Distillers Grains Feeding Recommendations. - Distillers Grains By ...

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USING DISTILLERS GRAINS IN DAIRY CATTLE RATIONSDr. James G. LinnDepartment of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNandDr. Larry ChaseDepartment of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NYDistillers grains are co-products produced from the fermentation of grains for alcohol.Traditionally, alcohol was produced mainly for the beverage liquor industry, but in the last 20years its use as an alternative fuel has increased significantly. This increased demand has led tothe development of several ethanol production plants in Minnesota and the surrounding area. In1996, it is estimated 135,000 tons of distillers grains will be produced from current plants withproduction doubling or tripling over the next five years as more ethanol plants begin operation.Thus, the opportunity exists for using a substantial quantity of distillers grains in dairy rations.When grains are fermented to alcohol, approximately one-third of the dry matter (DM) isrecovered in co-products. The two basic products at the end of the fermentation process arecoarse, unfermented grains and a liquid fraction known as thin stillage containing small particlesof grain, yeast and soluble nutrients. These two products are further processed into the followingfour co-products: 1) distillers dried grains (DDG), 2) distillers dried solubles (DDS), 3) distillersdried grains with solubles (DDGS), and 4) condensed distillers solubles, 30 to 40% DM (CDS).Both the CDS and DDS are made from thin stillage through partial (CDS) or complete (DDS)drying. Dried distillers grain with solubles is produced by adding a portion of the thin stillageback to the unfermented grain fraction at the time of drying. The two primary co-products usedin the feed industry are DDG and DDGS.Alcohol can be produced from one or any combination of cereal grains. The most commonlyused grains are corn, milo, wheat, barley and rye. The grain used in the largest quantity is used toname the resulting product. For example, corn distillers grains would be produced from afermentation batch where corn was the primary grain used.As the names imply, most distillers grains are produced in a dry form. This results in ease ofhandling, storage and shipping to local or foreign markets. The effects of drying on nutrientavailability have been of some concern and debated in various research studies. Wet distillersgrains are available in some areas. This reduces the energy costs of drying but increases theirperishability and handling problems for the feeder.Nutrient CompositionThe typical nutrient content of corn-based distillers grains is shown in Table 1. In general,distillers grains are devoid of starch but a good source of energy, protein, fiber and phosphorus.The nutrient content of distillers grains is about three times more concentrated than the nutrientsin the original grain before fermenting. Yeast cells also are quite high in distillers grains (10).1
The yeast species Sacchsromyces cerevisiae is commonly used for fermentation, as it is anefficient producer of alcohol. Yeast concentrations often reach 150 million cells per cubiccentimeter in mashes after just 26 hours of fermentation.Table 1. Nutrient composition of common corn distillers co-products. 1Nutrient 2Distillersgrains (DDG)Distillers grains +solubles (DDGS)Condensed distillerssolubles (CDS)DM, % 94 92 93CP, % 23 25 30NE L , Mcal/lb .90 .93 .93TDN, % 86 88 88Fat, % 10 10 9ADF, % 17 18 7NDF, % 43 44 231 NRC, 1989 (14).2 All nutrients except DM expressed on a DM basis.The nutrient content of distillers grains can be influenced by a number of factors. The primaryfactors are the type of grain (Table 2), milling process, grain quality, fermentation process, dryingtemperature and amount of solubles blended back into the unfermented fraction at the time ofdrying. Chase (4) showed ranges in the DM content of DDGS as follows: crude protein (CP) -22 to 33%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) - 29 to 64%, and fat - 2 to 20%. Purchasers of distillersgrains must be cognizant of variations in nutrient content. When purchasing distillers grains, it isimportant to know what grain or combination of grains were used in the fermentation. Distillersgrains should be tested for DM, CP, acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF, ADF insoluble nitrogen(ADIN) and fat.Of particular interest to dairy nutritionists is the undegradable intake protein (UIP) or “bypass”protein content. Values published by the NRC (14) for UIP of corn DDG and DDGS are 54 and47% of the CP. More recent results have shown corn-based DDGS to vary from about 45% (17)to 55% (9). Stern et al. (20) analyzed five samples of distillers grains and found a UIP of 56+8%with an intestinal digestibility of the UIP at 81+5%. Grings et al. (9) reported the intestinaldigestibility of UIP in DDGS was 93%. Soluble intake protein (SIP) of distillers grains wasestimated by Chase (4) to be about 15% of the CP, but more recent research (17) has shown it tobe about twice that value (28.5% of the CP).The amino acid profile of two corn and one milo DDGS is shown in Table 3. With today’semphasis on balancing amino acids in the diets of dairy cows, knowing the amino acid contentand the variation that can occur in high bypass protein sources like DDGS is important. Dong etal. (16) evaluated the amino acid profiles of several wheat DDGS and found profiles in theDDGS to be similar to the whole grain before fermentation.2
Page 7: U.S. Ethanol and & DG DDG Productio
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Page 23 and 24: to high levels of phosphorus in the
Page 25 and 26: Distillers Grains for Beef CattleTe
Page 27 and 28: meal (-CGM). The tallow and corn gl
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. Energy Value of Wet vs Dry
Page 31 and 32: Table 4. Influence of Level in Diet
Page 36 and 37: Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
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Page 41 and 42: Distillers Grains for Dairy Cattle
Page 43 and 44: 3a more desirable array of amino ac
Page 45 and 46: 5soyhulls reduced the dustiness of
Page 47: 7Owen, F. G., and L. L. Larson. 199
Page 51 and 52: their ability to support a “norma
Page 53 and 54: The substitution of DDGS for ground
Page 55 and 56: umen ammonia levels and deficiency
Page 57 and 58: REFERENCES1. Armentano, L. 1995. Ba
Page 60: USES OF CORN COPRODUCTS IN BEEF AND
Page 63 and 64: However, there is no reason why, wi
Page 65 and 66: that diets containing 31.2% wet cor
Page 67 and 68: Wet corn distillers byproducts comp
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. Effect of Wet Distillers G
Page 71 and 72: Table 4. Energy Value of WCGF-A a f
Page 74 and 75: The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
Page 76 and 77: Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
Page 82: Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
Page 87 and 88: The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
Page 89 and 90: Feeding Recommendations and Example
Page 91 and 92: Table 1. Comparison of Nutrient Con
Page 93 and 94: (deoxynivalenol), T-2 toxin, fumoni
Page 95 and 96: Nursery DietsPhase II (15-25 lbs)Di
Page 97 and 98: Grow-Finish Diets (50-250 lbs)Growe
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Grower 1 Grower 2 Finisher 1 Finish
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Example Grower Diet Containing 20%
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ExtensionExtraExEx 2035August 2002A
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If you suspect a problem, send a DD
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Distillers Dried Grains with Solubl
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Cautions in Feeding DDGS to Swine1.
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Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
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-Keys to CDDGs use in poultry diets
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performance was not affected. Witho
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at 19 wks of age and breast meat am
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Table 2. Selected Diet Composition
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Table 4. Performance of Male Market
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Distiller’s Grains: Focusing On Q
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TABLE 2. Amino acid composition and
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The Use of Distillers Dried Grains
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Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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