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558 appendix aFortran — Acronym for formula translation; a classic language.fragmentation — File storage in many small, dispersed pieces.garbage — Meaningless numbers, usually the result of error or improperdefinition. Obsolete data in memory waiting to be removed (“collected”).giga, G — Prefix indicating 1 billion, 10 9 , of something (US).GUI — Graphical user interface; a windows environment.hard disk — A circular, spinning, storage device using magnetic memory.hardware — The physical components of a computer system.hashing — A transformation that converts keystrokes to data values.heuristic — A trial-and-error approach to problem solving.hexadecimal — Base 16; {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F}.hidden line surface — The part of a graphics object normally hidden from view.high-level language — A programming language similar to normal language.host computer — A central or remote computer serving other computers.HPC — High-performance computing.HTML — Hypertext markup language.icon — A small on-screen symbol that activates an application.increment — The amount added to a variable, especially an array index.index — The symbol used to locate a variable in an array; the subscript.infinite loop — The endless repetition of a set of instructions.input — The introduction of data from an external device into main storage.instructions — Commands to the hardware to do basic things.instruction stack — The ordered group of instructions currently in use.interpolation — Finding values between known values.interpreter — A language translator that sequentially converts each line of sourcecode to machine code and immediately executes each line.interrupt — A command that stops the execution of a program when an abnormalcondition is encountered.iterate — To repeat a series of steps automatically.jump — A departure from the linear processing of code; branch, transfer.just-in-time compiler — A program that recompiles a Java class file into moreefficient machine code.kernel — The inner or central part of a large program or of an operating system thatis not modified (much) when run on different computers.kill — To delete or stop a process.kilo, k — Prefix indicating 1 thousand, 10 3 .LAN — Local area network.LAPACK — A linear algebra package (a subroutine library).language — Rules, representations, and conventions used to communicateinformation.LHS — Left-hand side.library (lib) — A collection of programs or methods usually on a related topic.linking — Connecting separate pieces of code to form an executable program.literal — A symbol that defines itself, such as the letter A.load — To read information into a computer’s memory.load module — A program that is loaded into memory and run immediately.−101COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCET O N UNIVE R S I T Y P R E S SEVALUATION COPY ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN COURSES.ALLpup_06.04 — 2008/2/15 — Page 558