Assessment of Nutritional Status of under-five year rural children in ...

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Executive SummaryUndernutrition continues to be a major public health problem in the developingcountries, including India, the most vulnerable groups being women and young children.Proper nutrition is necessary for adequate growth and development of children.Undernutrition is of multi-factorial aetiology, which include both food and non-foodfactors.According to the recent reports of NFHS-3 (2005-06), the prevalence of underweightamong under five year children in the State of Madhya Pradesh was 60%, stunting was 50%and wasting was 35%, while according to NNMB surveys carried out during the same period(2005-06), the prevalence of underweight and wasting was lower (46% and 24%respectively) and that of stunting was more (59%). The prevalence of undernutritionespecially among under five year children may vary geographically. Therefore, for thedevelopment of area specific intervention strategies, district level assessment ofundernutrition is very essential. At the request of DWCD, Government of Madhya Pradesh,the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad therefore, carried out the present study toestimate the prevalence of undernutrition among under five year rural children andinfant and young child feeding practices. It was a cross sectional study carried out usingmulti-stage random sampling procedure. A total of 390HHs covered from 20 villages,including 497children were covered for the present study.A majority (48%) of the HHs covered in the present survey belonged to BackwardCommunities followed by Scheduled Tribes (22%) and Scheduled Caste (18%). Morethan half of the HHs (53%) belonged to nuclear families. Nearly, half of the mothers(47%) were illiterate, 39% of the HHs did not possess any agricultural land and about43% were engaged in either agricultural or other labours. Majority (70%) of the womenwere housewives. About 67% of HHs lived in semi pucca houses and 17% in kutcha.About 44% of the HHs were using tube well water and 25% of HHs had access to tapwater. Only 14% were using sanitary latrine. All most all (99%) the HHs were usingfirewood for cooking purpose and 92% HHs had electricity. Only35% of the HHs wereusing free flowing salt and 21% were using adequately iodized salt (≥15 ppm).Nutritional Status of
About 67% of pregnant women had undergone Antenatal check-up (ANC) of whichabout 26% had ≥3 ANCs. About 35% pregnant women were registered for ANC before16 weeks of gestation. About three fourth (73%) of pregnant women received IFA tabletsduring pregnancy, 41% received more than 90 tablets and only about 17% reportedlyconsumed ≥90 tablets. Sixty eight per cent were institutional deliveries, either ingovernment or private hospitals. Majority (70%) of deliveries were conducted by healthpersonnel. Birth weights were recorded in 60% of infants, while records were availableonly for 36%. The prevalence of low birth weight was 31%.Most of the mothers (96%) fed colostrum to their new born. About 35% ofmothers initiated breastfeeding within 1hour and 26% did so within 1-3 hours of delivery.About 27% initiated breast feeding after 24 hours of delivery. Pre-lacteal feeds such asglucose/sugar water, honey, etc. were given in about 29% of the new borns.Among 6-11 months children, complementary feeding was initiated at 6 monthsof age in about 28%, while 26% children received during 7-12 months of age. About48% of children did not start complementary feeding.Of the 6-12 months infants, about 38% were receiving home made semisolids28% solids and 30% cow/buffalo milk, and about 32% were receiving such foods atleast 3 times a day. Among 12-35 months children, 69% received complementaryfeeding in addition to breast milk. Majority were receiving home made semisolids/solidsand 82% were receiving complementary foods at least 3 times a day.About 55% were completely immunized during 1 st year, while about 8% did notreceive any immunization. About 72% of 9-59 months children received at least onedose of Vitamin A during the preceding year. About 53% of 36-59 months childrenreceived the stipulated two doses.About 7% of 12-59 months children received ≥90 IFA tablets while only 4% of thechildren reportedly consumed ≥90 tablets during the previous one year.One per cent of the infants had Marasmus, while 1.6% of 12-59 months childrenexhibited the signs of Bitot spots indicating that vitamin A deficiency is a public healthproblem.Nutritional Status of
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSPage No.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPRO
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe express our sinc
Page 7 and 8: RESULTS AT GLANCE
Page 9 and 10: RESULTS AT A GLANCE (Contd…2)MAJO
Page 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 15 and 16: 1. INTRODUCTIONIndia, in the past f
Page 17 and 18: The type and magnitude of undernutr
Page 19 and 20: were surveyed by selecting a random
Page 21 and 22: 4. RESULTS4.1 CoverageA total of 39
Page 23 and 24: 4.5 Maternal characteristics4.5.1 A
Page 25 and 26: 70%Fig.1 Distribution (%) of 0-11 m
Page 27 and 28: children reportedly had diarrhoea d
Page 29 and 30: 4.7 Nutritional status of children
Page 31 and 32: 120100Fig.6 Distance charts for Hei
Page 33 and 34: The overall prevalence of stunting
Page 35 and 36: Literacy status of fatherThe nutrit
Page 37 and 38: Fig.13 Prevalence (%) of Undernutri
Page 39 and 40: Type of houseThe prevalence of unde
Page 41 and 42: study, colostrum was given by major
Page 43 and 44: REFERENCES1. de Onis M, Blossner M,
Page 45 and 46: TABLES
Page 47 and 48: Table - 2Socio-economic Profile of
Page 49 and 50: Table - 3Physical facilities of the
Page 51 and 52: Table - 6Particulars of last pregna
Page 53 and 54: Table - 6 (Contd…)Particulars of
Page 55 and 56: Table - 8Distribution (%) of < 60 m
Page 57 and 58: Table - 11Distribution (%) of infan
Page 59 and 60: Table - 13Distribution (%) of 12-35
Page 61 and 62: Table - 14Distribution (%) of mothe
Page 63 and 64:
Table - 16Distribution (%) of mothe
Page 65 and 66:
Table -18Distribution (%) of 12- 24
Page 67 and 68:
Table - 20Distribution (%) of 12-59
Page 69 and 70:
nTable -22Mean Height and weight of
Page 71 and 72:
Table -24Distribution (%) of 0- 59
Page 73 and 74:
Table -25 (Contd...)Distribution (%
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