English - Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia!

Each of these chapters follows the same structure as the thermal energy equipment chapters:• What is the equipment• Types of the equipment• Assessment of the equipment• Energy efficiency opportunities• Option checklist• Worksheets and other tools• ReferencesAn example of what information is included under each heading is given for the “Boilers & thermicfluid heaters” Part 4 on page 45.Thermal energy equipmentBefore different types of thermal energy equipment are described, the first chapter “Fuels & combustion”gives the basics of fuels (oil, gas and coal) and combustion processes.Next, chapters are included for different thermal energy equipments:• Boilers and thermic fluid heaters• Steam distribution and utilization• Furnaces and refractories• Waste heat recovery• CogenerationEach of these chapters (including the Fuels & combustion chapter) follows the same structure:• What is the equipment• Types of the equipment• Assessment of the equipment• Energy efficiency opportunities• Option checklist• Worksheets and other tools• ReferencesAn example of what information is included under each heading is given for the “Boilers & thermicfluid heaters” Part 4 on page 45..Part 4Energy EquipmentMonitoring equipmentMonitoring equipment can be useful to measure the actual operating parameters of various energyequipment and compare them with the design parameters to determine if energy efficiency can beimproved. Or monitoring equipment can be used to identify measure steam or compressed air leaks.Parameters that are often monitored during an energy assessment are:• Basic electrical parameters in AC & DC systems: voltage (V), current (I), power factor,active power (kW), maximum demand (kVA), reactive power (kVAr), energy consumption (kWh),frequency (Hz), harmonics, etc.• Other non-electrical parameters: temperature and heat flow, radiation, air and gas flow, liquid flow,revolutions per minute (RPM), air velocity, noise and vibration, dust concentration, total dissolvedsolids (TDS), pH, moisture content, relative humidity, flue gas analysis (CO 2, O 2, CO, SO x, NO x),combustion efficiency, etc.The CD-ROM and website of the Guide provide information for various monitoring equipment that areoften used during energy assessments in industry:• Electrical measuring instruments• Combustion analyzers44Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia