There are a variety of policy initiativesthat are intended to address obligation toveterans for service by addressing employmentissues directly. These include protectingemployment rights, prohibitingdiscrimination, implementing affirmativeemployment action, providing incentivesand credits, and providing support for veteranemployment through peer supports,encouragement, recognition and other activities.Some address veterans’ unemployartINational Obligation to VeteransExamples of the public sector’s expression of obligation toveterans include public/private partnerships such as theWhite House’s Joining Forces initiative, focused messaging, andexplicit employment partnerships. 13 Expression of the obligationto veterans also includes intergovernmental collaboration.Highly visible public White House engagementthrough First Lady Michelle Obamaand Dr. Jill Biden leading the Joining Forcesinitiative raises awareness of veteran andfamily issues. This effort emphasizes andrelies on volunteerism, such as Give anHour and other volunteer-based not-forprofitorganizations.Examples of intergovernmental collaborationinclude the recently released reportfrom the DOD and Department of theTreasury calling on state governmentsto streamline licensure and certificationrequirements for military spouses movingfrom one state to another. Licensure andevaluation activities are similarly calledfor to enable veterans and their familymembers to obtain licensure when movinginto a state in their post-service lives.There are current and proposed activitiesin many states related to this activitydetailed later in this report, and there maybe opportunities for transfer of learning,and for businesses with activity in multiplestates to encourage new models. This willrequire evaluation of military experienceand training, collaboration between statesand DOD, as well as the various servicebranches, and between the states in orderto evaluate and appropriately credit experience,education, training, licensure, andcertifications across oversight boundaries.Such evaluation might also benefit fromexperience garnered by the AmericanCouncil on Education (ACE), through itsarticulated evaluations of experience,training and education in the military, andits relevance to certification and licensureeducation and experience requirements.The nation’s obligation to those who haveserved is also reflected in widespreadwelcome home celebrations for deployedservice members, yellow ribbon campaigns,clarity of the VA’s exemption fromsequestration in budget cuts, engagementof the DOL with the private sector throughthe Secretary of Labor’s Advisory Committeeon Veterans’ Employment, Trainingand Employer Outreach (ACVETEO),Governor Cuomo’s New York State Councilon Returning Veterans, JPMorgan Chase’(JPMC) 100,000 Jobs Mission consortiumof employers, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’sHiring Our Heroes campaign, public/privatepartnerships such as EmployerSupport of the Guard and Reserves (ESGR),and many others. Such efforts highlightthat novel times call for innovative partnershipsto fully engage the actors with thenecessary experience to address comprehensiveissues.14 INSTITUtE FOR veterans and military families
ment directly, e.g., the Veterans’ PreferenceAct of 1944, as amended, and now codifiedin Title 5, United States Code, the Veterans’Employment Opportunities Act; the VOWto Hire Heroes Tax Credit; the UniformedServices Employment and ReemploymentRights Act (USERRA); Vietnam-Era VeteranEmployment Readjustment Assistance Act(VEVERAA); state unemployment compensationsystems; a new Veterans’ Job Corpinitiative; and others.Indirectly, the GI Bill, the Post-9/11 GIBill, and the Yellow Ribbon GI Bill impactemployment by providing vocational andpost-secondary education funding whichallows veterans, and with the Post-9/11GI Bill their dependents, to prepare forcareers. The Americans with DisabilitiesAct (ADA) provides for accommodationsfor those with disabilities incurred inmilitary service. And the Family andMedical Leave Act (FMLA), in addition toits provisions for typical occurrences incivilian life, specifically covers leave rightswhen military members are deployed andwhen caregivers of military members incurinjuries which impact veteran and familymember employment.Title 38 U.S.C Section 43, USERRA, prohibitsdiscrimination in employment oradverse employment actions against servicemembers and veterans. Specifically, “Anemployer must not deny initial employment,reemployment, retention in employment,promotion, or any benefit ofemployment to an individual on the basisof his or her membership, applicationfor membership, performance of service,application for service, or obligation forservice in the uniformed services.” 14 Italso provides reemployment rights forthose who are deployed from their civilianjobs. USERRA also includes requirementsfor reasonable accommodations, includingobligations to assist veterans in theirreemployment to become qualified forjobs through training or through retraining.This obligation applies regardless ofwheter or not the disability is connectedto a veteran’s service. USERRA’s disabilitydefinition is less stringent than the ADA’s,and it applies to all employers unlike theADA which applies only to employerswith 15 or more employees. VEVRAA alsorequires non-discrimination in employmentfor veterans for federal contractors(and not just to Vietnam-era veterans) withcontracts that meet certain thresholds(generally greater than $100,000/year)and which don’t fall in certain exceptions(e.g., out of country, and for certain stateor local governments). Some states, suchas Washington, provide for preferences inhiring veterans under state law, and somestates, e.g., California, provide significantlymore protections related to disability, andtherefore veterans with disabilities, thanthe ADA.guide to leading policies, practices & resources 15
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In the context of this research and
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2. Leading Practices: Training andP
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VETalent is expanding, and Prudenti
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utilize these shadowing opportuniti
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C. Summarysuch programs to include
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▶ A Transfer Guide: Understanding
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Leading Practices Models:WalmartSca
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An internal network of military vet
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support for injured veterans, manag
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is to serve as a company resource o
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surviving parents, spouses, childre
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Challenges to Implementation andSca
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.▶ Furthermore, Walmart believest
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▶ American Corporate Partners (AC
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5. Teaming and Developing Small Bus
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▶ JPMC’s Supplier Diversity Net
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▶ Expand the presence of diverses
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1. In Support of the Employer: Issu
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TABLE 1:Summary of BLS Employment S
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figure 1:Unemployment Rates by Vete
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table 3:Unemployment Rate of Vetera
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figure 2: Number of Unemployed Vete
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UNEMPLOYME40%30%UNEMPLOFIGURE Afric
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elationships with family, and 44% f
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0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%figure 6:So
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art IVAccess to HealthcareAccess to
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art IVResearchers have found that e
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art IV▶ ADA Disability and Busine
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art IVstudy that examined the preva
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art IV▶ Vision ImpairmentsThe Nat
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ummaryFor the better part of the pa
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AppendicesThe following resources,
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AppendicesAppendix B:Checklist for
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AppendicesAppendix D:Checklist for
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Appendices▶ The Veterans Opportun
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AppendicesPrivate Sector Initiative
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Appendices▶ Ryder System Inc., a
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AppendicesAppendix G:Summary of Sta
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Appendices144 INSTITUtE FOR veteran
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Appendicesof the education and expe
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CitationsPART I1Krier, D., Stockner
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Citations22Rodriguez, E., Lasch, K.
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Citations7Disability Case Study Res
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Citations14Student Veterans of Amer
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Citations43CSX Corporation Inc. (20
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Citations74Merrill Lynch (2008). Su
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Citations11Hall, R.E. (1972). Turno
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Citations38Kulka, R.A., Schlenger,
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