MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ... - UNDP in Ukraine

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Table 5. Relative Risks of Poverty, 2000–2008Relative risks of poverty of: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Children 1.25 1.28 1.34 1.31 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.33 1.30Employed people 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.79 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.78Pensioners 0.83 0.82 0.77 0.87 0.83 0.79 0.87 0.88 0.89Source: Calculations of the Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the NAS of Ukraine based on the HouseholdBudget Survey of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.ues for the employed. Such profiles may indicateinefficiency of state social policy related to childrenand problems in the labour market – whenemployment does not guarantee a sufficient incometo satisfy basic needs or to protect familiesfrom poverty.An analysis of relative poverty risks 8 in selectedgroups confirms an extremely unsatisfactorysituation for children compared with the generalsituation in Ukraine (Table 5). Moreover, in recentyears, poverty risks for the employed have fallensomewhat behind corresponding values for theretired. However, in 2000–2002 and 2005, povertyrisks for the employed exceeded those for the retired,which contradicts basic economic relations.Poverty in Ukraine does not show a clearlymarked gender aspect, but some differencesare observed. Women have significantly lesspersonal income than men (UAH 925.2 againstUAH 1,380.5 per person per month), and thepoverty level 9 for men (over 18 years of age)is 24.4 percent against 25.5 percent for women.The most significant differences in poverty levelrelated to gender are observed among youth(18–34 years of age) and among people over theretirement age. In particular, the poverty levelamong men in the younger age group is 24.9 percentagainst 28.7 percent for women. Amongpeople over 60 years of age, the poverty level formen is 4.4 percentage points lower than that ofwomen (at 22.3 percent against 26.7 percent).The high share of expenditure on foodstuffswithin the structure of household expenditures is8 Relative poverty risks are calculated as the ratio of thepoverty indicator for a particular population group tothe average value in the country. They provide moreinformation during poverty profile analysis.9 The poverty level is calculated exclusively for households;therefore, indicators based on gender are derived fromhousehold indicators.one of the basic features of the low level of livingstandards and the significant incidence of povertyamong the Ukrainian population. Accordingto analysis of decile distribution based on this indicator(Table 6), around one-third of the country’spopulation (according to 2008 data) spendsaround 60 percent of their budget on foodstuffs,whereas the share of expenditures on food ofthose from the second to fifth decile groups averages57.6 percent. The value of the indicator iswithin the limits of 47–49 percent even for theeighth to ninth decile groups. Representatives ofthe richest (tenth) decile spend 36.3 percent oftheir budget on food. Although a decrease in theshare of expenditure on foodstuffs is observed forthe entire 2000–2008 period, this has occurredtoo slowly. Accordingly, there is no reason to expectfast changes in the population’s consumption,especially during the crisis period, when purchasingpower of all incomes will have decreased.In addition to the monetary dimension of poverty,Ukraine is characterized by a significantdegree of deprivation, or poverty of living conditions.According to the survey conducted bythe State Statistics Committee of Ukraine in October2007, 28.6 percent of the population sufferdeprivations simultaneously in four or more dimensions,including: improper living conditions;limited availability of social services; lack of property;shortcomings in health care; impossibility tohave a proper rest; etc. Rural inhabitants experiencedeprivations related to poor infrastructuraldevelopment more strongly than urban inhabitants.Every second rural household suffers frominadequate access to emergency medical assistanceand other public services, and every thirdfrom the lack of a health care institution close totheir place of residence and regular transport.Households with children suffer more from a lackof money to travel and from lack of a separateplace of residence and insufficient living space.38MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. UKRAINE – 2010
Table 6. Share of Household Consumption Expenditures Spent on Food and Non-AlcoholicBeverages (including Foods from Outside the Home), 2000–2008, %Decilegroup2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081 75.0 73.0 71.0 70.6 70.1 70.5 68.2 65.7 64.92 72.0 69.3 66.6 68.6 66.4 66.9 64.9 60.5 59.13 69.1 66.3 64.7 64.9 64.6 63.8 62.5 59.0 58.84 68.9 66.6 64.0 63.4 63.4 62.6 60.8 57.9 55.75 67.7 65.1 63.7 63.1 61.7 61.0 59.4 57.2 56.66 65.4 64.5 61.6 62.7 60.9 60.7 58.2 56.2 52.67 65.6 63.7 61.6 61.0 60.2 59.7 55.8 53.6 50.58 63.8 62.1 59.5 58.4 58.3 57.9 53.9 51.7 49.49 62.1 60.4 56.3 57.4 56.6 56.4 52.5 48.1 47.310 56.1 52.6 50.8 48.9 47.8 45.6 41.2 40.3 46.3Country average64.9 62.6 60.2 59.9 58.9 58.1 54.9 53.2 50.8Source: Data of the state Household Budget Survey of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.Households without children usually do not havethe financial capacity to pay for health care.The economic crisis significantly influenced theincomes of the employed. Despite nominal wagegrowth in 2008–2009, the real wage decreased.In particular, wages in 2009 (in comparable pricesof 2007) were significantly behind the correspondingmonth of 2008 (Figure 6). It was possibleto bring the average wage (in comparableprices) to the level of December 2008 only in December2009; during all other months of 2009,the average wage was less than that of the previousyear, by 9.97 percent.The past two years, 2008 and 2009, are characterizedby a sharp increase in wage arrears: at thebeginning of 2008, this was at UAH 668.7 million;as of 1 January 2010, it reached the level ofUAH 1,473.3 million, which is equal to 6.2 percentof the wages fund of December 2009. If the crisisdeepens or economic development stagnates,Figure 6. Average Monthly Wages, 2008–2009 (in December 2007 prices), UAHUAH.1700163116801631165116241636160015001478154515521403153414121548140914911514144914721448152214361626200820091400132313491300JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneSource: Calculations of the Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the NAS of Ukraine based on data of the StateStatistics Committee of Ukraine.JulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberCHAPTER TWO. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, ADAPTED FOR UKRAINE 39
Page 1 and 2: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSUKRAINE
Page 3 and 4: MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINEMILLE
Page 5 and 6: Ukraine acceded to the globally rec
Page 7 and 8: When 189 world leaders met at the U
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTSAcronyms AND AbbREVIATIONS
Page 11 and 12: Olga Balakireva, Head of Division f
Page 13: Bogdan Pydverbytskiy, Head of Divis
Page 16 and 17: The United Nations Millennium Decla
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER ONEUKRAINE:DEVELOPMENT DIME
Page 21 and 22: initial depreciation of the nationa
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2. Annual Rates of Declinein
Page 25 and 26: cent are poor, 18 percent have an a
Page 27 and 28: Human DevelopmentHuman development
Page 29 and 30: the development of renewable energy
Page 31: forest types and the composition, p
Page 34 and 35: This chapter provides information o
Page 36 and 37: GOAL 1:REDUCE POVERTYThis subchapte
Page 38 and 39: It is important to set a new target
Page 42 and 43: there may be a heightened risk of a
Page 44 and 45: A system of standards for providing
Page 46 and 47: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Page 48 and 49: gramme for International Student As
Page 50 and 51: continuous professional education (
Page 52 and 53: Owing to the imbalance between the
Page 54 and 55: cational means; and create proper c
Page 56 and 57: GOAL 3:PROMOTEGENDER EQUALITYThis s
Page 58 and 59: II. Situation AnalysisThe low level
Page 60 and 61: al growth, professional development
Page 62 and 63: Figure 9. Trend in Registered Unemp
Page 64 and 65: Decreasing the gender gap in income
Page 66 and 67: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Page 68 and 69: A positive shift towards an decreas
Page 70 and 71: GOAL 5:IMPROVEMATERNAL HEALTHThis s
Page 72 and 73: Table 8. Maternity Mortality in Ukr
Page 74 and 75: ods. In particular, in 2008, the le
Page 76 and 77: care to pre-term children with extr
Page 78 and 79: 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Page 80 and 81: Box 14. The estimated prevalence of
Page 82 and 83: culosis incidence rate increases in
Page 84 and 85: can mean that the real scale of HIV
Page 86 and 87: Prevention among most-at-risk popul
Page 88 and 89: Box 18.National Indicators for Moni
Page 90 and 91:
Impact22 Percentage of young women
Page 92 and 93:
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Page 94 and 95:
High energy consumption compared wi
Page 96 and 97:
Enhancing the network of natural re
Page 98 and 99:
Box 20. Influence of climate change
Page 100 and 101:
ANNEXESAnnex 1Development GOALS FOR
Page 102 and 103:
Goal 8: Develop a global partnershi
Page 104 and 105:
GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITYTarge
Page 106 and 107:
Progress towARDS ACHIEVING THE MDGs
Page 108 and 109:
Higher Education in Ukraine and Its
Page 110:
77. United Nations Development Prog
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