Basics of MATLAB and Beyond

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23.3 Graphical Object Hierarchymatlab graphical objects are arranged according to the hierarchy shownhere.The object immediately above another is called a parent, and the objectsbelow are called children. In general, children inherit their handle graphicsproperties from their parent. For example the position of a line on aplot depends on the position of the axes that it goes in, which, in turn,depends on the position of the figure window.The Root object is the computer screen. There can only be one Rootobject. You can see the properties of the Root object and the allowableoptions by typing set(0) (the handle of the Root is always equal tozero).The Uicontrol, Uimenu, and Uicontextmenu objects are graphicaluser interface elements that are discussed in Part II of this book (seepage 133).A parent can have any number of children. For example the Rootcan have many Figures, a Figure can have many Axes, and a set of Axescan have many Lines, Surfaces, and so on. If a parent has many children,one of them is designated the current one. For example the current setof axes is the one that will be updated the next time you do a linecommand. You can make an object current by clicking on it with themouse. For example, I clicked on the fourth line from the bottom beforesetting its linewidth property to 5 (the default linewidth is 0.5):plot([1:10]’*[1:10])set(gco,’linewidth’,5)The following functions return the handles of current objects:gcf Get Current Figuregca Get Current Axesgco Get Current Objectc○ 2000 by CRC Press LLC
The handle of a Figure is the number (1, 2, etc.) that normallyappears in the Figure’s title bar (supplied by the windowing system).All of the graphical objects, except the Root object, have low-levelcreation functions in which you can specify their properties. For example,here is how to create a set of axes with the x-axis tick marks labelledby months of the year:lbls = [’Jan|Feb|Mar|April|May|June|’...’July|Aug|Sept|Oct|Nov|Dec’];clfaxes(’position’,[.1 .5 .8 .1],’xlim’,[1 12],...’xtick’,1:12,’xticklabel’,lbls)The general format of object creation functions ishandle = function (’propertyname ’,’propertyvalue ’)The output of the function is the handle of the object. This handlecan then be used in subsequent calls to get and set to modify theproperties of the object. The propertyname s are displayed by matlabwith capitalisation to make them easier to read; for example, theVerticalAlignment text property or the YAxisLocation axes property.When you are typing property names, you do not need to use the fullname or any capitalisation; you need only use enough letters of the propertyname to uniquely specify it, and matlab does not care what capitalisationyou use. Nevertheless, when writing m-files, it is a good ideato use the full property name because abbreviated names may no longerbe unique if extra properties are added in future releases of matlab.Example: Line WidthThe default way to plot a matrix is to draw one line for each column ofthe matrix, with the lines differentiated by colour. Suppose instead thatwe want to differentiate the lines by their thicknesses. One way to do itis as follows. First generate the data and plot it:y = [1:10]’*[1:10];clfplot(y)c○ 2000 by CRC Press LLC
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BASICS OFMATLAB®and Beyondc○ 200
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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typing pwd (print working directory
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ContentsIBasics of MATLAB1 First St
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20 Time-Frequency Analysis21 Line A
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39Answers to Exercises (Part I)40 A
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Set → Getting Started with MATLAB
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1.5 The Colon OperatorTo generate a
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matlab will recall the last command
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a = zeros(2,3)a =0 0 00 0 0>> b = o
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[a a(a)]ans =1 2 3 1 4 74 5 6 2 5 8
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a + bans =11 3344 6677 993.8 Transp
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4.2 Adding PlotsWhen you issue a pl
Page 28 and 29: x = [[1 2 3 4]’ [2 3 4 5]’ [3 4
Page 30 and 31: 4.7 AxesSo far we have allowed matl
Page 32 and 33: v =1122>> v*uans =1 2 0 11 2 0 12 4
Page 34 and 35: max returns a vector containing the
Page 36 and 37: s = 100*spiral(3)s =700 800 900600
Page 38 and 39: We can plot the surface z as a func
Page 40 and 41: The contour function plots the cont
Page 42 and 43: m = gray(8);colormap(m)imagesc(1:10
Page 44 and 45: hold onplot3(x(ind),y(ind),z(ind),
Page 46 and 47: z = 5*ones(3,3)z =5 5 55 5 55 5 5>>
Page 48 and 49: contour(x,y,z,30);You may have noti
Page 50 and 51: variables that are local to themsel
Page 52 and 53: SwitchThe basic form of a switch st
Page 54 and 55: i =i =123136Vectorised Codematlab i
Page 56 and 57: 9.1 MATLAB FormatTo save all the va
Page 58 and 59: 11 StartupEach time you start matla
Page 60 and 61: Where p i is the population for yea
Page 62 and 63: NaNs by leaving them off the plot.
Page 64 and 65: clfpolar(t,gdb)In this case you mus
Page 66 and 67: -0.5000-0.3750-0.2500-0.125000.1250
Page 68 and 69: the periodograms of the blocks, and
Page 70 and 71: plot(y(1:1000))axis([0 1000 -5 5])z
Page 72 and 73: comet(x,y)(You can get a three-dime
Page 74 and 75: By clicking within the panner box a
Page 76 and 77: x = linspace(-1,1,8192);Fs = 1000;y
Page 80 and 81: Now we need to get the handles of a
Page 82 and 83: Beyond the BasicsPreludeThis part o
Page 84 and 85: clfgplot(A,[x y])axis off(Try zoomi
Page 86 and 87: str =you’re the one>> str = ’
Page 88 and 89: strrep(str,’go’,’am’)ans =I
Page 90 and 91: ans =3.14159e+100Some additional te
Page 92 and 93: eval(str)v =1 2 3 4 5The eval(str)
Page 94 and 95: Inline objects, like every other ma
Page 96 and 97: a(1,1) = {[1 2 3]}a =[1x3double]or>
Page 98 and 99: t = {’help’ spiral(3) ; eye(2)
Page 101 and 102: meteo.Temperatureans =24ans =19.000
Page 103 and 104: 3 >> a = [1 2 ;4 5 6;7 8 9]a =1 2 3
Page 105 and 106: [x,y] = meshgrid(1:5,1:3)x =1 2 3 4
Page 107 and 108: ans(:,:,2) =999And to sum over “p
Page 109 and 110: An Application of RGB ImagesTo see
Page 111 and 112: You can see that over the 8 time st
Page 113 and 114: name>> staff(2,1,2).name(5:9)ans =B
Page 115 and 116: q =7 8 96 1 25 4 3>> save saved_dat
Page 117 and 118: fid = fopen(’asc.dat’);The fope
Page 119 and 120: display and the enclosed area is th
Page 121 and 122: MarkerEdgeColor = auto(and so on)In
Page 123 and 124: text(-.7,f(-.7),’f(X)’)But we h
Page 125 and 126: plt(x,f(x/2),’--’)Let us try ca
Page 127 and 128: Example: findobjThe findobj command
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3. Add the property you want to set
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is numbered from top to bottom. The
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axis ijUsually images like this do
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32.2 Tick Marks and Labelsmatlab’
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clfaxes(’pos’,[.2 .1 .7 .4])x =
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property to [0 top] in the call to
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object’s HorizontalAlignment and
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the required symbols. The m-file ti
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1. Use graphical elements that serv
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uicontrol(’Callback’,’ezplot(
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uicontrol(’Pos’,[110 280 60 19]
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’String’,’0.5’,’Style’,
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function exradio(action)if nargin =
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fail. One place to put variables th
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34.7 Fast DrawingFor fast drawing o
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controlled by guide and which are a
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InvertHardcopy: [ {on} | off ]Paper
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Another option is to use an image f
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yur is the y coordinate of the uppe
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\end{center}\caption{This is the fi
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x 294x1 ...y 294x1 ...z 294x1 ...Gr
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diagram. Such a triangular grid can
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xt = x([1 9 10 1]);yt = y([1 9 10 1
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x = [0 0 .5 0.5 .5 1 11 .5 .5 .5];y
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fac2 = [1 2 61 6 31 4 61 6 5];The r
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t = linspace(0,2*pi,20);x = cos(t);
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N = 20;dt = 2*pi/N;t = 0:dt:(N-1)*d
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colouring of the sphere itself. To
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material dullThe default is materia
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time taken by this routine to calcu
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first row of a by taking the column
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38.3 Debuggingmatlab has a suite of
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10: y = linspace(ycentre - L,ycentr
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We change variables:p ′ = C + Bx.
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Exercise 6 (Page 59)You can generat
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33 ! 36 $ 39 ’ 42 * 45 - 48 034 "
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R = 1; N = 200;[x,y] = meshgrid(lin
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(The plot might take a few seconds
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% Reproduce the layers at the diffe
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