Distillers Grains Feeding Recommendations. - Distillers Grains By ...

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Condensed Distillers Solubles (CDS)This syrup-like product remains after thin stillage hasundergone partial evaporation. Thin stillage is the liquid(5% DM) product that remains following removal of wetdistillers grains. Thin stillage is condensed throughevaporation to produce condensed distillers solubles(23 to 45% DM). Condensed distillers solubles containapproximately 20 to 30% crude protein on a dry matterbasis. Due to their liquid nature, condensed distillerssolubles can be used to control dust and condition dryrations (similar to liquid molasses products). In mostcases, condensed distillers solubles should be limited to10% or less of the diet (DM basis; approximately 8 to 10pounds per head on a wet basis).Figure 1. Ethanol and related coproductsproduction process diagram.Nutrient Content of Ethanol CoproductsTable 1 gives the average nutrient content for WDGS,MDGS, DDGS and CDS. Distillers grains are relativelyhigh in crude protein, high in fat and are an excellentsource of energy and protein for beef cattle. Distillersgrains have a fermented aroma and are very palatable.Similar to corn value, the protein in corn distillers grains ishigh in escape protein (50 to 60% of the cp). Escapeprotein is not fermented in the rumen but is digested bythe animal in the small intestine. Escape protein has somebenefit in feeding programs where high performance isexpected or where less than optimum levels of escapeprotein are provided in the diet.Ethanol coproducts are high in potassium, phosphorusand other minerals. Feeders should reduce or eliminatesupplemental phosphorus, potassium and sulfur whenhigh levels of these byproducts are fed. Increased levelsof calcium should be considered in order to keep thecalcium to phosphorus ratio in the diet at 2.0:1.0. Elevatedlevels of phosphorus in these coproducts may contributeTable 1. Nutrient composition of ethanol coproducts.ModifiedDried Distillers Distillers Wet CondensedDried Distillers Grains plus Grains plus Distillers DistillersNutrient Grains Solubles Solubles Grains SolublesDM, % 88 to 90 88 to 90 50 25 to 35 23 to 45DM BasisTDN, % 77 to 88 85 to 90 70 to 110 70 to 110 75 to 120NEm, Mcal/cwt 89 to 100 98 to 100 90 to 110 90 to 110 100 to 115NEg, Mcal/cwt 67 to 70 68 to 70 70 to 80 70 to 80 80 to 93CP, % 25 to 35 25 to 32 30 to 35 30 to 35 20 to 30DIP, % CP 40 to 50 43 to 53 45 to 53 45 to 53 80.0UIP, % CP 50 to 60 47 to 57 47 to 57 47 to 57 20.0Fat, % 8 to 10 8 to 10 8 to 12 8 to 12 9 to 15Calcium, % 0.11 to 0.20 0.10 to 0.20 0.02 to 0.03 0.02 to 0.03 0.03 to 0.17Phosphorus, % 0.40 to 0.80 0.40 to 0.80 0.50 to 0.80 0.50 to 0.80 1.30 to 1.45Potassium, % 0.49 to 1.08 0.87 to 1.33 0.70 to 1.00 0.50 to 1.00 1.75 to 2.25Sulfur, % 0.46 to 0.50 0.37 to 0.46 0.38 to 0.70 0.46 to 0.70 0.37 to 0.95Table adapted from:1) Stock, et al. 1995. Average Composition of Feeds Used in Nebraska. G1048. http://www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/beef/G1048.pdf2) Tjardes and Wright. 2002. Feeding Corn Distiller’s Co-Products to Beef Cattle. South Dakota State University. ExEx. 2036.3) NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.The analyses given in this bulletin are an average of published values and regionally available laboratory analyses. Products vary and thismay not represent what a particular plant is producing at any give time.
to high levels of phosphorus in the manure and increasein the amount of land requied for proper nutrient management.In areas where high sulfate water is a problem, the highsulfur levels in ethanol coproducts may create problemswith polioencephalomalacia (PEM). This disease affectsthe neurological system. Producers should considerelevating supplemental levels of copper and thiamine ifdiets high in ethanol coproducts will be fed for extendedperiods of time.The type and nutrient content of coproducts producedby ethanol plants will vary. Routine sampling and laboratoryanalysis is recommended in order to effectively usethese coproducts. Moisture level in the wet coproductsdoes vary, consequently, a dry matter (moisture) analysisis one of the most important routine analyses to conduct.Producers may also ask the plant for a recent laboratoryanalysis. The analyses given in this bulletin are a range ofpublished values and industry laboratory analyses andmay not accurately represent what a particular plant isproducing at a given point in time.Results from Feeding TrialsNumerous research trials have evaluated DDG, WDG,WDGS and CDS as ration ingredients for beef cattle.Based on these research trials, it appears that WDGShave a greater energy value than corn. The energycontent of WDGS depends on the level fed, the source ofraw material for the ethanol facility (corn vs. other cerealgrains), and possibly the moisture content of the material.Based on animal performance, the energy level of WDGSis at least 125% the energy level of corn.Research comparing the feeding value of dry distillersgrains and wet distillers grains indicates that wet distillersgrains are higher in energy than dry distillers grains.Reasons for the lower energy values for dried distillersgrains could include 1) inclusion of some residual ethanolin the wet product, 2) moisture content of the wet distillersgrains, 3) a reduction in subacute acidosis when wetdistillers grains are fed, or 4) heat damage during drying.Most available research indicates the energy content ofdried distillers grains is slightly lower than corn.Research with CDS and thin stillage indicate that theseliquid coproducts have greater energy content than corn.Research conducted at the University of Nebraskaindicates that inclusion of CDS in the diet improvesruminal fermentation by increasing starch and lactic acidutilizing bacteria. This suggests CDS improve animalperformance by altering ruminal fermentation and enhancingstarch digestion while reducing acidosis.Feeding RecommendationsBackgrounding and Finishing DietsDistillers grains (wet or dry; with or without solubles)can be fed at 10 to 15% of the diet (DM basis) as a sourceof supplemental protein in backgrounding and finishingdiets. When fed at levels higher than 15% of the diet,distillers grains are also an energy source, replacing cornor other grains in the diet. Dried distillers grains can befed at levels up to 20% the diet DM. Wet distillers grainscan be included in backgrounding and finishing diets atlevels up to 40% the diet dry matter. However, at theselevels, diets will contain excess protein and phosphorous,which may have manure nutrient management implicationsfor many cattle feeders. Most research data indicatesthe optimum level of wet distillers grains is 25% or less ofthe diet dry matter.Condensed distillers solubles can be used as aconditioning agent, source of energy or source of protein.As a conditioning agent in the ration, CDS can be includedat 5 to 10% of the diet dry matter. This level willhelp control dust and improve palatability of dry rationsand increase energy and protein content of the diet.Although generally not included at levels above 10% ofthe diet dry matter, CDS are a good source of supplementalprotein and energy in the diet.Forage-Based Diets for Beef CowsIn forage-based diets for beef cows, distillers grains(wet or dry; with or without solubles) can be used as asource of supplemental protein and energy. The amountdepends on the desired performance and nutrient contentof the basal forage. In most cases, this would meanfeeding up to 4 pounds of distillers grains per head perday on a DM basis.Condensed distillers solubles can be used as a sourceof supplemental protein for beef cows fed low quality hay.Mixing CDS with chopped hay is the most effective wayto deliver it to the cow herd. Producers may also considerpouring it on top of hay in the feeder or other deliverymechanisms. Condensed distillers solubles may also bemixed with other dietary ingredients or supplements anddelivered to the cow herd in that manner. High variabilityin intake can be expected if CDS is not mixed with theforage or other dietary ingredients and delivered to thecattle in a mixed ration.Creep FeedsDried distillers grains and DDGS can be used as aningredient in creep feeds. The flavor, aroma and nutrientcharacteristics of DDGS make it an excellent additionto creep feeds. Best results are obtained when DDGS areincluded at no more than 50% of the creep feed.
Page 7: U.S. Ethanol and & DG DDG Productio
Page 18 and 19: Handling WDG in warmer weather can
Page 21: AS-1242Feeding Coproducts of theEth
Page 25 and 26: Distillers Grains for Beef CattleTe
Page 27 and 28: meal (-CGM). The tallow and corn gl
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. Energy Value of Wet vs Dry
Page 31 and 32: Table 4. Influence of Level in Diet
Page 36 and 37: Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
Page 38 and 39: ExtensionExtraExEx 4022August 2002D
Page 41 and 42: Distillers Grains for Dairy Cattle
Page 43 and 44: 3a more desirable array of amino ac
Page 45 and 46: 5soyhulls reduced the dustiness of
Page 47 and 48: 7Owen, F. G., and L. L. Larson. 199
Page 49 and 50: The yeast species Sacchsromyces cer
Page 51 and 52: their ability to support a “norma
Page 53 and 54: The substitution of DDGS for ground
Page 55 and 56: umen ammonia levels and deficiency
Page 57 and 58: REFERENCES1. Armentano, L. 1995. Ba
Page 60: USES OF CORN COPRODUCTS IN BEEF AND
Page 63 and 64: However, there is no reason why, wi
Page 65 and 66: that diets containing 31.2% wet cor
Page 67 and 68: Wet corn distillers byproducts comp
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. Effect of Wet Distillers G
Page 71 and 72: Table 4. Energy Value of WCGF-A a f
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The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
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Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
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The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
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Feeding Recommendations and Example
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Table 1. Comparison of Nutrient Con
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(deoxynivalenol), T-2 toxin, fumoni
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Nursery DietsPhase II (15-25 lbs)Di
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Grow-Finish Diets (50-250 lbs)Growe
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Grower 1 Grower 2 Finisher 1 Finish
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Example Grower Diet Containing 20%
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ExtensionExtraExEx 2035August 2002A
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If you suspect a problem, send a DD
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Distillers Dried Grains with Solubl
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Cautions in Feeding DDGS to Swine1.
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Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
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-Keys to CDDGs use in poultry diets
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performance was not affected. Witho
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at 19 wks of age and breast meat am
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Table 2. Selected Diet Composition
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Table 4. Performance of Male Market
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Distiller’s Grains: Focusing On Q
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TABLE 2. Amino acid composition and
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The Use of Distillers Dried Grains
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Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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