Basics of MATLAB and Beyond

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x = linspace(0,1,200);y = humps(x);subplot(221)plt(x,y)text(.5,1,’Scale = 1’,...’units’,’normalized’)subplot(222)plt(x/7,y/7)text(.5,1,’Scale = 1/7’,...’units’,’normalized’)Notice that the text commands here use the same positional references,being x =0.5 and y = 1 in normalized units.Another example shows a plot and a zoomed portion:load clownsubplot(221)imagesc(X)colormap(map)axis image offhold onplot([150 230 230 150 150],...[100 100 60 60 100])subplot(223)imagesc(X(60:100,150:230))axis image offaxesaxis manualhold onx = [.195 0 NaN .301 .419];y = [.793 .348 NaN .793 .348];plt(x,y)axis offThe statement axis manual is needed here to freeze the axes limits attheir default values. To produce the x and y data for the zoom-lines,I used the ginput command to obtain the coordinates with the mouse.The ginput command gets input from the current axes. So if you wantto add more points to the invisible axis, you must make it visible again,otherwise your mouse click will be interpreted with reference to the lastplotted (visible) axes.34 Graphical User InterfacesA graphical user interface (GUI) is a system of graphical elements thatallow a user to interact with software using mouse operations. There arethree ways to make graphical user interfaces:c○ 2000 by CRC Press LLC
1. Use graphical elements that serve no other purpose than to allowthe user to interact (virtual buttons, switches, knobs, sliders, popupmenus, and so on). (See demo for examples of these.)2. Use graphical elements that perform a dual function: display dataand interaction. For example, a plotted line can both display dataand can alter data when a user clicks on the line and drags it to anew position. (See sigdemo1 in the signal processing toolbox foran example.)3. Use mouse-downs, drags, and mouse-ups anywhere within the Figureto perform an action. (For example, typing rotate3d wheneveryou are displaying a three-dimensional plot allows you to click anddrag to change the viewpoint.)The first group of GUIelements (buttons, etc.) are the easiest to workwith, so we deal with those first.There are three GUI-specific graphical objects in matlab: uicontrols,uimenus, and uicontextmenus.These are at the same level as Axes objects in matlab’s object hierarchy.They are children of Figures; they have no children. Their appearanceand behaviour are defined by their property values. We first look at thedifferent styles of uicontrol. Then we will look at how you can programa uicontrol to do something by setting its callback property. Finally,we will go through the various uicontrols in a bit more detail, beforeconsidering uimenus. Uicontextmenus control matlab’s behaviour whenyou do a “right-click” (or equivalent menu-getting click on your system)on a graphical object. They will not be described here, but you can finda description in the helpdesk entry under Handle Graphics Objects.If you type uicontrol, you will get matlab’s default uicontrol (weassign its handle to h for later use):h = uicontrol;As usual, get(h) will give you a list of properties for this object. Animportant property for uicontrols is the style property. The style of thisobject is>> get(h,’style’)ans =pushbuttonc○ 2000 by CRC Press LLC
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BASICS OFMATLAB®and Beyondc○ 200
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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typing pwd (print working directory
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ContentsIBasics of MATLAB1 First St
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20 Time-Frequency Analysis21 Line A
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39Answers to Exercises (Part I)40 A
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Set → Getting Started with MATLAB
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1.5 The Colon OperatorTo generate a
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matlab will recall the last command
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a = zeros(2,3)a =0 0 00 0 0>> b = o
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[a a(a)]ans =1 2 3 1 4 74 5 6 2 5 8
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a + bans =11 3344 6677 993.8 Transp
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4.2 Adding PlotsWhen you issue a pl
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x = [[1 2 3 4]’ [2 3 4 5]’ [3 4
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4.7 AxesSo far we have allowed matl
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v =1122>> v*uans =1 2 0 11 2 0 12 4
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max returns a vector containing the
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s = 100*spiral(3)s =700 800 900600
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We can plot the surface z as a func
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The contour function plots the cont
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m = gray(8);colormap(m)imagesc(1:10
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hold onplot3(x(ind),y(ind),z(ind),
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z = 5*ones(3,3)z =5 5 55 5 55 5 5>>
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contour(x,y,z,30);You may have noti
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variables that are local to themsel
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SwitchThe basic form of a switch st
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i =i =123136Vectorised Codematlab i
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9.1 MATLAB FormatTo save all the va
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11 StartupEach time you start matla
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Where p i is the population for yea
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NaNs by leaving them off the plot.
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clfpolar(t,gdb)In this case you mus
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-0.5000-0.3750-0.2500-0.125000.1250
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the periodograms of the blocks, and
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plot(y(1:1000))axis([0 1000 -5 5])z
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comet(x,y)(You can get a three-dime
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By clicking within the panner box a
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x = linspace(-1,1,8192);Fs = 1000;y
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23.3 Graphical Object Hierarchymatl
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Now we need to get the handles of a
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Beyond the BasicsPreludeThis part o
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clfgplot(A,[x y])axis off(Try zoomi
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str =you’re the one>> str = ’
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strrep(str,’go’,’am’)ans =I
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ans =3.14159e+100Some additional te
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eval(str)v =1 2 3 4 5The eval(str)
Page 94 and 95: Inline objects, like every other ma
Page 96 and 97: a(1,1) = {[1 2 3]}a =[1x3double]or>
Page 98 and 99: t = {’help’ spiral(3) ; eye(2)
Page 101 and 102: meteo.Temperatureans =24ans =19.000
Page 103 and 104: 3 >> a = [1 2 ;4 5 6;7 8 9]a =1 2 3
Page 105 and 106: [x,y] = meshgrid(1:5,1:3)x =1 2 3 4
Page 107 and 108: ans(:,:,2) =999And to sum over “p
Page 109 and 110: An Application of RGB ImagesTo see
Page 111 and 112: You can see that over the 8 time st
Page 113 and 114: name>> staff(2,1,2).name(5:9)ans =B
Page 115 and 116: q =7 8 96 1 25 4 3>> save saved_dat
Page 117 and 118: fid = fopen(’asc.dat’);The fope
Page 119 and 120: display and the enclosed area is th
Page 121 and 122: MarkerEdgeColor = auto(and so on)In
Page 123 and 124: text(-.7,f(-.7),’f(X)’)But we h
Page 125 and 126: plt(x,f(x/2),’--’)Let us try ca
Page 127 and 128: Example: findobjThe findobj command
Page 129 and 130: 3. Add the property you want to set
Page 131 and 132: is numbered from top to bottom. The
Page 133 and 134: axis ijUsually images like this do
Page 135 and 136: 32.2 Tick Marks and Labelsmatlab’
Page 137 and 138: clfaxes(’pos’,[.2 .1 .7 .4])x =
Page 139 and 140: property to [0 top] in the call to
Page 141 and 142: object’s HorizontalAlignment and
Page 143: the required symbols. The m-file ti
Page 147 and 148: uicontrol(’Callback’,’ezplot(
Page 149 and 150: uicontrol(’Pos’,[110 280 60 19]
Page 151 and 152: ’String’,’0.5’,’Style’,
Page 153 and 154: function exradio(action)if nargin =
Page 155 and 156: fail. One place to put variables th
Page 157 and 158: 34.7 Fast DrawingFor fast drawing o
Page 159 and 160: controlled by guide and which are a
Page 161 and 162: InvertHardcopy: [ {on} | off ]Paper
Page 163 and 164: Another option is to use an image f
Page 165 and 166: yur is the y coordinate of the uppe
Page 167 and 168: \end{center}\caption{This is the fi
Page 169 and 170: x 294x1 ...y 294x1 ...z 294x1 ...Gr
Page 171 and 172: diagram. Such a triangular grid can
Page 173 and 174: xt = x([1 9 10 1]);yt = y([1 9 10 1
Page 175 and 176: x = [0 0 .5 0.5 .5 1 11 .5 .5 .5];y
Page 177 and 178: fac2 = [1 2 61 6 31 4 61 6 5];The r
Page 179 and 180: t = linspace(0,2*pi,20);x = cos(t);
Page 181 and 182: N = 20;dt = 2*pi/N;t = 0:dt:(N-1)*d
Page 183 and 184: colouring of the sphere itself. To
Page 185 and 186: material dullThe default is materia
Page 187 and 188: time taken by this routine to calcu
Page 189 and 190: first row of a by taking the column
Page 191 and 192: 38.3 Debuggingmatlab has a suite of
Page 193 and 194: 10: y = linspace(ycentre - L,ycentr
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We change variables:p ′ = C + Bx.
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Exercise 6 (Page 59)You can generat
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33 ! 36 $ 39 ’ 42 * 45 - 48 034 "
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R = 1; N = 200;[x,y] = meshgrid(lin
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(The plot might take a few seconds
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% Reproduce the layers at the diffe
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