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Establishing and Operating ECOSAN System in New and Existing Residential Areas23Table 3.9: Annual Capital Costs per PE (RM)Description 100 PE 500 PE 1000 PEAverage Annual Capital Costs 1 7,172 25,390 38,978Capital cost per PE per day 0.20 0.14 0.12Capital Cost per PE 872 617 473Note 1 : Assuming 20 year life and discount rate of 6 percent p.a.The capital costs per PE show a rapid decline from the smallest scheme cateringfor 100 PE to a scheme catering for 500 PE. There are further economies of scaleas costs per PE are reduced by 33 percent if the scheme is doubled to cater for1000 PE.3.5.3 Operating CostsThe main operating and maintenance costs for the grey water system are the oiland grease desludging, the maintenance of pump, constructed wetland and pipingsystem and replacement of pump (refer to Table 3.10).It is estimated that the oil and grease content of the grey water is about 0.1percent. The cost of desludging is based on this volume and using double thetransport cost per ton compared to black water collection due to the relatively lowvolume (typically between 1.5 and 10 m 3 ) per operation. The wetland maintenancewill include servicing of the pump sump, labour cost for the trimming of grasses,clogging of bio-filters, etc.Table 3.10: Operating and Maintenance Costs for Grey water System at NewHousing Area (RM / Year)ActivitySize of Housing Estate100 PE 500 PE 1000 PEDesludging of Oil and Grease 250 750 750Wetland maintenance 400 480 768Maintenance of piping 200 900 1600Annual O & M Cost (RM) 850 2,130 3,118The operation and maintenance costs per PE per day are only about RM 0.01-0.02.UEMS_TEC_02_53_Final ECOSAN Costing Report_280905.