IndexAddition, 168-1 7 2Address(es), negative, 173-1 74Addressing, 6-7ALTC HARSET, 36, 37Animation, 13Sbyte-move, see Byte-move processflicker in, 1 SSAPPLE EXC., S7, S8Apple screen characters, 17 StAPPLE TEXT, use, 112, 113APPLESOFT extensions, 21-30ASC II character codes, 32, 176tBar graph, creating of, 119-1 2 3BAS IC, memory move, S9f-60fBinary, 3, 163ad ding and subtracting, 170-1 72conversion of decim<strong>al</strong> to, 166-1 67conversion to decim<strong>al</strong>, 166difficulties in, 7Binary/ hex chart, 8f, 9Binary/ hex examples, 9, 9fBinary numberconversion of decim<strong>al</strong> to, 1 68writing of, 9Binary nibble, 9Bit(s) , 4, S, 171color, 82-84, 92, 96co mbinations, Sf, S, 6Hi-Res, 68, 69dot correspondence to, 69fpatterns, 6v<strong>al</strong>ue of, S-6BLOAD command, S 1 , 116Blocks, plotting and erasing, 48-49BSAVE command, use, S1, S3, 106, 107Byte(s), 6, 171ad dress of, 6-7divisions, for vector encoding, 102f,102, 103-1 04, 10Sv<strong>al</strong>ue of, 8, 9, 162changing of, 14, 1 SByte-move process, 13S-1 36, 1 SOanimation by, 136-1 38<strong>al</strong>tering of, 138-1 39for horizont<strong>al</strong> animation, 1 39-142two-byte animation, 142-1 4SByte-move shapes, pre-shifting with, 1 S4C<strong>al</strong>culation, 149-1 S1CALL command, use, 21, 24-26in memory move, 60Character codesApple screen, 1 7StASCII, 176tCircle graphs, 129-1 32Circuits, 4Clashing, 9S-9680 COL, 36Collision, d<strong>et</strong>ecting of, 1S7, 1 S8-1 64Colon, use, 1 SColorHi-Res, 81-96selection of, 123Color bit, 92, 96for Hi-Res <strong>graphics</strong>, 82-84fColor codes, Low- Res, 44fCommand(s), 2, 19Command extensions, 21Complements, forming of, 172-1 73Computer, physiology, 3-1 1CTRL-C, 6, 27, 1 S9Cursormovement, so, sotpositioning of, 123Data, SSdisplaying of, 119Data file, ss-s 7Data processing, 119DATA statements, 119, 137Decim<strong>al</strong>, 3conversion of, to hex, 167-1 68convers ion to, 9, 10of binary, 166-1 67, 168of numbers, 16S-1 66Digit(s), position within numbers ' 16SDigit<strong>al</strong>, digressing to, 4Digitizing, 99, 100, 109, 116Dithering, 81, 93, 943DOG command, 19DOS, 1S, 16, 18Dot(s)Hi-Res, 6S, 67, 68, 69-78double dot picture, 92, 92fquantity available, 91-93isolating of, 162patterns, POKEing of, 149plotting of, 109-1 1 Oprocessing of, 90shape plotting and, 100, 101, 103Draw, use of, 10S-1 06DRAW command, 1 08, 113, 114, 116, 13S186
Editoi:(s)Hi-Res, 66, 100Low- Res, 48, 49-50EOR operation, 154, 174Equipment, 1EXEC, use, 57-58Figure(s)digitizing of, 99, 100saving of, 50-51Filename, 56, 57FOR- N EXT loop, 54, 128Function<strong>al</strong> plotting, 128-1 29Glossary, 181-1 85GOTO statement, 28, 29, 158Graph, graphingcircle graphs, 129-1 32drawing, 128-1 29Graphics, speed and efficiency, 14 7Graphics mode, 31-33, 35, 35fGraphics switch, s<strong>et</strong>ting of, 34HCOLOR, 92, 106, 116Hex, see Hexadecim<strong>al</strong> systemHexadecim<strong>al</strong> digit, conversion to number,166Hexadecim<strong>al</strong> numberconversion to decim<strong>al</strong>, 165writing of, 9Hexadecim<strong>al</strong> system, 3, 7-8adding and subtracting, 168-1 70binary/hex chart, 8, 9fbinary/hex-examples, 9, 9fconversion of decim<strong>al</strong> to, 167-1 68conversion to decim<strong>al</strong>, 9-1 0digits, 9Hi-Res color, 91, 96clarification, 90-91'color bit, 82-84colors available, 93-96dots available, 91-93positions possible, 91program, 84-90Hi-Res <strong>graphics</strong>, 62, 106display, 68dot pattern, 65, 69-78memory, 6668, 161use, 65Hi-Res <strong>graphics</strong> editor, 66, 100Hi-Res memory map, 69, ?OfHi-Res mode, 31, 32-33, 35fHi-Res screen, 111clearing of, 73dots avai lable, 91-93positions avai lable, 90text placement on, 112-1 13use. 164HIMEN, 59, 60, 168, 169s<strong>et</strong>ting of, 107, 108HUN command, use, 21, 46, 47f, 47Horizont<strong>al</strong> animation, 140-1 42Horizont<strong>al</strong> axis, labeling of, 128Horizont<strong>al</strong> graph, 121Horizont<strong>al</strong> pre-shift, 152Li ne graph, drawi ng of, 123-1 28Loop, checking of bits, 162Low- Res color codes, 44fLow- Res editor, 48, 49-50Low- Res <strong>graphics</strong>, 62creating pictures, 44-46use, 43-44memory, 53, 54, 58Low- Res memory map, 41 fLow- Res mode, 31, 32, 35f, 39Low- Res scan, 54f, 55, 55fLow- Res screenmemory, 58placing text labels on, 121Memory, 4, 13, 161changing of, 1 5de<strong>al</strong>ing with, 48-50examining of, 14-1 5Hi-Res, 66-68, 161interpr<strong>et</strong>ation of data, 31Low- Res, 53, 54, 58moving of, 17-1 8, 58-61organization of, 15-1 6scanning of, 53-5 5size, 7writing from, 1 6-1 7Memory ad d ress, 7Memory map, 16, 16f, 18, 177f- 179fHi-Res, 69, 80fLow- Res, 41fuse, 40-4 1 , 41 fMemory move, BAS IC, 59f-60fModification, parti<strong>al</strong>, 147-1 49Monitor, 13-14, 15commands, 19use, 14-1 5, 73MOVE command, use, 17, 18, 59Negative address(es), 173-1 74Nibble, 9Number, digit position within, 165"Number crunching," 119Number table, 123, 124Numeric codes, assigning of, 32Offs<strong>et</strong>, 105"P" key, 27, 50Paddle 0, USj!, 154-1 55, 159PEEK function, 34, 37187
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APPLE IICOMPUTERGRAPHICSKen William
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Contents1 Introduction 12 Computer
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1IntroductionThe level of graphics
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4 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSmachine
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6 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICScompute
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8 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSzeros i
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10 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSthe sy
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•
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14 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSdiffer
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16 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSDOS ve
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18 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSThe po
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4APP LESO FTExtensionsObjectivesAft
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CHAPTER 4-APPLESOFT EXTENSIONS 23va
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CHAPTER 4-APPLESOFT EXTENSIONS 251
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CHAPTER 4-APPLESOFT EXTENSIONS 2710
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Introducing -Diskette to Accompany
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CHAPTER 4-APPLESOFT EXTENSIONS 2917
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5Graphics Modes andSoft SwitchesObj
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CHAPTER 5-CRAPHIC MODES AND SOFT SW
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CHAPTER 5-GRAPHIC MODES AND SOFT SW
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CHAPTER 5-CRAPHIC MODES AND SOFT SW
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40 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSthe le
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42 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSSoluti
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44 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSEach b
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..46 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS[ b
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48 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS3 PLOT
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50 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSType t
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52 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSVocabu
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54 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICScolor.
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56 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSThis m
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58 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSmuch l
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60 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS70 POK
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62 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS37- 85
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8Hi-Res GraphicsObjectivesAfter rea
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CHAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 67When J
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C..: HAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 69Goi
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CHAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 71Row Add
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CHAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 73The fou
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CHAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 75The row
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CHAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 77Solutio
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CHAPTER 8-Hl-RES GRAPHICS 79b. XX-X
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82 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSA Bit
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84 -APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSget t
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86 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSDOTBIT
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88 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSIn Fig
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90 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSblue a
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92 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSHEX HE
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94 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS50 HGR
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96 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSone of
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991 111ObjectivesAfter reading Chap
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 101A closed d
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 103In the fir
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 105( (J(J) ha
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 107as the com
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6 POKE 232,: POKE 233 ,37 REM8 REM
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 111Sections A
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CHAPTE R 10-SHAPING UP 113DRAW 2 AT
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 115printed at
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CHAPTER 10-SHAPING UP 117Exercises1
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120 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS1 REM
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122 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSLet's
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124 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSJ28 :
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126 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS670 X
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128 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS71¥l
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130 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICS100 R
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132 APPLE II COMPUTER GRAPHICSAs we
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