A Designers View of Nuclear Energy - Department of Materials ...

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Summary• After 25 years of retrenchment, nuclear power is firmly on the agenda, both in UK andaround the world;• UK plans to build up to 12 large PWRs - will replace (at least twice over) the current~10GWe nuclear capacity;• Global potential for >1000 new large reactors in next 20 years – replacing the current400 reactors (~350 GWe) & growing the share of global electricity from 15% to ~30%• Topics covered:1. Thermal nuclear reactors design essentials;2. Some design safety & considerations focusing on Fukushima incident;2
The First Nuclear Reactor• Enrico Fermi and a team from Metallurgy Departmentof University of Chicago built and controlled the firstsustained nuclear reaction;• In a racquets court in Staggs Field athletics stadium ofthe University of Chicago on 2 Dec 1942;• Reactor constructed from Graphite blocks and Uraniummetal constructed in ‘pile’ in 30’ * 60’ room withCadmium coated control rods;• The team proved that sustained fission or amultiplication factor k >1 could be achieved , andthe measurements were made for the first practicalsustained nuclear reactor;• Three types of control rods:• Electric motor operated controlling rods;• Emergency ‘zip’ rod driven in by gravity;• Liquid Cadmium salts to be released into a controltube.• Sustained fission demonstrated by neutron countgrowing exponentially i.e. k eff >1CP1 – Chicago Pile 13
Page 1: A Designers View ofNuclear EnergyTo
Page 5 and 6: Neutron Fission Cycle100 fissionsn
Page 7 and 8: Pressurised Water ReactorPWR overvi
Page 9 and 10: Some Design & Safety Considerations
Page 11 and 12: Nuclear Safety approach affects the
Page 13 and 14: BWR Reactor Cooling & Containment
Page 15 and 16: Steam Venting & Hydrogen Explosion
Page 17 and 18: Fukushima 2• Similar sequence of
Page 19 and 20: PWR Passive Safety• The cost and
Page 21 and 22: Fukushima et al - The Broader Issue
Page 23 and 24: MPhil in Nuclear Energy - Programme
Page 25 and 26: Engagement with IndustryWho?EDF Ene
Page 27: Endarmr2@cam.ac.uk2727

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