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Two Santonian texanitids have been collected from one pit in Kent from the upperpart of the coranguinum Zone. The base of the Santonian in England is thereforeprobably some way above the base of the conventional coranguinum Zone. The onlyammonites known from the socialis and testudinarius Zones are giant Parapuzosiawhich do not improve the correlation.In Kent, typical Santonian undulatoplicate inoceramids come in a few metresbeneath Bedwell’s Columnar (flint) Band (approximately 20 m below the UintacrinusZone) which itself contains Inoceramus cardissoides and a maximum abundance of I.undulatoplicatus. This would correspond with the base of the Santon-Stufe as used incentral Europe, but the true base of the Santonian may well be lower in thecoranguinum Zone. Unhappily the only Inoceramus known from the Santonian(upper) of Saintes is I. goldfussi, a species that is probably endemic to Aquitaine(Sornay 1959).Micraster is commonly used in England to fix the horizon within the coranguinumZone, in spite of its relative scarcity in the middle part of the zone, but there are nospecies in common with the Aquitaine basin (Stokes 1975). Echinocorys may wellprove a more valuable echinoid for correlation (see Peake in Hancock, editor,1972).The foraminifera of the Aquitaine Santonian have been listed by Seronie-Vivien(1972), who found that it was not possible to subdivide the stage with them; nor didshe record Globotruncana concavata which is widely regarded as the prime index forthe Santonian. Barr (1962) recorded this species from the cortestudinarium andcoranguinum Zones of the Isle of Wight: his figured specimen was from a highlevel in the coranguinum Zone, and we suspect that his examples from thecortestudinarium Zone may be a different species. The genus Bolivinoides beginsits range within the Santonian (Table 2) and its earliest representative, B.strigillata, was first described from the Taplow Phosphatic Chalk, probably fromthe testudinarius Zone (Barr 1966; Barr & Cordey 1964).The CampanianThe stage name Campanian was introduced by Coquand in 1857 on the basis ofsections he had described in 1856, one of which, the hillside at Aubeterre-sur-Dronne (La Grand Champagne) in Charente, he effectively designated as the type in1858. According to Coquand, the Campanian is the soft chalk with Ostrea vesicularis(his zones G to C in ascending order), the overlying beds being referred by Coquandto his Dordonian stage. Subsequently, Amaud (1877) modified the original conceptof both stages, drawing the base of the Dordonian at the point of entry of the largeforaminifer Orbitoides media at the base of Coquand’s Zone F, and recorded asuccession of ammonite assemblages from various localities in the Aquitaine Basin.It was Amaud’s interpretation of these two stages which was later used by deGrossouvre (1895-1901, pp. 377, 801) to work out possible zonations of theCampanian stage, from which the present standard quadripartite division has been
formulated:Bostrychoceras polyplocumHoplitoplacenticeras variMenabites (Delawarella) delawarensisDiplacmoceras bidorsatumThe base of the stage is thus currently drawn at the base of the bidorsatum Zone {seeSchmid 1959 for discussion).Recent work on the microfauna of the sections at Aubeterre has shown that thebulk of the type Campanian is actually Maastrichtian as now understood (van Hinte1965; Goharian 1971; Seronie-Vivien 1972). To try to stabilize the meaning ofCampanian, Seronie-Vivien has designated parastratotype sections near Ne in theCharente valley. In spite of this rationalization, it fails to provide us with a workingstandard for the base of the Campanian. Macro-fossils are scarce and not distinctive(Seronie-Vivien 1972, 44-46).Since there are no means of accurate correlation with the type area, and we haveno index ammonites of the lower zones of the stage in Britain, we have followedconvention and placed the base of the Campanian at the base of the assemblagezoneof Offaster pilula. This is taken at the base of the belt of Uintacrinus anglicus inSussex (Bed 5 of Brydone 1915), above the upper limit of Marsupites but 2 m lowerthan the base of the pilula Zone sensu Brydone (1914).The Campanian zones recognized here are:Belemnitella mucronataGonioteuthis quadrataOffaster pilulaIn southern England the pilula Zone has been divided into approximately sevenunits, mainly on the basis of the Echinocorys succession (Griffith & Brydone 1911;Brydone 1912, 1914; Gaster 1924, 1937; summary table by Peake in Hancock1972, p. 114). The quadrata Zone is more difficult to divide, and although it can beattempted with both belemnites and echinoderms, no subzonation is agreed. Themucronata Zone is readily divided into subzones based on Belemnitella andEchinocorys spp. (see Peake & Hancock 1961; Wood 1967; Wood in Manning et al.1970).The MaastrichtianThe Maastrichtian Stage was introduced by Dumont (1850) with the town ofMaastricht designated as type locality. The exact limits of Dumont’s concept of thestage are somewhat ambiguous and have given rise to considerable controversy (seeVoigt 1956, Deroo 1966, for a useful discussion). The stratotype has now been fixedby the Comite d’etude du Maastrichtian as the section of the Tuffeau deMaastricht—i.e. units Ma—Md of Uhlenbroek (1911)—exposed in the ENCI quarryat St. Pietersberg on the outskirts of Maastricht. Thus defined, the type Maastrichtianfalls entirely within the Upper Maastrichtian Substage of current usage (Schmid
Page 1 and 2: PETER FRANKLIN RAWSON, DENNIS CURRY
Page 3: PETER FRANKLIN RAWSON, DENNIS CURRY
Page 6 and 7: F i g . 2. Structural setting of Cr
Page 8 and 9: Viking Graben (Howitt 1974; Hancock
Page 10 and 11: In the non-marine Purbeck/Wealden s
Page 12 and 13: to be lineage-range zones, e.g. the
Page 14 and 15: The English Valanginian zonation su
Page 16 and 17: are recognized here:(a) the rarocin
Page 18 and 19: The fissicostatus Zone was proposed
Page 20 and 21: The loricatus Zone is a comparative
Page 22 and 23: The TuranianThe Turonian stage was
Page 24 and 25: The Zone of Inoceramus labiatus con
Page 26 and 27: GLOBOTRUNCANID ZONESTETHYAN N. EURO
Page 28 and 29: cortestudinarium Zone. In the botto
Page 32 and 33: 1959, 1967), corresponding with the
Page 34 and 35: Fletcher (1966) described the foram
Page 36 and 37: Sandstone is cut out and the Claxby
Page 38 and 39: Lower Cretaceous thins and becomes
Page 40 and 41: (90 ft) near Soham, Cambridgeshire,
Page 42 and 43: 405-4 m (1330 ft) in the Warlingham
Page 44 and 45: initially led to this conclusion (C
Page 46 and 47: F i g . 5 . Cretaceous of the Engli
Page 48 and 49: SEA29/25 - 1A lbiank2 mCAMBRIDGESHI
Page 50 and 51: Further still to the south-west, in
Page 52 and 53: of 5-5 m for A! and A2 combined, bu
Page 54 and 55: attributions of the inland pits in
Page 56 and 57: elow the bottom of the Totternhoe S
Page 58 and 59: Yorkshire (Column 22)The sequence g
Page 60 and 61: 1961 = Zone of Exogyra columba of H
Page 62 and 63: ------ 1967. Origin of the Hastings
Page 64 and 65: ------1961b. Geological age of the
Page 66 and 67: land. Pp. 161-68 in C a s e y , R .
Page 68 and 69: J o h n s o n , R. J. 1975. The bas
Page 70 and 71: ------ 1974. Cretaceous Foraminifer
Page 72 and 73: oberen deutschen Kreide. Palaeontog
Page 74 and 75: V e n a b l e s , E. M. 1 9 3 1 . N

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