Asparagus weeds - Weeds Australia

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unoff from urban areas. Basic managementprinciples include:• Manage site to improve native species diversity.• Keep soil carbon levels high (e.g. establishnative perennials to reduce nitrate levels). Theaddition of carbon and burning can reduceinorganic nitrogen and may reduce the growthof non-native ground layer species relative tonative species.• Maintain ground cover – don’t create opportunitiesfor weed invasion, but some bare ground isneeded to allow native forbs to establish.• Prevent grazing of native seedlings and sensitivespecies.• Use herbicide sparingly.Stock management can be an importantconsideration in modified environments:• Intermittent grazing regimes can maintainor improve condition of grassy woodlandecosystems without causing too muchcompaction of the soil.• Time grazing periods to avoid native floweringand seed set (regionally specific).• Grazing pressure can support asparagus weedmanagement. For example, sheep will grazecommon bridal creeper and A. declinatuskeeping the plants at low levels in grazed areas.Integrated fire and herbicide control may beeffective in managing asparagus weeds in modifiedenvironments:• Geophytes (perennial plants with undergroundstorage organs, such as Asparagus spp.) arereasonably fire tolerant due to their habitof dying back to the storage organ duringsummer. However, following a summer fire,these weeds will often emerge in autumn, priorto regeneration of native vegetation, makingherbicide control easier and more effective.• Control of established populations andprevention of seed production can beachievable under these conditions.Asparagus declinatus dominating understorey vegetationNote: For many asparagus species the seedwill germinate or decay within two yearsand vegetative material (rhizomes) canoften have greater persistence in the soilthan seed. Fire is the major disturbancein the Mediterranean ecosystems of SouthAfrica where 95% of Australia’s geophyteweeds originate. Consequently many haveevolved life history traits that are stronglytied to recurrent fire. Dying back to anunderground storage organ over the longdry summer is an extremely effective wayof surviving fire. When dormant in summer,most geophyte weeds will probably surviveall but the very hottest fires.Herbicide selection and application approach isimportant in woodland environments:• Glyphosate (a non-selective herbicide) is usefulfor removing dense weed monocultures indisturbed environments.• Where asparagus weeds are growing closelyamongst native vegetation, non-selectiveherbicides can cause unacceptable levels ofoff-target damage unless targeted applicationtechniques are used (e.g. cut-paint, gouge-paint).• Residual herbicides, such as metsulfuronmethyl,can cause native plant death at very lowconcentrations and can remain active in the soilfor several months following application.See case study for managing Western Cape bridalcreeper in modified eucalypt woodland of theMount Lofty Ranges on page 95.Shauna Potter76
Section 5Follow-up, restoration andmonitoringFollow-up 78Things to watch out for with asparagus weeds 78Restoration 79Natural regeneration 80Propagation, replanting and seeding 82Monitoring 84Monitoring made easy 8477
Page 3 and 4:
Asparagus weedsManagement ManualCur
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ForewordWeeds are often referred to
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Asparagus weed network inAustraliaM
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Section 1Biology and threatUndersta
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Biology and threatIdentifying aspar
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Comparing the two forms of bridal c
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Asparagus africanusAsparagus africa
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Asparagus plumosusAsparagus plumosu
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Asparagus scandensAsparagus scanden
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Asparagus declinatusAsparagus decli
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Biology and threatIncursions of Wes
Page 35 and 36: occur alternately along the length
Page 37 and 38: Species Asparagus officinalis (gard
Page 39 and 40: Section 2Planning and pre-controlco
Page 41 and 42: The planning processPlanning flow c
Page 43 and 44: Developing a weed management mapA l
Page 46 and 47: Planning and pre-controlAsset-based
Page 48 and 49: Planning and pre-controlCAUTION! An
Page 50 and 51: along a popular walk called Paddy
Page 52 and 53: Control methodsChoosing a control m
Page 54 and 55: Control methodsDetailed overview of
Page 56: Control methodsShould I remove all
Page 59 and 60: SolarisationMaterial can be transfe
Page 61 and 62: Registered herbicidesBefore using a
Page 63 and 64: Herbicides and bridal creeperFrom l
Page 65 and 66: ApplicationmethodActiveingredientCo
Page 71 and 72: Case studyDealing with hazardous we
Page 73 and 74: Stop and Think!Site-specific manage
Page 75 and 76: Other methodsFireUsing fire as a to
Page 77 and 78: Redistribution of the leafhopper an
Page 79 and 80: Section 4Holistic management ofinva
Page 81 and 82: is not affected by the bridal creep
Page 84 and 85: Holistic managementSite assessment
Page 88 and 89: Follow-up, restoration andmonitorin
Page 90 and 91: Follow-up‘We find the more native
Page 92 and 93: Follow-upSeed dispersalSeed dispers
Page 94 and 95: Follow-upMonitoringOne of the first
Page 96 and 97: Follow-up• A simplified photopoin
Page 98 and 99: A set of national core attributes t
Page 100 and 101: Case study 1Dog walkers unite! Tack
Page 102 and 103: Once smothered by A. aethiopicus, g
Page 104 and 105: Asparagus plumosus is thepriority w
Page 106: Grubbing became the preferred metho
Page 109 and 110: Asparagus asparagoides before treat
Page 112 and 113: was considered to be very effective
Page 114 and 115: In 2005, Asparagus aethiopicus domi
Page 116 and 117: Case study 7Managing emerging aspar
Page 118 and 119: Asparagus virgatus single crown sep
Page 120 and 121: Further informationDeclaration stat
Page 122 and 123: Further informationSafety, native v
Page 124 and 125: Cultural heritageBefore beginning r
Page 126: Further informationThere are many f
Page 129 and 130: ReferencesBass D.A. and Lawrie S.L.
Page 132: Asparagus weedsManagement Manual
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Asparagus weeds - Weeds Australia

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