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Magnetic Field Induced Semimetal-to-Canted-Antiferromagnet ...

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Contents<br />

1 Introduction 5<br />

2 Mean <strong>Field</strong> Treatment 7<br />

2.1 The model Hamil<strong>to</strong>nian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

2.2 Examination of the transversal susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />

2.3 Mean field decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />

2.4 Meanfield phase transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />

2.5 Spectral function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />

3 Functional Integral Formulation 25<br />

3.1 The partition function as a path integral over imaginary time . . . . . . . . 25<br />

3.2 Introduction of the auxiliary field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />

3.3 Discrete Hubbard-Stra<strong>to</strong>novich transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />

3.4 Formulation of the partition function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29<br />

4 The Projec<strong>to</strong>r QMC Method 31<br />

4.1 The trial wave function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />

4.2 Observables in the PQMC algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />

4.2.1 Equal time Green function G(τ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />

4.2.2 Imaginary time displaced Green function G(τ′, τ) . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />

4.2.3 Efficient calculation of G(τ′, τ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />

5 Outline of the Monte Carlo Technique 39<br />

5.1 The Monte Carlo sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39<br />

5.1.1 Implementation in the algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

5.2 The PQMC algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

5.2.1 Efficient realization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

6 Results 47<br />

6.1 Static observables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />

6.2 Excitation spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />

3

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