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5. Juvenile delinquency: Juvenile delinquency is a set of crimes committed by juveniles or children. A juvenile is a person, by some standards, who has not yet reached the age of maturity, or the legal age of 18 in some countries. Juvenile delinquency is a serious social issue because juveniles are capable of committing serious crimes. Many legal systems around the world take special procedures in dealing with juvenile delinquency. Many factors point out to the reasons why many young people resort to juvenile delinquency. In addition, one will soon find out that the delinquents should only receive a part of blame not all the blame for their actions. They are only victims of the situation. Pushed into committing these things and were not really left with much of a choice. 6. Addictions: Genetic, biological/pharmacological, and social factors precipitate chronic conditions known as addiction. Addiction is characterized by the compulsive use of substances or engagement of behaviors despite clear evidence to the user of consequent morbidity and/or other harmful effects.” Addiction as mentioned above is a state wherein a person engages in a certain behavior or substance repeatedly and soon becomes highly dependent on this substance or behavior. This situation can cause harmful effects on the person, not only physically but also mentally, socially and financially not to mention the possibility of a run-in with the law. Addictions can cause homelessness because it may cause the person to squander the money that has been earned on this addiction. If this addiction becomes serious, it can cause great financial instability, and in turn may lead to homelessness. 7. Schools: A school is a type of educational institution. The range of institutions covered by the term varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom, the term school refers primarily to pre-university institutions, and these can for the most part be divided into primary schools (sometimes further divided into infant school and junior school) and secondary schools. 15
In North America, the term school refers to any institute of education, at any level, and covers all of the following: preschool (for toddlers), kindergarten, elementary school, middle school (also called intermediate school or junior high school, depending on specific age groups and geographic region), high school, college, university, and graduate school. In the US, school performance through high school is monitored by each state's Department of Education. 2.1 Introduction 2. Review of related literature This chapter reviews the related literature about the area of study. The manner of review includes first, discovering where the research is coming from. Second is identifying the extent of studies regarding the topic. Third is exploring the shortcomings of the studies. Accordingly, this chapter provides the necessary backbone and support in order for the research to stand credible. By surveying the past researches related to the study, a historical perspective takes place. In this manner, this study is able to reflect, to compare, to learn from setbacks, and to produce a stronger and more efficient study. This part of the paper also provides the research with a rich source of data, both new and old that enhances and enriches the study. The review of related literature focuses on discussing the following: (1) street children phenomenon, (2) street children in global perspective, (3) street children in Sierra Leone, (4) factors that cause street children phenomenon, (5) the intervention used by Sierra Leone in order to solve the issue of street children, and (6) the living condition of street children. The specific topics provide necessary materials for the study. 16
Page 1 and 2: St. Clements University “Factors
Page 3 and 4: 3.14 Procedures ...................
Page 5 and 6: The United Nations Children's Fund
Page 7 and 8: sickness (AIDS) in Uganda, (Dodge &
Page 9 and 10: coping programs usually have a moni
Page 11 and 12: 3. Peer group influence has no effe
Page 13 and 14: . Those children who are actually l
Page 15: earnings are inadequate to acquire
Page 19 and 20: presence of street children phenome
Page 21 and 22: eports approximately 200,000 child
Page 23 and 24: and school, the equation of sexual
Page 25 and 26: Majority of today’s youth faces c
Page 27 and 28: psychological functioning often wor
Page 29 and 30: Given the resistance to stereotypic
Page 31 and 32: frequent colds. In addition, this i
Page 33 and 34: It is of more than passing interest
Page 35 and 36: 40% of the sexually active market c
Page 37 and 38: ecause of poverty, or have run away
Page 39 and 40: 2.6 Street children in Sierra Leone
Page 41 and 42: Young girls often are recruited as
Page 43 and 44: 2.7.1 Economic stagnation There is
Page 45 and 46: 2.7.2 Child abuse On the streets, o
Page 47 and 48: the tension-building phase, the inc
Page 49 and 50: some passing pervert, stealing wall
Page 51 and 52: mostly in central locations where t
Page 53 and 54: Most girls made repeated efforts to
Page 55 and 56: that once he left the street there
Page 57 and 58: in the streets are that they are mo
Page 59 and 60: downright criminal activities like
Page 61 and 62: home. When he finds a group of frie
Page 63 and 64: The culture of violence gradually b
Page 65 and 66: Most children live and grow within
Page 67 and 68:
money to the national government fo
Page 69 and 70:
As members of the new homeless, you
Page 71 and 72:
Illegal activities flourish in the
Page 73 and 74:
� The media - media give out diff
Page 75 and 76:
There is a great difference as to h
Page 77 and 78:
crime-dependent street culture. On
Page 79 and 80:
tend many machines in the modern fa
Page 81 and 82:
In other recent studies, the resear
Page 83 and 84:
According to Donald & Swart-Kruger
Page 85 and 86:
gives by a significant individual o
Page 87 and 88:
displayed no signs of delinquency a
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children’s development could be a
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have intense behaviour, there is a
Page 93 and 94:
2.13 Healthy development childhood
Page 95 and 96:
numerous storms of negative emotion
Page 97 and 98:
In terms of approach, the study emp
Page 99 and 100:
3.5 Interview/questionnaire structu
Page 101 and 102:
Documentary secondary data, accordi
Page 103 and 104:
different in their means. To assist
Page 105 and 106:
3.11 Confidentiality The privacy of
Page 107 and 108:
The interviews were conducted over
Page 109 and 110:
For the purpose of lucidity, this c
Page 111 and 112:
58. 53% Gender of children living i
Page 113 and 114:
In the table and figure above, it s
Page 115 and 116:
23% Distribution of children in nor
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43. 40% Distribution of where child
Page 119 and 120:
shows that more children were born
Page 121 and 122:
Table 5b and Figure 5b shows the se
Page 123 and 124:
Table 6d and Figure 6d presents the
Page 125 and 126:
Percentage of children in normal fa
Page 127 and 128:
Table 7a Percentage children in nor
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Percentage of the kind kouse childr
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Percentage of How many Times Childr
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108. 99% Percentage of children in
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espondents includes their gender, a
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District codes Kenema Male Female 1
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Bo 27 9 36 Freetown 13 20 33 Total
Page 141 and 142:
District codes Kenema 140 31 1 0 0
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Freetown 26 7 33 Total 130 36 166 N
Page 145 and 146:
Distribution of street children who
Page 147 and 148:
Figure 16b Percentage of Street Chi
Page 149 and 150:
How often street children see their
Page 151 and 152:
their friends. This indicates that
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town has the highest number of stre
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ecome stronger with age, in part be
Page 157 and 158:
Percentage of Street Children who l
Page 159 and 160:
Table 17g and figure 17g shows that
Page 161 and 162:
District Codes Kenema 160 9 16 2 0
Page 163 and 164:
The table and figure above shows th
Page 165 and 166:
Makeni 8 14 8 30 Bo 4 10 22 36 Free
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From the table it can be seen that
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Number of Children 35 30 25 20 15 1
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Kenema Figure 18
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Total 31 31 54 22 16 12 166 Number
Page 175 and 176:
Total 44 41 81 166 Figure 20b Table
Page 177 and 178:
District codes Kenema Town distribu
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want to go home. They prefer going
Page 181 and 182:
Table 21e and figure 21e illustrate
Page 183 and 184:
39. 23% Figure 22a Percentage of wh
Page 185 and 186:
143. 87% Figure 23a Distribution of
Page 187 and 188:
Distribution of offences for which
Page 189 and 190:
committed and these children have a
Page 191 and 192:
100 80 60 40 20 Cross analysis: Gen
Page 193 and 194:
Number of Children 70 60 50 40 30 2
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Figure 24f 150 100 50 0 and street
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Table 24h Children in Normal family
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Ch
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the construction of houses, this is
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for a crime. Only seven children fr
Page 205 and 206:
24b2 Confidence level: 95% Meana-Me
Page 207 and 208:
Descriptive statistics: Children in
Page 209 and 210:
Standard error of difference 13.32
Page 211 and 212:
Descriptive statistics: Children in
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
children lived in 24j1 Independent
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Independent samples t-test 24l2 Con
Page 221 and 222:
There are many reasons that have be
Page 223 and 224:
adolescence, a child’s desire for
Page 225 and 226:
children within such settings, a su
Page 227 and 228:
children will no longer return home
Page 229 and 230:
lives exacerbate their emotional pr
Page 231 and 232:
In most cases, street children and
Page 233 and 234:
there are more female children on t
Page 235 and 236:
help fend for themselves and their
Page 237 and 238:
They have an acute awareness of the
Page 239 and 240:
Seeing their problems against the b
Page 241 and 242:
midst of a government-waged war on
Page 243 and 244:
intervention strategies generally r
Page 245 and 246:
When a street child is reported to
Page 247 and 248:
Personal characteristics include in
Page 249 and 250:
visitation programs, service networ
Page 251 and 252:
McWhirter (2004) stated that essent
Page 253 and 254:
Yours faithfully, Prince Cummings P
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
258 5. The researcher may be expect
Page 261 and 262:
16. Where were you born? 260 01. We
Page 263 and 264:
13. Where are your parents? 14. Are
Page 265 and 266:
Bamurange V (1998) “Relationships
Page 267 and 268:
Mafuba, C (1994) “Poverty spawnin
Page 269 and 270:
Youth at the Crossroad of Custom an
Page 271 and 272:
Miller, PA, Ryan, P & Morrison, W (
Page 273 and 274:
Mafuba, C (1994) “Poverty spawnin
Page 275 and 276:
Beaudoin, M-N (2001) “Promoting R
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