Distillers Grains Feeding Recommendations. - Distillers Grains By ...

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International Journal of Poultry Science 2 (6): 389-393, 2003© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2003Use of Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles in Growing-finishingDiets of Turkey HensKevin D. Roberson2209 Anthony Hall, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI 48824, USAE-mail: robers22@msu.eduAbstract: Two experiments were conducted with Large White female turkeys to evaluate the effect of drieddistillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from ethanol production on growth performance from about8 to 15 wk of age. Experiment 1 consisted of inclusion levels of 0, 9, 18 or 27% DDGS to a corn-soybeanmeal based diet and the treatment diets were formulated with a metabolizable energy value of 2870 kcal/kgfor DDGS and on a digestible amino acid basis. The grower diet was fed from 56 to 77 d of age and thefinisher diet was fed from 77 to 105 d of age. Body weight was linearly decreased at 105 d as % DDGSincreased in the diet. Feed conversion was increased at p = 0.100 from 77 to 105 d of age as DDGSinclusion level increased. The incidence of pendulous crops increased when high levels of DDGS were fed.In Experiment 2, dietary treatments consisted of 0, 7, or 10% DDGS in the grower period. Half of the birds fed10% DDGS in the grower period were fed 7% DDGS in the finisher period. The mash diets were formulatedwith a metabolizable energy value of 2805 kcal/kg for DDGS and on a total amino acid basis. There were nosignificant effects on body weight or feed conversion in Experiment 2. Results indicate that ethanol-derivedDDGS can be effectively included at 10% in growing/finishing diets for turkey hens if proper formulation matrixvalues for all nutrients are used.Key words: Distillers’ grains with solubles, metabolizable energy, turkeyIntroductionDistiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) has been usedfor many years in poultry diets in the United States. MostDDGS in the past had been marketed as a by-product ofthe liquor industry. Early use of DDGS was due thethought that there might be “unidentified growth factors”in DDGS that would enhance production performance oflivestock and poultry. Use of DDGS in poultry diets hasbeen limited to about 5% inclusion in most cases due toconcerns about high fiber content, nutrient variability anddigestibility, and in some regions, transportation costsmay be excessive due to limited local supply. Couch etal. (1957) reported that inclusion of 5% DDGS wouldimprove turkey growth rate. Potter (1966) found thatDDGS could be fed to turkeys at levels up to 20% with nodetrimental effects on body weight or feed conversion iflysine and metabolizable energy (ME) values wereformulated properly. Waldroup et al. (1981) reported thatup to 25% DDGS could support optimal growthperformance of broilers when energy and lysine wasbalanced appropriately. However, greater than 15%inclusion was detrimental to pellet quality due to the highlevel of fat required to meet the ME requirementspecified for the birds. Parsons et al. (1983) concludedthat DDGS could replace up to 40% of soybean mealprotein with no effect on chick body weight if lysine wasadjusted.In the United States, a recent interest and increase inethanol production from corn has resulted in many newethanol plants being constructed, especially in theMidwestern states commonly referred to as the “CornBelt”. This new technology includes a more gentle dryingprocess and the possibility that DDGS derived fromethanol production may have a better nutrient profile thanthe traditional commodity traded DDGS produced as aby-product of the liquor industry. Noll et al. (2002)reported that toms fed DDGS derived from ethanolproduction at 12% in the starter period and 8% in laterstages of growth did not result in detrimental growthperformance or breast meat yield. A ME value of 2870kcal/kg was used in that study as predetermined inenergy digestibility studies by the same primary author.Lumpkins et al. (2003) reported that broilers could befed 12% DDGS derived from ethanol production with noeffect on growth performance or carcass yield.Due to the construction of an ethanol plant in Michigan,there is an interest among poultry producers in the stateto evaluate the effectiveness of DDGS inclusion inpoultry diets. The purpose of this study was to determinelevels of inclusion of DDGS produced from engineeringtechnology available at the ethanol plant in Michigan thatcould be effectively used in turkey diets. Due to theavailability of hens at the research farm and the lack ofdata published for feeding turkey hens, the study wasconducted to evaluate levels of DDGS that can be fed inturkey hen diets.Materials and MethodsFor both experiments, Hybrid Converter hens weredelivered after hatching by a commercial hatchery11Cold Springs Farm Ltd., Thamesford, ON NOM 2MO389
Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles in Growing-finishing Diets of Turkey HensTable 1: Composition of female turkey grower diets with dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS)Experiment 1 Experiment 2Ingredient ---------------------------------------------- Percent of diet ---------------------------------------------Ground yellow corn 54.10 50.25 46.40 42.55 56.55 52.60 50.90Soybean meal (48%) 35.50 30.55 25.60 20.65 33.47 30.22 28.82DDGS 0.00 9.00 18.00 27.00 0.00 7.00 10.00Choice white grease 5.80 5.63 5.46 5.30 5.50 5.66 5.74Dicalcium phosphate 2.35 2.07 1.82 1.54 2.50 2.42 2.38Limestone 1.18 1.29 1.42 1.53 0.83 0.90 0.94Salt 0.34 0.28 0.21 0.17 0.37 0.34 0.32Sodium bicarbonate 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.05L-Lysine-HCl 0.26 0.39 0.49 0.60 0.27 0.35 0.39DL-methionine 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.21 0.21 0.21L-threonine 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.001Vitamin premix 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.152Trace mineral premix 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Calculated nutrient contentCrude protein, % 21.00 21.00ME, kcal/kg 3200 3200Lysine, % 1.50 1.431Vitamin premix provided per kilogram of diet during 6-9 wk phase: vitamin A (all-trans-retinyl acetate), 11,000 IU;cholecalciferol, 5,000 ICU; vitamin E (all-rac-"-tocopheryl acetate), 35 IU; menadione (as menadione sodiumbisulfite), 2.75 mg; riboflavin, 10 mg; Ca pantothenate, 20 mg; nicotinic acid, 80 mg; vitamin B 12, 0.025 mg; vitaminB 6, 4.3 mg; thiamin (as thiamin mononitrate), 2.9 mg; folic acid, 2.2 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg; vitamin C, 0.10 g; selenium,20.275 mg; and ethoxyquin, 125 mg. Mineral premix supplied per kilogram of diet: manganese, 100 mg; zinc, 100 mg;iron, 50 mg; copper, 10 mg; iodine, 1 mg.located in Canada. The poults were utilized in a 7-wk was fed for 21 days and the finisher diet was fed the lastamino acid study and then placed on a common corn- 28 days. The birds were weighed at the end of eachsoybean meal based diet until approximately 8 wk of feeding phase and the incidence of pendulous cropsage. The birds were weighed and sorted to result in was recorded for each pen. Litter samples were takenequal starting weights across all treatments. The the day after the birds were removed from the house byaverage starting body weight in Experiment 1 was 3.12 taking 8 sub-samples from each pen and blending themkg at 56 d of age and for Experiment 2 the birds weighed together. The composite sample for each pen was dried3.58 kg at 57 d of age. There were 42 or 43 birds/pen atoat 50 C for 24 hr in a forced air drying oven to measurethe beginning of each study and 7 pens (3.69 X 4.62 m) litter dry matter. The difference between the wet litterper treatment. A corn-soybean meal based diet (Table 1 sample taken from the pen and the dry litter removedand 2) was fed in the mash form to all treatment groups. from oven is reported as litter moisture.In Experiment 1, DDGS was included in the diet at 0, 9, Experiment 2 was conducted the same as Experiment 118 or 27% from 56 to 105 d of age. The DDGS in this trial except for differences in inclusion levels of DDGS andcame from an ethanol plant in Preston, MN and is formulation strategy. The DDGS used in this trial came2marketed under the name Dakota Gold Plus . All from a recently constructed ethanol plant in Michiganessential amino acids were formulated to meet or manufactured by similar engineering technology used toexceed NRC (1994) requirements and were formulated build the plant in Minnesota from which DDGS wason a digestible basis. Information on amino acid delivered for Experiment 1. Treatments consisted of 0, 7,digestibilities for ethanol-derived DDGS was collected or 10% DDGS during the grower phase which was fed(S.Noll, University of Minnesota, personal from 57 to 75 d of age. There were 14 rather than 7 penscommunication) and used in formulations and NRC of turkeys fed 10% DDGS during this period. From 75 to(1994) values for corn and soybean meal. Digestibility of 103 d of age, half of the birds previously fed 10% DDGSlysine in DDGS was assumed to be 78% as reported by were then fed 7% DDGS. The diets were formulated toNoll et al. (2002). The metabolizable energy value used provide at least 110% of the NRC (1994) requirementsfor DDGS was 2870 kcal/kg based upon previous for essential amino acids. Amino acid specificationsexperience feeding toms (S. Noll, University of were formulated on a total amino acid basis due toMinnesota, personal communication). The grower diet concern about variability of digestibility of amino acids,2Dakota Commodities, Scotland, SD 57059390
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U.S. Ethanol and & DG DDG Productio
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Handling WDG in warmer weather can
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AS-1242Feeding Coproducts of theEth
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to high levels of phosphorus in the
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Distillers Grains for Beef CattleTe
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meal (-CGM). The tallow and corn gl
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Table 1. Energy Value of Wet vs Dry
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Table 4. Influence of Level in Diet
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Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
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ExtensionExtraExEx 4022August 2002D
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Distillers Grains for Dairy Cattle
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3a more desirable array of amino ac
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5soyhulls reduced the dustiness of
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7Owen, F. G., and L. L. Larson. 199
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The yeast species Sacchsromyces cer
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their ability to support a “norma
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The substitution of DDGS for ground
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umen ammonia levels and deficiency
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REFERENCES1. Armentano, L. 1995. Ba
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USES OF CORN COPRODUCTS IN BEEF AND
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However, there is no reason why, wi
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that diets containing 31.2% wet cor
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Wet corn distillers byproducts comp
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Table 2. Effect of Wet Distillers G
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Table 4. Energy Value of WCGF-A a f
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The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
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Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
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Page 87 and 88: The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
Page 89 and 90: Feeding Recommendations and Example
Page 91 and 92: Table 1. Comparison of Nutrient Con
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Page 95 and 96: Nursery DietsPhase II (15-25 lbs)Di
Page 97 and 98: Grow-Finish Diets (50-250 lbs)Growe
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Page 101 and 102: Example Grower Diet Containing 20%
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Page 106 and 107: If you suspect a problem, send a DD
Page 109 and 110: Distillers Dried Grains with Solubl
Page 111 and 112: Cautions in Feeding DDGS to Swine1.
Page 116 and 117: Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
Page 118 and 119: -Keys to CDDGs use in poultry diets
Page 120 and 121: performance was not affected. Witho
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Page 124 and 125: Table 2. Selected Diet Composition
Page 126 and 127: Table 4. Performance of Male Market
Page 129 and 130: Distiller’s Grains: Focusing On Q
Page 131 and 132: TABLE 2. Amino acid composition and
Page 133: The Use of Distillers Dried Grains
Page 137 and 138: Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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