Research on Essence of Chicken - Mahidol University

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EOC as Functional Brain Food:Anti-ageingAge associated neural changes …•Mitochondrial dysfunction•Accumulation of altered proteinsLow [NAD + ]High [glycolytictriphosphates]Methylglyoxal (MG)(strong glycating agent)CARMG-damaged proteinsBrain &MusclesCAREOCAGEBrain & Muscles•Independent research: in vivo / in vitro evidence of CARNOSINE as neuroprotective / anti-ageingageingCARPublicationEOC as Functional Food:Anti‐Stress Effect of BRAND'S ® Essence of Chicken (BEC) onPlasma Glucose Levels in Mice Loaded with Restraint Stress.Kurihara H. et al.J. Health Sci. 2006;52:252‐8.The Protective Effect of BRAND'S ® Essence of Chicken (BEC)on Energy Metabolic Disorder in Mice Loaded with RestraintStress.Azhar M.Z. and Mohsin S.S.J.J. Health Sci. 2006;52:17‐23.Effects Of Chicken Essence Tablets On Resting MetabolicRateIkeda T. et al.Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2001;65:2083‐6.Effect Of L‐Carnosine On The Hyperglycemia Caused ByIntracranial Injection Of 2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose In Rats.Yamano T. et al.Neurosci. Lett. 2001;313:78‐82.Metabolism & Energy UtilizationFindingsEssence of Chicken reduced blood glucose and increasedinsulin level in mice with stress‐induced metabolicdysfunction.Essence of Chicken reduced plasma lipids, elevatedlipoprotein lipase activity in mice with stress‐inducedmetabolic dysfunction.Resting metabolic rate is the number of calories we need toburn in order to fuel essential bodily processes and keep ourorgans and tissues in working order. If we have a fastermetabolism we burn calories more efficiently and store lessfat. In a study done on 17 healthy subjects, chicken essencewas shown to increase the resting metabolic rate.Essence of Chicken reduced high blood sugar caused byintracranial injection of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose in rats. L‐carnosine, one of the components in chicken essence, wasshown to regulate the autonomic nerves leading to anincrease in plasma insulin and a reduction in plasmaglucagon level.•EOC increased restingmetabolic rate (humanstudy)•In stress-inducedmetabolic dysfunction(mouse model), EOC:•Inceases bloodinsulin•reduces bloodglucose•Improves plasmalipids profileLarge Acute Thermic Response To Chicken Essence InHumans.Geissler C. et al.Nutr. Reports Int. 1989;39:547‐56.One bottle (68ml) of Essence of Chicken significantlyincreased the metabolic rate of healthy individuals by 8%.EOC as Functional Brain FoodCarbohydrate (g/70g) 0Crude Protein (g/70g) 5.6Carnosine (mg/70ml) 70.0Anserine (mg/70ml) 210.0CarnosineImidazole dipeptide : β-alanyl-L-histidine1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 85(9), 3175‐3179 (1998)2. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72(12), 3100‐3106 (2008)3. Tohoku J.Exp. Med. 191(2), 85‐99 (2000)4. Neurosci. Lett. 414(2), 145‐149 (2007)5. Biochem. Pharmacol. 73(5), 709‐717 (2007)6. J. Neurosci. Res. 86(13), 2984‐2991 (2008)7. Expert Rev. Neurother. 9(5), 583‐585 (2009)8. Rejuvenation Res. 13(2‐3), 156‐158 (2010)9. Exp. Cell Res. 212(2), 167‐175 (1994)10. Exp. Gerontol. 34(1), 35‐45 (1999)11. Biochemistry (Moscow) 65(7), 991‐997 (2000)12. Biochemistry (Moscow) 65(7), 1018‐1021 (2000)13. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 324(2), 931‐936 (2004)14. Nutr Neurosci. 10(3‐4), 181‐186 (2007)15. Brain Res. 1122(1), 18‐23 (2006)16. Biochemistry (Moscow) 65(7), 907‐916 (2000)17. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 89(4), 627‐32 (2008)18. Ann. NY Acad. Sci 1067, 369‐374 (2006)19. Mech. Ageing Dev. 126, 1034‐1039 (2005)20. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 103(4), 981‐984 (1992)21. Arch. Geront. Geriat. 29, 107‐113 (1998)22. Biochemistry (Moscow) 66(10), 1157‐1163 (2001)23. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 11(11), 2759‐2775 (2009)24. Amino Acids. 32, 213‐224 (2007)•Muscle & brain content > 20mM•Neuroprotection‐Anti‐oxidant[1,2]‐Nerve system protection[3‐5]‐Protective effect against Ischemia damage[6]‐Anti‐alzheimer[7,8]•Anti‐aging‐Life span extension of human fibroblast[9‐11]‐ Life span extension and prevention of aging of SAMP1 mouse [12]‐Reduction of human fibroblast telomere damage[13]•Brain and Carnosine‐Carnosine can pass through BBB[6]‐Carnosine amount is increased after oral intake[14]‐Carnosine is uptaken via PEPT2 to glia cell[15]•Detoxifying Advanced Glycation End Products‐Carnosine reacts with AGEs[16]•Anti‐depressive effect‐Oral intake of Carnosine can extend forced swimming time[17]•Aging and Carnosine‐Carnosine level in muscle tissue reduces with aging[18‐21]‐Brain Carnosine level reduces in SAMP1 mouse[22]‐Brain Carnosinase level increases with aging[23]•Alzheimer and Carnosine‐Blood Carnosine level decreases in Alzheimer patients[24]PublicationEOC as Functional Food:Chicken Extract AffectsColostrum Protein CompositionsIn Lactating Women.Geissler C. et al.Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr.1996;47:351‐60.Use Of A Traditional BloodRemedy. A Study On RegularBlood Donors.Williams A.T. and Schey S.A.Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr.1993;44:17‐20.Iron Absorption & UtilizationFindingsEssence of Chicken (BEC) significantly promoted the restoration ofhaemoglobin to normal level in iron‐deficient anaemic rats. The absorptionof dietary iron was also significantly improved by BEC supplementation. Thisstudy provides scientific proof for the traditional belief that chicken essenceremedies anaemia.After blood donation, there was a significant percentage fall in serum ironespecially in female donors. The serum iron of blood donors taking BRAND'S ®Essence of Chicken was restored more rapidly to the norm than those takingplacebo. It is possible that Essence of Chicken improves iron status byimproving its absorption and mobilisation from iron stores in the body.•Human Study: EOC significantly enhanced recovery ofserum iron in human blood donors•EOC promotes absorption of dietary iron andrestoration of serum haemoglobin in iron-deficientanaemia (rat model)
EOC as Functional Food:ImmunityEOC as Functional Food:LactationPublicationFindingsEssence of Chicken increased serum IgG, IgA and IgM levelsThe Enhancing Effects of a of both normal and tissue‐stressed rats. Immunoglobulins (Ig)Chicken‐Meat Extract on Serum play an important role in immune responses by binding toIg Concentrations in Normal and foreign antigens and activate the immune system.Scalded Animals.Yan C.M. et al.Br. J. Nutr. 2005;94:51‐5.Essence of Chicken and its component peptides (carnosineA traditional Blood Remedy As Aand anserine) activated human immune cells (neutrophils)Modulator Of The Respiratoryand showed anti‐oxidant activity as demonstrated in an inBurst Of The Human Neutrophil:vitro study.An In Vitro Study.Candlish J.K.Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 1998;49:55‐63.•EOC and itscomponent peptides(carnosine &anserine) activatedhuman immune cells(neutrophils)•EOC increasedserum IgG, IgA andIgM levels of normaland tissue-stressconditions (ratmodel)PublicationChicken Extract AffectsColostrum ProteinCompositions In LactatingWomen.Chao J.C. et al.J. Nutr. Biochem.2004;15:37‐44.Effects of Essence ofChicken On PostnatalLactation.Li X.M. et al.J. Pract. Gynecol. Obstet.1997; 13:295‐6FindingsSupplementation of chicken extract increased the levels of lactoferrin, epidermal growthfactor and transforming growth factor‐ß2 in the breast milk of lactating women, henceimproving the quality of milk by increasing components that are beneficial to the growth,gastrointestinal development and immune functions of infants.In a clinical study done on 235 post‐delivery mothers, Essence of Chicken was shown topromote early milk secretion and improve milk production while maintaining the good qualityof mother's milk.•Human Study: EOC benefits lactating mothers by1. Promoting early breast milk secretion2. Increased breast milk production3. Enhancing breast milk quality (higherlactoferrin, EGF & TGF-β2 content)EOC as Functional Food:Cardiovascular HealthPublicationFindingsPreventive Effect Of A Chicken Essence of Chicken significantly reduced the development of hypertensionExtract On The Development Of and improved renal function parameters, such as blood urea nitrogen andHypertension In Stroke‐Prone plasma creatinine levels (well‐known markers of hypertensive renalSpontaneously Hypertensive Rats. diseases), in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. These suggestMatsumura Y. et al.that regular consumption of Essence of Chicken could serve as a preventiveBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. regimen against the development of hypertension.2002;66:1108‐10.Effects Of L‐Carnosine On Renal L‐carnosine helps to reduce the development of high blood pressure bySympathetic Nerve Activity And suppressing the sympathetic nerve activity.DOCA‐Salt Hypertension In Rats.Niijima A. et al.Auton. Neurosci. 2002;97:99‐102.Antihypertensive Effects Of Chicken Five‐week feeding with Essence of Chicken (BEC) efficiently suppressed theExtract Against Deoxycorticosterone development of hypertension induced by Deoxycorticosterone acetate andAcetate‐Salt‐Induced Hypertension In salt in a rat model. Increase in heart size, thickening of artery and kidneyRats.damage, all of which are well known markers of hypertension relatedMatsumura Y. et al.diseases, were significantly reduced by BEC intake. The results suggest thatBiol. Pharm. Bull. 2001;24:1181‐4. supplementation of BEC in the diet may be a preventive regimen against thedevelopment of hypertension.Cardiovascular Actions Of Chicken‐ Long term intake of Essence of Chicken was shown to attennuate theMeat Extract In Normo‐ And development of cardiac hypertrophy (heart enlargement) andHypertensive Rats.arteriosclerosis in spontaneously‐hypertensive rats.Sim M.K.Br. J. Nutr. 2001;86:97‐103.•In stroke-prone spontaneoushypertension (rat model),EOC:•Reduced developmentof hypertension•Improved renal function•Attenuate cardiachypertrophy•Reduce arteriosclerosis•Carnosine (EOC dipeptide)reduced development ofhypertension by suppressingsympathetic nerve activityEOCEOC as Functional Food:Physical PerformanceEOC as a Functional Health Food:Multiple Bioactives Multiple EfficaciesPublicationEffects of Postexercise Supplementation of ChickenEssence on the Elimination of Exercise‐Induced PlasmaLactate and Ammonia.Lo H.I. et al.Chin. J. Physiol. 2005;48:187‐92.FindingsChicken essence increased the elimination oflactate and ammonia from body, thus enhancingrecovery from exercise.•Human Study: EOC enhances recoveryfrom exertion (exercise) by promotingelimination of lactate and ammoniaPerceived Hea alth Benefits ofEOCWhite blood cells and thecomponent of immune systemReduces Risk of DiabetesImprove Heart HealthImproves ImmunityPromotes Mental ConcentrationMinutes –HoursDaysMonths-YearsLength of Consumption
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