Distillers Grains Feeding Recommendations. - Distillers Grains By ...

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Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and Berger (2003)INTRODUCTIONCorn distiller grain (DG) is a by-product of ethanol production. During alcohol production, starch isremoved from the grain and converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide. As a result of the starchremoval, the remaining nutrients in the grain is concentrated approximately threefold (Spiehs et al.2002).The demand for ethanol is increasing. This trend will result in an abundance of byproducts, like DGthat are potential alternatives to corn (Lodge et al. 1997). Many are projecting a threefold increase ofDG production within the next decade. Maximizing the value of DG will benefit both the ethanolindustry and cattle producers alike. Dairy-beef producers have a plethora of protein and energysources available to incorporate in their diets, and DG should be a competitive nutrient source.There has been extensive research completed at the University of Illinois on the nutritional value ofwet (WDG) and dry (DDG) distillers grains (Firkins et al. 1984 and Firkins et al. 1985) and on thenutritional requirements of dairy-beef steers (Hussein and Berger, 1995). Feeding DG in dairy-beefproduction can be valuable because of the higher protein requirement of the light calves. Researchtrials conducted at Illinois (Firkins et al. 1984), Nebraska (DeHaan et al. 1982), and Iowa State(Trenkel et al. 1981) demonstrated that DG protein has more than twice the bypass value (undegradedintake protein) compared to soybean meal (SBM).The treatments, as shown in Table 1, were based on previous research with beef steers. Treatments 1through 4 were selected based on a 1985 study by Firkins and co-workers where finishing steers fed 25or 50% WDG gained faster and more efficiently than control steers receiving an 87% concentrate diet.When the energy value was expressed relative to corn, the 25 and 50% WDG had values of 103 and122%, respectively. In addition, a 1986 Nebraska summary (Aines et al. 1986) of five different trialsdemonstrated that DG average 109% the energy of corn for finishing beef steers. By feeding acombination of DG and urea (Treatment 2), the diet should be equal to SBM by meeting the proteinrequirements of the growing dairy-beef steer. This combination of urea and DG will be much cheaperper unit of crude protein (CP) compared to SBM.Depending on the protein concentration of the basal ingredients, the 25% DDG diet (Treatment 3) willmeet and slightly exceed the protein requirements of growing steers. The high-energy value of thedistillers, however, may cause the economics to favor feeding extra protein. This level of distillersmay also reduce the risk of subclinical acidosis without reducing intake, which is especially importantfor dairy-beef steers that are often on high-energy diets for around 300 days.The 50% DDG diet (Treatment 4) was selected since it serves as both a protein and energy source fordairy-beef steers. In a study conducted by Farlin (1981), diets as high as 64% WDG on a dry-matter(DM) basis were fed to finishing beef steers. Even though the dry matter intakes (DMI) were reducedby 11%, gains were similar and feed efficiency, expressed in feed:gain ratio (F:G) was improved 10%compared to control diet. University of Illinois research with early-weaned beef steers entering thefeedlot at 300-350 lbs suggest that energy intake early in the feeding program can have a great effecton the marbling level at slaughter. Increasing the energy density of the diet by feeding high levels ofDDG may stimulate marbling deposition earlier in the feeding period resulting in a higher qualitygrade (QG) (Wertz et al. 2001).2
Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and Berger (2003)Treatments 3 through 6 compared the relative value of WDG and DDG at 25 or 50% of the diet fordairy-beef steers which are important for two reasons. First, it is cheaper and more energy efficient toproduce WDG than DDG. Alcohol producers can then sell WDG for slightly less than DDG on anequal DM basis and still generate the same net revenue from the byproduct stream. At the same time,WDG diets may reduce DMI in cattle if the total moisture level is too high. Farlin (1981)demonstrated that including 64% WDG (DM basis) reduced DMI 11%. With young calves the DMlevel in the diet may have greater effects on intake than with the yearling steers in the Farlin trial. Byincluding the WDG and DDG at two levels, we can answer the question whether DDG is morevaluable then WDG at higher inclusion rates. Previous research shows that both WDG and DDG havesimilar nutritional value when fed at low levels in the diet (Firkins et al. 1984). Additionally, thesecomparisons are important in that transporting the water in WDG is expensive. For some plantshaving both DDG and WDG available is the best alternative. WDG could be used by local beef anddairy producers, while those further from the source may find the DDG to be more economical.MATERIALS AND METHODSThree-hundred and fifty Holstein steer calves were purchased and sent to the Beef Research Unit at theUniversity of Illinois in August 2002. The steers were immediately put on a pelleted grain mix andlong-hay diet, ear-tagged, dewormed, and vaccinated according to their available records. The steerswere gradually adjusted to an 85% concentrate-15% corn silage diet by replacing the corn silage withwhole corn. The diets were balanced to meet or exceed the 1996 NRC Nutrient Requirements of BeefCattle. The calves were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza,clostridia, malignant edema, Haemophilus somnus, and Pasterurella. The steers were weighed onSeptember 4, 2002 preliminarily and checked for illnesses. Those suffering from shipping fever orpinkeye were treated accordingly.The steers were weighed on September 18 and 19th on two consecutive days. The two initial weightswere averaged to use as a starting weight (420.7 + 71.5 lbs). Electronic Identification (E-IDs) tagswere inserted in all steers. Thirty calves were culled based on health, performance, and weight tocreate the most uniform set to start the trial. Forty pens were randomly assigned to ten treatments witheight calves per pen. The building has an open front, south exposure, with concrete fenceline feedbunks and the pens (12 X 40 feet) were bedded with wood chips. Electric-heated waters wereavailable in each pen and the area was cleaned on a regular basis. The management and healthprocedures were approved by the University of Illinois Department of Animal Resources.Ten dietary treatments that were randomly assigned to 40 different pens. The treatments are based onUniversity of Illinois research and are as described in Table 1. Three different supplements (Table 2)were formulated to proved mineral vitamins and feed additives.The WDG and DDG grains were provided by Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) from their Peoria,Illinois plant. A sample of each dietary treatment along with both the WDG and DDG were sent to acommercial laboratory for analysis.The cattle were weighed at 28-day intervals. At 56 days, the cattle had their horns blunted with aBarnes dehorner and were implanted with Component E-S Steer Implants from VetLife with Tylan3
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U.S. Ethanol and & DG DDG Productio
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Handling WDG in warmer weather can
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AS-1242Feeding Coproducts of theEth
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to high levels of phosphorus in the
Page 25 and 26: Distillers Grains for Beef CattleTe
Page 27 and 28: meal (-CGM). The tallow and corn gl
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. Energy Value of Wet vs Dry
Page 31 and 32: Table 4. Influence of Level in Diet
Page 36 and 37: Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
Page 38 and 39: ExtensionExtraExEx 4022August 2002D
Page 41 and 42: Distillers Grains for Dairy Cattle
Page 43 and 44: 3a more desirable array of amino ac
Page 45 and 46: 5soyhulls reduced the dustiness of
Page 47 and 48: 7Owen, F. G., and L. L. Larson. 199
Page 49 and 50: The yeast species Sacchsromyces cer
Page 51 and 52: their ability to support a “norma
Page 53 and 54: The substitution of DDGS for ground
Page 55 and 56: umen ammonia levels and deficiency
Page 57 and 58: REFERENCES1. Armentano, L. 1995. Ba
Page 60: USES OF CORN COPRODUCTS IN BEEF AND
Page 63 and 64: However, there is no reason why, wi
Page 65 and 66: that diets containing 31.2% wet cor
Page 67 and 68: Wet corn distillers byproducts comp
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. Effect of Wet Distillers G
Page 71 and 72: Table 4. Energy Value of WCGF-A a f
Page 74 and 75: The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
Page 78 and 79: Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
Page 80 and 81: Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
Page 82: Distiller Grain Trial Rincker and B
Page 87 and 88: The Advantages of Using Corn Distil
Page 89 and 90: Feeding Recommendations and Example
Page 91 and 92: Table 1. Comparison of Nutrient Con
Page 93 and 94: (deoxynivalenol), T-2 toxin, fumoni
Page 95 and 96: Nursery DietsPhase II (15-25 lbs)Di
Page 97 and 98: Grow-Finish Diets (50-250 lbs)Growe
Page 99 and 100: Grower 1 Grower 2 Finisher 1 Finish
Page 101 and 102: Example Grower Diet Containing 20%
Page 104 and 105: ExtensionExtraExEx 2035August 2002A
Page 106 and 107: If you suspect a problem, send a DD
Page 109 and 110: Distillers Dried Grains with Solubl
Page 111 and 112: Cautions in Feeding DDGS to Swine1.
Page 116 and 117: Summary of Distillers Grains Feedin
Page 118 and 119: -Keys to CDDGs use in poultry diets
Page 120 and 121: performance was not affected. Witho
Page 122 and 123: at 19 wks of age and breast meat am
Page 124 and 125: Table 2. Selected Diet Composition
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Table 4. Performance of Male Market
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Distiller’s Grains: Focusing On Q
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TABLE 2. Amino acid composition and
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The Use of Distillers Dried Grains
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Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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Kevin D. Roberson: Use of Dried Dis
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