Planning and pre-controlCAUTION! An often-made mistake is to conduct initial control activities across toolarge an area for follow-up monitoring and control to realistically be maintained.It can take a minimum of 3 years and more than 5 years at some sites to successfullycontrol asparagus weed infestations. It is important to remember that:• Several applications of herbicides may be required to completely kill the rhizomes insome asparagus <strong>weeds</strong>.• It can also take many years for plants to be removed by hand grubbing.• Biological control agents are very long-term measures that will only ever suppress the weed, sothey must be integrated with other management techniques if long-term control is to be achieved.• Potential ongoing reinfestation through bird dispersal from neighbouring, untreated infestationsneeds to be considered.You may need to stop plants from flowering in nearby areas to prevent their spread into your controlledsite. This effort may need to be maintained over a long period, until you have the resources to controlthese nearby infestations.Early detection of newly emerged populations is as important as post control site monitoring ineradication and containment programs.For asset-based protection programs, a staged approach to management is required and promoted bysite led management plans to reduce the impact of all <strong>weeds</strong> on highly valued specific site assets.6. Measure the response to your activities andadapt your plan as requiredEstablish a monitoring and evaluation program(refer to Section 5 – Follow up, Restorationand Monitoring). Monitoring is an essentialcomponent of any weed management programand sufficient resources need to be incorporatedas a part of your control program. Monitoringallows you to: Assess the effectiveness of your controlprogram. Assess the rate of establishment of nativeregeneration if applicable. Identify any new weed infestations or issuesthat may affect the success of your controlprogram. Demonstrate progress to your group orfunding body. Raise awareness for group momentum andgeneral public education.Monitoring A. africanus before controlMonitoring A. africanus after controlAndrew MeiklejonAndrew Meiklejon38
! <strong>Asparagus</strong> scandensCase study siteNo Reported OccurrenceCase studyMapping and containing <strong>Asparagus</strong>scandens in a difficult to accessenvironmentRobert Hanna, Conserv-Action EnvironmentalServicesParks Victoria engaged Conserv-ActionEnvironmental Services to control <strong>Asparagus</strong>scandens among blue and manna gum forest inthe Great Otway National Park at Wye River. ParksVictoria is providing funding to tackle A. scandensat this site through the Otway Eden pest plantproject. The moist mild climate, solid overheadcanopy and abundant vertical structure are idealconditions for A. scandens to thrive.<strong>Asparagus</strong> scandens infestations were so denseand the ground so steep that Robert and his teaminitially experienced difficulty penetrating theinfestation to estimate its extent, let alone accessingit to conduct control. After several seasons ofattempting to control the weed with limited results,they observed that the drier, more open forestacted as a natural barrier to A. scandens, whichprefers moist, shaded areas to grow. This allowedthem to access infestations through open forestareas, establish its extent and map it onto an aerialphotograph using GPS coordinates, which showedthe infestation covered about 8 hectares. Oncethey were able to access and map the infestation,they then developed an effective control plan totackle the infestation ‘from the outside in’. Conserv-Action Environmental Services adapted its tactics toachieve maximum results within a limited budgetand adopted a containment approach.‘We found where it wasn’t, mapped it, andstarted to push it back from there.’ Robert Hanna,Conserv-Action Environmental Services.Different chemical sprays were trialled in the area.Initially the perimeter of the infestation was treatedwith metsulfuron-methyl plus the adjuvant Pulse ® .While the kill rate was effective it was slow. A mixof 10 mL of glyphosate + 10 g of metsulfuronmethylper 100 L water plus Pulse ® adjuvant hada more successful kill rate, but fluroxypyr-basedproducts (e.g. Starane ® ) ultimately proved to be themost effective on A. scandens at this site.‘You’re always looking for ways to improve whatyou’re doing.’Although the optimal season to treat A. scandens isspring, the site was wet at this time, making accessdangerous. Instead, the team chose to conducttreatment in mid-summer, when there weredrier conditions and the plant was still healthy.To contain the infestation, they walked the sitewith knapsacks, spraying the infestation from theperimeter inward.Because A. scandens thrives in these habitats,follow-up control is necessary twice a year, ideallyin May–June before rain again prevents access. Tomonitor progress, the site perimeter was markedwith flagging tape, before and after photographstaken and weed coverage estimated. Progressivemapping shows that after two years the infestationis steadily reducing. Site resilience is high. Hardyground cover like Goodenia spp. and brackenregenerate quickly once the weed is removed:‘It comes back as good as new’.More recently, the Department of Sustainabilityand Environment engaged Conserv-ActionEnvironmental Services to control A. scandensin a recreational reserve in Wye River township,39