. Solidago virgaurea L., C. rotundifolia.Matricaria inodora L., Chrysanthemumleucanthemum L., S. cereale, V. cracca,and A. millefolium (Olsen & Solem 1982).Accordantly, previous records are predominantlyfrom Compositae species, but alsofrom several other plants (Priesner 1964, Jacot-Juillarmod1975).88

gous (e.g. Jacot-Guillarmod 1975, Mound etal. 1976, Schliephake & Klint 1979), andMorison (1929) reports records from 102 nativeplants species in Great Britain.Megathrips lativentris (Heeger, 1852)At Dovrefjell recorded from litter in the birchforest (coll. ad. + larvae, N > 10). Also nearTrondheim the species has been recorded in asimilar habitat (Olsen & Solem 1982), andaccording to Mound et al. (1976) it feeds onfungus spores. Previously recorded from litterunder Salix, Corylus, Betula, Fagus, andQuercus, in addition to records from theplant species Acer campestre L., U. europaeus,grass, and Erica arborea L. (Priesner1926-28, 1964, Mound et al. 1976, Jacot­Guillarmod 1978). Also recorded from nestsof birds and rodents (Schliephake & Klint1979).Haplothrips niger (Osborn, 1883)Only recorded from the mixed vegetationalong the Driva river in the Dovrefjell mountains,in which locality numerous specimenswere collected from T. pratense along theroadside (colI. ad. + larvae, N > 130). Above900 m a.s.l. no records of the species weremade, although T. pratense is commonly foundup to about the tree border. Also nearTrondheim T. pratense apparently is themain host.of the species, although single individualshave been found on other plants(Olsen & Solem 1982). Accordantly, Priesner(1964) states T. pratense as the mainhost of the species, although he reports recordsfrom other Trifolium species, in additionto records from other plants, viz. A nthyllis,Astragalus, Coronilla, Cytisus, Robinia,Lotus and Medicago.Haplothrips propinguusBagnall, 1933Within the sampling areas in the Dovrefjellmountains, numerous specimens were collectedfrom A. millefolium in the mixed vegetationalong Driva (coll. ad. + larvae, N >1400). However, as was the situation for H.niger, the species was not recorded aboveabout 900 m a.s.l. A. millefolium is reportedto be the main host of the species by bothMound et al. (1976) and Schliephake & Klint(1979), and also near Trondheim this is apparentlythe situation. However, single specimensare, in addition, recorded from otherplants, viz. M. inodora and C. latifolia (Olsen& Solem 1982).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am greatly indebted to Dr. J.O. Solem(Trondheim, Norway), for valuable practicalhelp and professional guiding during the presentstudy. I also wish to thank Dr., L. A.Mound (England) and Dr. R. zur Strassen(BRD), who have checked my determinationson thrips species and corrected some ofthem. Simen Bretten and his wife Eli offeredme practical help and suitable working andliving conditions during the field work in theDovrefjell mountains, and this is highly appreciated.Finally I will thank I. Harder, whohas made the typing.REFERENCESAhlberg, O. 1926. Tripsar. Thysanoptera. Svenskinsektfauna 6, 1-62.Gjrerevoll, O. 1975. Vegetasjon og flora. Pp. 41­70 in Dovrefjell og Ormtjernkampen. LutherForlag.Jacot-Guillarmod, C.F. 1970. Catalogue of theThysanoptera of the world (Pt. 1). Ann. Cape.Prov. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 7, 1-216.Jacot-Guillarmod, C.F. 1971. Catalogue of theThysanoptera of the world (Pt. 2). Ann. Cape.Prov. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 7, 217-515.Jacot-Guillarmod, C.F. 1974. Catalogue of theThysanoptera of the world (Pt. 3). Ann. Cape.Prov. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 7, 517-976.Jacot-Guillarmod, C.F. 1975. Catalogue of theThysanoptera of the world (Pt. 4). Ann. Cape.Prov. Mus. (Nat.'Hist.) 7, 977-1255.Jacot-Guillarmod, C.F. 1978. Catalogue of theThysanoptera of the world (Pt. 5). Ann. Cape.Prov. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 7, 1257-1556.J ohnson, C.G. 1950. A suction trap for small airborneinsects which automatically segregatesthe catch into successive hourly samples. Ann.appl. Bioi. 37, 80-91.Kjellsen, E. 1975. Dynamics of Thysanoptera populationson Hardangervidda. Ecological studies17. Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystemspart 2, 80-83.Lid. J. 1974. Norsk og svensk flora. Det norskesamlaget, Oslo.Macfadyen, A. 1955. A comparison of methodsfor extracting soil arthropods. Pp. 315-332 inKevan, D.K. McE. (Ed.) Soil Zoology. Universityof Nottingham School of Agriculture.Morison, G.D. 1929. Observations and recordsfor some Thysanoptera from Great Britain. 5.Physothrips spp. Ent. mono mag. 65, 22-28.90

Maltbrek, J. 1932. Frynsevinger. Danmarksfauna37, 1-146. Kobenhavn.Mound, L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R., & Palmer,J.M. 1976. Thysanoptera. Handbooksforthe Identification ofBritish Insects 1(11), 1­79. London.Mound, L.A. & Pitkin, B.R. 1972. Microscopicwhole mounts of thrips (Thysanoptera). Entomologist'sGaz. 23, 121-125.Oettingen, H. 1954. Zur ThysanopterenfaunaSchwedens. Entomo/. Tidsskr. 75, 134-150.Nordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter.Bergen Mus. Skr. 22, 1-607.0lsen, A. 1984. The sex ratios of three species ofthrips, Mycterothrips latus (Bagnall), Thripsvulgatissimus Haliday, and Taeniothrips picipes(Zetterstedt) in the Dovrefjell mountains(Thys., Thripidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B, 31,77-80.Olsen, A. & Solem, J.O. 1982. On the Norwegianthrips fauna (Thysanoptera). Fauna norv. Ser.B 29,5-16.Ota, A.K. 1968. Comparison of three methods ofextracting the flower thrips from rose flowers.J. econ. Ent. 61, 1754-1755.Palmer, J.M. 1975. The grassliving genus AptinothripsHaliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J.Entomol. Ser. B44, 175-188.Priesner, H. 1926-28. Die Thysanopteren Europas.(Wien 1928). Neudruck A. Asher & Co.,Amsterdam 1963.755 pp.Priesner, H. 1964. Ordnung Thysanoptera. Bestimmungsbiicherzur Bodenfauna Europas. Liferung2, 1-241.Quick, U. 1977. New records and notes on theSwedish Thrips Fauna (Thysanoptera). Ent.Tidsskt-. 98, 127-131.Schliephake, G. & Klint, K. 1979. Thysanoptera,Franzenflygler. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. 66Teil,I-477.Strand, T. 1975. Vegetasjon og flora. Pp. 21-23in Dovrefjell og Ormtjernkampen. Luther Forlag.Strassen, R. zur. 1973. Zur Faunistik und Zoogeographieder Thysanopterenfauna der Azorenim Mittes-Atlantik. Bo/. Mus. Munic. Funchal27,26-50.Taylor, E.A., & Smith, F.F. 1955. Three methodsfor extracting thrips and other insects from roseflowers. J. eco/. Ent. 48, 767-768.Taylor, L.R. 1951. An improved suction trap forinsects. Ann. appl. Bioi. 38, 582-591.Taylor, L.R. 1962. The absolute efficiency of insectsuction traps. Ann. appl. Bio/. 50, 405­421.Titchak, E. 1967. Untersuchungen zur Systematikdeutcher Thysanoptera. 4. Taeniothrips latus(Bagnall) and Taeniothrips propinguus (Bagnail).Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. N.F. 14, 213­236.Received 1 Nov. 1986.91

( Short communications)FOUR SPECIES OF TIPULIDAE (DIPTERA)NEW TO NORWAYTROND HOFSVANGTipula (Lunatipula) alpina Loew, 1873, Tipula(Savtshenkia) staegeri Nielsen, 1922, Tipula(Savtshenkia) benesignata Mannheims, 1954 andTipula (Pterelachisus) middendorffi Lackschewitz,1936 are reported from Norway for the firsttime.Trond Hofsvang, Norwegian Plant Protection Institute,Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 70,N-1432 As-NLH, Norway.One male of Tipula (Lunatipula) alpina Loew,1873 was collected in oak woods 4 July 1978 inAAY Grimstad: Hesnes (EIS 6). According toTjeder (1955) the species is reported from SkAneand Bohuslan in Sweden.In Zoological Museum, University of Bergen,are two males and one female of Tipula (Savtshenkia)staegeri Nielsen, 1922 from HOY Bergen;Fana (EIS 30), 26 September 1965 (leg. A. L0ken,det. B. Tjeder). This material have not previouslybeen published, and the species is new to the Norwegianfauna. In Sweden this species is collectedin SkAne and Vastergotland (Tjeder 1955).One male of Tipula (Savtshenkia) benesignataMannheims, 1954 was caught in a suburb gardenin AK Oslo: Munkerud (EIS 28) 1 September1985. T. (S.) benesignata is known from Dalarne,Lycksele Lappmark, Lule Lappmark and TorneLappmark in Sweden (Tjeder 1974).In the surroundings of Kongsvoll in the Dovrefjellmountains (STI Oppdal: Kongsvoll, EIS 79)an extensive investigation ofthe insect fauna havebeen carried out. Several males of Tipula (Pterelachisus)middendorffi Lackschewitz, 1936 werecaught in Malaise traps (leg. J.O. Solem). Moreinformation on distribution, phenology etc. willbe published elsewhere (Hofsvang et al. 1987). T.(P.) middendorffiis reported new to Fennoscandia(Theowald 1980).Tipulidae (Diptera) in the Dovrefjell NationalPark, South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 34 (inpress).Theowald, Br. 1980. Tipulidae. - In: Lindner, E.(ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region,15. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 437-538.Tjeder, B. 1955. Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae.XIV. Diptera: Fam. Tipulidae. Opusc. Ent. 20,229-247.Tjeder, B. 1974. Harkrankar (Tipulidae, partim)och Glansmyggor (Ptychopteridae) in MessaureomrAdet.Norrbottens Natur, smaskrift, nr. 1,1-5.Received 14 April 1986ANOMALOUS MALE OF APATANIASTIGMATELLA (ZETTERSTEDT)(TRICHOPTERA, LIMNEPHILIDAE)JOHN O. SOLEMA male of Apatania stigmatella (Zetterstedt),which had not developed claspers Qn the genitalia,is figured and commented on.John O. Solem, University ofTrondheim, the Museum,Erling Skakkesgt. 47, 7000 Trondheim.In a light trap collection of caddisflies, sampled atEngan, Oppdal county, S.-Trondelag province, 11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI wish to thank Dr. Bo Tjeder, Lund and LitaGreve Jensen, Zoological Museum, Bergen, forpermission to include unpublished data on T. (S.)staegeri.REFERENCESHofsvang, T., Solem, J.O. & Bretten, S. 1987.Distribution and seasonal abundance of adult92Fig. 1. Lateral view of the Apatania stigmatellamale, which had not developed claspers.Fauna norY. Ser. H, 34: Oslo 1987.

--_..- ---~---'Aug. 1977, a male Apatania stigmatella, whichdiffered from the normal A. stigmatella males, wasfound. This odd specimen was also normal looking,except for the genitalia. Here, the clasperswere missing (Fig. I). The claspers are quite conspicuousin A. stigmatella males, but in this specimen,they had never developed. At the first sightthe specimen looked as a new species, but morethorough examination revealed that the remainingparts of the genitalia agreed with those ofa normalA. stigmatella male. I have seen several hundredsof males from this area, and this was the onlyanomalous A. stigmatella found. Normal lookingmales of A. stigmatella are figured in e.g. Malicky(1983) and Tobias & Tobias (1981).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am indebted to J.O. Solem for loan of alcoholpreserved material from the Zoological Museumof Trondheim.REFERENCESSchmiedeknecht, O. 1930. Die HymenopterenNord- und Mitteleuropas. Verlag Gustav Fisher,Jena. 1062 pp.REFERENCESMalicky, H. 1983. Atlas ofEuropean Trichoptera.Series Entomol. 24. Junk Publishers, The Hague.Tobias, W. & Tobias, D. 1981. Trichoptera Germanica.Bestimmungstafeln filr die deutschenKocherfliegen. Teil I: Imagines. Cour. Forsch.-Inst.Senckenberg 49. Frankfurt a.M.Received 2 April 1986TRICHONCUS VASCONICUS DENIS(ARANEAE, LINYPHIIDAE) NEW TONORWAYERLING HAUGEABSTRACTThe species (1 a + I i.? ) was registered for the firsttime in Norway, in an open coastal habitat in thesouth-eastern part of the country.Hauge, E., Zoological Museum, University of Bergen,Museplass 3, N-5000 Bergen, Norway.AGRIOTYPUS ARMATUS CURTIS, 1832(HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE,AGRIOTYPINAE) IN NORWAYFRED MIDTGAARDABSTRACTAgriotypus armatus Curtis, 1832 (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Agriotypinae) is reported new tothe Norwegian fauna. Two specimens were foundat Agdenes in Central Norway.Feed Midtgaard, Norwegian Forest Reseach Institute,P.O. Box 61, N-1432 AS-NLH, Norway.In alcohol preserved material from STY, Agdenes:Storvatnet, EIS 96, 23 Jun. 1973, leg. Solem, colI.Zoological Museum ofTrondheim, two females ofthe striking species Agriotypus armatus Curtis,1832 were found.I have not seen any record of this species fromNorway, but it has been found in e.g. Sweden andEngland (Schmiedeknecht 1930) and could be expectedhere also.Only this species is known from Europe withinthe subfamily Agriotypinae, which by Schmiedeknecht(1930) was regarded as a separate family.The larva parasites larvae of Trichoptera living inmountain rivers (Schmiedeknecht 1930).Fauna norv. Ser. B. 34: Oslo 1987.One a and I i.? were found at Grimestad (VE:Tj0me)(south-eastern Norway)Ju1y 11, 1985 (A.Fjeldsa colI.) in a very dry locality dominated byopen bedrock (dark eruptives) and grasses. Presentwere also some Viscaria vulgaris, Rumex acetocellaand Silene maritima.The systematic status of this species is uncertain(see Locket et al. 1974, Brignoli 1983) and it isdifficult to distinguish from T. saxicola (O.P.­Cambridge) and T. affinis Kulczynski. The presentspecimens have been identified according todescriptions given by Wiehle (1960) and Locket etal. (1974). Especially the dark coloured tibiae 1+11 have been a decicive character. The species isnew to Norway, and is probably the only species ofthe genus occurring in the nordic countries, whereit seems to be restricted to coastal areas.REFERENCESBrignoli, P.M. 1983. A catalogue of the Araneaedescribed between 1940 and 1981. ManchesterUniversity Press, 755 pp.Locket, G.H., Millidge, A.P. and Merrett, P. 1974.British Spiders Ill. Ray Society, London, 314pp.Wiehle, H. 1960. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea(Araneae), XI: Micryphantidae-Zwergspinnen.Tierwelt Dtl. 47. Jena, 620 pp.93

ADDITIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OFTHE NORWEGIAN SPIDER FAUNA(ARANEAE).ERLING HAUGEABSTRACTHauge, E. 1987. Additions to the knowledge of theNorwegian spider fauna (Araneae). Fauna norv.Ser. B 34, 94-95.Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer), Araniella opistographa(Kulszynski), Dipoena tristis (Hahn),Dictyna latens (Fabricius) and Clubiona diversaO. P. Cambridge are reported for the first time inNorway, Salticus zebraneus (C. L. Koch) is reportedfor the second time. Brief comments on thespecies' pattern of distribution are given.Erling Hauge, Zoological Museum, Museplass 3,University of Bergen, N-5000 Bergen, Norway.The examination of a small collection of spidersfrom south-eastern Norway has resulted in onespecies previously reported only once in Norwayand 5 species new to the country.The sampling methode has been with sweep net.The collector is Mr. Arild Fjeldsll., to whom I amvery thankful!.94The species are:Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer)At YE: Tj0me, Mostranda, 3 males and 3 femaleswere collected 2 July 1983 in a dry meadow. Thespecies is new to Norway.This is a palaearctic species (Roewer 1942)which is distributed far into the east (Proszynski &Starega 1971). A southern species in Britain (seeLocket & al. 1974). According to Braun & Rabeler(1969) and Maurer (1978) the species is absentfrom Northern Europe. However, it has been reportedfrom Denmark (B0ggild 1961, 1962), fromSouthern Sweden (Kronestedt 1983) and in theUSSR (Estonia) (Vilbaste 1972, 1980, 1981). It isabsent from the check list of Finland (Palmgren1977). Thus the species probably is close to itsnorthern limit of distribution in this Vestfold locality.A raniella opistographa (Kulczynski).One male was found together with the N. adiantaspecimens 20 Juli 1983, and is identified withreference to Locket & Millidge (1953, Text-fig.98B). Much more uncertain are 2 females caught14 July 1986 in a thicket ofPopulus tremula in thesame area as the males. The epigynes are, however,provided with a relatively long scaphus (seeLocket & a!. 1974)The species is distributed in England and MiddelEurope from Switzerland and Balkan north tothe USSR (Estonia) (Braun & Rabeler 1969,Braun 1969). In the Nordic countries it is restrictedto Southern Sweden (Holm 1977) and tosouth-eastern Finland (Palmgren 1974a). It haspreviously not been reported from Norway, butmay earlier have been confused with the very similarA. cucurbitina (Clerck).Dipoena tristis (Hahn).One female was found at AK: Oslo, Sandemll.sen(close to the border of Ski community) 6 July1983 on a turf moor.This is a species of Middle-Eastern and SoutheasternEurope, according to Roewer (1942). InEngland and Ireland it seems to be uncommon andrestricted to the southern parts (see Locket & al.1974). It has been reported once in Denmark (Larsen& B0ggild 1970), and also in the southernparts ofSweden (Kronestedt 1983). In Finland, onthe contrary, it seems to be quite common and isdistributed far north (Palmgren 1974b). The speciesis new to Norway.Dictyna latens (Fabricius).Two males were found at YE: Tj0me, Mostranda,20 July 1983 (together with N. adianta). The firstrecord in Norway.According to Roewer (1954) the species is widespreadin Europe. It is, however, in the Nordiccountries restricted to southern and south-easternparts of Sweden (Kronestedt 1983) and to thesouth-western corner of Finland (Palmgren 1977).Also in the British Isles the species has a southerndistribution. The northernmost record is in themost southern part of Scotland (see Locket & al.1974).Clubiona diversa O. P. Cambridge.One male was found at YE: Tj0me, Mostrands, 8July 1983 in a Phragmites-vegetation. The speciesis new to Norway.A European species, previously known north toNorthern Scotland (Locket & al. 1974), Denmark(B0ggild 1961, Larsen & B0ggild 1970), Southernand South-western Sweden (Kronestedt 1983)and close to the southern coast of Finland (Huhta1971, Palmgren 1977).Salticus zebraneus (c. L. Kock).One male was found at YE: Tj0me Moutmarka, 28June 1985, in a meadow with tall herbs.A south European species, according to Braun(1969). In England known only from the south-­eastern areas (Locket & a!. 1974). It is reportedonce in Denmark (Zealand) (Larsen & B0ggild1970). In Sweden it is known (but obviouslysparse) in the southern areas north to S0dermannland(Tullgren 1944), which probably representedthe northern limit of distribution, together with aprevious report from SE Norway (Akershus)(Waaler 1967) and that from SE Finland (Karelen)(Palmgren 1977).REFERENCESBraun, R. 1969. Zur Autokologie und Phanologieder Spinnen (Araneida) des Naturschutzgebietes«Mainzer Sand». Gieichzeitig ein BeitragFauna norv. Ser. B. 34: 94-95. Oslo 1987.

zur Kenntnis der Thermopilie bei Spinnen.Mainzer naturw. Arch. 8, 193-289.Braun, R. & W. Rabeler 1969. Zur Autokologieund Phiinologie der Spinnenfauna des nordwestdeutschenAltmoranen-Gebiets. A bh. senckenb.naturforsch. Ges. 522, 1-89.B0ggild, O. 1961. Spiders from the dunes at Tranum,N. W.-Jutland. Ent. medd. 31,3-6.- 1962. Spiders from Bommerlund Plantation, aspruce forest in South Jutland. Ent. medd. 31,225-235.Holm, A. 1977. Kullabergs spindlar. KullabergsNatur 15, 1-29.Huhta, V. 1971. Succsession in the spider communityof the forest floor after clear-cutting andprescribed burning. Ann. zoo/. fenn. 8, 483­542. ..Kronestedt, T. 1983. Spindlar pli Olands Storaalvar. Ent. tidsskr. 104, 183-212.Larsen, P. & O. B0ggild 1970. Faunistic notes onDanish spiders (Araneae). I. Ent. medd. 38,303-347.Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge 1953. British spiders2, Ray Society, London. 449 pp.Locket, G. H., Millidge, A. F. & P. Merrett 1974.British spiders 3, Ray Society, London 314 pp.Maurer, R. 1978. Kata/og der SchweizerischenSpinnen (Araneae). Universitat ZUrich, ZoologischesMuseum. 113 pp.Palmgren. P. 1974a. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlandsund Ostfennoskandiens. IV. Argiopidae, Tetragnathidaeund Mimetidae. Fauna fenn. 24,1-70.- 1974b. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoscandiens.V. Fauna fenn. 26, 1-54.- 1977. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und OstfennoskandiensVIII. Argyronetidae, Agelenidae,Hahniidae, Dictynidae, Amaurobiidae,Titanoecidae, Segestridae, Pholcidae und Sicariidae.Anhang: Bestimmungstabelle der inFinnland reprasentierten Spinnenfamilien undkommentiertes Register der Teile I-VIII derSpinnenfauna. Faunafenn. 30, 1-50.Pr6szynski, J. & W. Starega 1971. Pajaki. Aranei.Kat. Fauny po/ski 32. 1-382.Roewer, C. F. 1942. Kata/og der Araneae 1. Bremen1942. 1-1037.- 1954. Kata/og der Araneae 2a. Bruxelles 1954.1-923.Vilbaste, A. 1972. On the structure and seasonaldynamics of the spider fauna ofEstonian raisedbogs. Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim. (Bio/.) 21,307-326.- 1980. The spider fauna of Estonian mires. Ibid.29,313-327.- 1981. The spider fauna of Estonian mires. Ibid.30,7-17.Tullgren, A. 1944. Sa/ticidae, Thomisidae. Phi/odromidaeoch Eusparassidae. Svensk Spinde/­fauna 3, Fam. 5-7. Entomologiska Foreningen,Stockholm. 138 pp.Waaler, P. F. 1967. A collection of spiders fromSon, Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 14, 91.Received 16 Dec. 1986.95

TRON SOOT-RYEN; MUSEUMSMANN OGENTOMOLOGARNE FJELLBERGABSTRACTFjellberg, A. 1987. Tron Soot-Ryen. Museologistand entomologist. Fauna norv. Ser. B,At the age of 90, Tron Soot-Ryen passed away on10 May 1986. He was one of the pioneers in developingTroms0 Museum where he served as leaderand curator of zoology during the period 1921­1959. Although he did not publish more than 10papers on entomological subjects - mainly onDiptera - he was a very efficient collector whocontributed substantially to the museum's collectionof insects. A short bibliography (entomology)is given.Arne Fjellberg, Troms0 Museum, N-9000 Troms0,Norway.Den 10. mai 1986 d0de Tron Soot-Ryen i en alderav 90 ar. Dermed var det slutt pa et langt liv ivirksomhet for norsk zoologi. De siste 30 arenetilbrakte han i S0r-Norge, men han vii i f0rsterekke bli husket for sin store innsats for Troms0Museum der han virket som konservator fra 1921til 1959.Da Soot-Ryen kom til Troms0 i 1921, overtokhan og f0rte videre det grunnleggende arbeid somvar utf0rt av museets f0rste konservator, H. J.Sparre Schneider (1877-1918). F0r Soot-Ryentiltradte, hadde C. F. L. Dons bestyrt museet et parar. Bade Sparre Schneider og Soot-Ryen gikk 10Spa sIDe livsoppgaver som unge menn i 20-arene ogforble pa post i flere tiar. Mens Sparre Schneidervar en entusiastisk entomolog like til sin d0d, sadelte Soot-Ryen sine krefter pa flere fag, og bleetter hvert mer orientert mot marin zoologi. Dahan sluttet som konservator i Troms0, ble hanengasjert av NA VF som redakt0r av serien «Marineinvertebrates of Scandinavia». Hans entomologiskeproduksjoner er relativt begrenset. Jeg harklart a oppspore ti publikasjoner, de fleste omDiptera-faunistikk. Hans kronologiske gjennomgangav litteraturen om norske Diptera innti11940har vrert et nyttig kildeskrift for senere dipterologeT.Selv om Soot-Ryen ikke publiserte srerlig myeentomologi, sa var han en iherdig samler. Spesieltmye samlet han i krigsarene i indre Troms. Mestepartenav museets samlinger var da evakuert frabyen og la nedpakket i en lAve i Malangen. Soot­Ryen hadde tilsyn med samlingene, og oppholdtseg mye av tiden pa innlandet. Dette er et av varemest interessante insektomrader, og Soot-Ryenhavet inn mange godbiter. Blant annet gjorde handet f0rste norske funn av den myrmecophile phoridenEnigmatias Tubbocki (Verrall) som har vingel0sehunner.Soot-Ryen innsa at han ikke kunne ra med altmaterialet selv, og han s0rget for at tidens fremstespesialister fikk ga gjennom museets samlinger ogpublisere resultatene. I museets arshefter fra arene1925 til 1944 er det adskillige oversikter overnordnorske insektgrupper f0rt i pennen av Lengersdorf,Ringdahl, Forsslund, Lackschewitz,Roman, Holdersen, Tjeder, Ossiannilsson ogStrand. Men fortsatt star det tusenvis av ubestemtenordnorske insekter fra Soot-Ryens tid.Soot-Ryen var gjerne knapp i sin etikettering avmaterialet. NaIen har ofte en etikett med kun etlokalnavn - av og til forkortet - og en dato.Heldigvis var han omhyggelig med dateringen, ogved a sortere lokalitetslistene pa dato, var det klartat «Skj. 22/6-42» stammer fra Skjavik0r i Balsfjord.Ved museene i Bergen og Troms0 har vilister over nrermere 700 lokalitetsnavn (med tilh0­rende kommune) fra Soot-Ryens materiale. Disseer til stor hjelp for entomologer som ikke er lokalkjenteunder bearbing av materialet.Troms0 Museums konservatorer har alltid hatten nrer kontakt med sitt omland, og f01gende historieer typisk: En gang pa 50 tallet fikk Soot-Ryentilbud om a kj0pe en «smadjevel>, - nedlagt paHelgeland - til den nette sum av kr. 500.000,-.Etter en del forhandlinger gikk Soot-Ryen med paa betale en halv million dersom det var envirkeligsmadjrevel. Men det var opp til museet a artsbestemmeskapningen. Pakken med liket ankom, ogdet viste seg a vrere en pingvin som stammet fra enutsetting av en gruppe fugl pa R0st i 1936 foretattav Naturfredningsforeningen. Pingviner ble likevelaldri dagligdags kost pa Helgeland, og det h0ytverdsatte «utyske» m0tte sin skjebne da det komtassende inn gjennom en apen kj0kkend0r.Soot-Ryens entomologiske publikasjoner1925. Makkflueunders0kelsene. Aarsberetn. vedk.Norges Fiskerier 1925 (1), 1-11.1925. Entomologische Notizen 1. Hymenopteraaculeata und tubulifera aus dem nordlichenNordwegen. Troms6 Mus. Aarsh. 47 (3), 1­15.1928. Diptera from arctic Siberia. The Norw.North Pol. Exp. with the «Maud» 1918-1925.Scientific Res. 5 (5), 1-7.1939. Mygg - og mygg. Troms6 Turistfor. Arb.1939.66-72.1942. A list of Norwegian Lycoridae (Diptera Ne­matocera). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6, 74-80.1942. Platyphora lubbocki Verrall (Diptera) fun­net i Nord-Norge. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6: 81­82.1942. Some Tendipedids (Chironomids) fromSpitsbergen collected by Sven S0mme and determinedby Dr. M. Goetghebuer. Norsk ent.Tidsskr. 6, 82-83.1943. A preliminary list of Norwegian finds ofHeleidae and Tendipedidae. Troms6 Mus.Arsh. 64 (3), 1-24.1943. A review of the literature of NorwegianDiptera until the year 1940. Troms6 Mus.Arsh. 65 (3), 1-46.1946. Scaeva arcuata Fallen 1817. Ent. Tidskr.67, 195-197.

._-­ ... _._---------------------­GUIDE TO AUTHORS.FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B. publishes papers inEnglish, occasionally in Norwegian and Germanwith an extensive English abstract. Contributorswith a native language other than the language usedin the paper submitted, are requested to have manuscriptslinguistically revised prior to submission.When preparing manuscripts for submission, authorsshould consult current copies of Fauna norvegicaand follow its style as closely as possible.Manuscripts not conferring to the guide to authorswill be returned for revision.Manuscripts should be submitted to the Editor-in­Chief. Send two copies. They must be typewritten.double spaced throughout, on one side of the paper.and wide margins, 5-6 cm on the left. Separatesheets should be used for the following; I) Title page,with author's name. 2) An abstract, with the nameand full postal address of the author underneath. 3)Tables with their headings. 4) Legends to figures.Dates should be referred to as 10-20 Aug. 1970.Underline all generic and species names. Approximateposition of figures and tables in the text shouldbe indicated in the margin. All Acknowledgementsshould be given under a single heading at the end ofthe text, but before the references.References. 111 the text: Black (1979l, Black & Blue(1973100). or «as noted by Green (1978) and Black(1979),). Multiple references should be given in chronologicalorder, Le. (Black & Blue 1973, Green 1976,1979. Black 1978).List of references are to be unnumbered and in internationalalphabetical order (i.e A = AA. iE andA=Ae, 0 ana 0 =Oel. Titles of journals should beabbreviated according to the World List of ScientificPeriodicals. Do not refer to papers «in prep.» amongthe references.Examples;Journal:Loken.A. 1962. Social wasps in Norway (Hymenoptera,VespidaeJ. Norsk en/. Tidsskr. /2, 191 - 218.Book:Mayr, E. 1913. All/mal species alld evolutioll. HarvardUniversity Press. Cambridge. Mass.Fittkau.EJ. 1962. Die Tanypodinae lDiptera, Chironomidael.Die Tribus Anatopyniini. Maeropeloponiund Pentaneurini. Ahh. LarvalS!'st. 1IIsektell6, 453 pp.Chapter:Whitman, I. 1951. The arthropod vectors of yellowfever, pp. 229 ~ 298 in: Strode, K. (ed.) Yellow Fever.Mc. Graw - Hill, New York & London.Figures and Tables. Send two copies. All illustrationsshould be identified lightly with the author'sname and the figure number. The figures and tablesshould be constructed in proportion to either the entirewidth of the typed area ([ 40 mml or to the columnwidth (67 mml.Nomenclature. The first time a binomen is used inthe text the name of its author should be included.Author Ilames should be written in full cxcept L forLinneau,. Dates can be included when considerednecessary, Le. Rhyacophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 1840),Proofs. Two copies of the first proof will be sent tothe author. Onc corrected copy should be returned tothe editor without delay. Alterations should be limitedto correcting typesetting errors. Extensive alterationswill be charged to the author.Reprints, Twentyfive repflnts are supplied free (fiftywith multiple authorships). Additional reprints canbe ordered at a charge (an order form is sent with Lheproofsl.FAUNA NORVEGICA Serie A, 8, C utkommer med tilsammen 5 hefter i lopet av en Argang.For at heftene skal komme inn under Postverketsregler for billig serie-utsendelse, forlanges det atheftene i de tre seriene av Fauna norvegica i hvertkalendenir gis fortlopende nummer fra I til 5. Det viikunne bli noe tilfeldig hvilke hefter som blir gitt derespektive nummer pa grunn av uregelmessighetermed rekkefolgen i lopet av aret.Referansemessig skal vi aldri ta hensyn tU nummereti fJvre hjfJfne pd omslaget (inne i firkanten).Det vi skal ta hensyn til er de oppgitte data for derespektive serier. Det er disse data som gir den korrekteIitteraturreferansen, og det er disse forkortelsenesom star oppf0rt i Ahstract til hver artikkel ogpa srertrykkene.Post-office regulation necessitate numeration of allfive issues in the three Series (A, B. Cl in the order oftheir publication. This number is printed in the topright-hand corner of the front cover (in the square).This number should be ignored when citing issues orpapers. The relevant data are given in connectionwith the number of each series. These numbers providethe correct literature referance and it is thesethat are given in the abstract of individual papers.

ContentFauna norv. Ser. B. Vol. 34, No. 1Williassen, E.: Professor Ole A. S:ether 50 years ........•...•.....•................ IAarvik, L.: Contribution to the knowledge of the Norwegian Lepidoptera 11 ......•...... 7Huru, H.: Occurrence and life cycle of Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis, 1827) (Plec. Perlidae) inNorth Norway ......................................•...................... 14Stenseth, Ch.: Brachycaudus spp. new to the Norwegian fauna (Homoptera: Aphididae) .... 19Jonsson, N.: Nymphal development and food consumption of Atractotomus mali(Meyer-Diir) (Hemiptera: Miridae), reared on Aphis pomi (DeGeer) and Psylla maliSchmidberger . 22Willassen, E.: The first record of Thaumalea Jlerralli Edwards (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) fromScandinavia . 29Greve, L: Bibio nigriJlentris Haliday, 1833 (Dipt. Bibionidae) in Norway . 31Greve, L. & Midtgaard, F.: Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805) (Dipt. Megamerinidae)in Norway ............................................................•... 35Jonassen, T.: New Norwegian Empididae (s.str.) (Dip!.) . 37HAland, 0.: Influence of temperature on the egg-stage of Capnopsis schilleri (Plecoptera;Capniidae) . 41Solem, J.O., Steinkjer, J. & Bretten, S.: Distribution and seasonal abundan