Natural and technological hazards - Enviroportal.sk

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ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORSNATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDSIt is necessary to avoid losse resulting from flooding, to reduce theirextent and impacts, and to influence the development of flooding. It isbeing achieved mainly by systematic prevention and by securing andsaving jobs, carried out in accordance with flooding plans andinstructions from flood controlling authorities.§ 42 article 1 Act no. 138/1973 Coll on the protection against floods(water Act)Water Quality Deterioration as a Result of Various AccidentsSince the year 1993 until 2000 the Slovak Environmental Inspection (SIŽP), department of water managementinspection notices a decreasing number of Water Quality Threatening and Deterioration Accidents (MOV). Theabove mentioned tendency is observed for surface as well for ground water. MOV trend overview is presented inthe following table.Water Quality Threatening and Deterioration Accidents (MOV) in SR for years 1993 – 2000Special water deterioration (MOV)no. of MOVsyearSurface waterGround waterrecorded by SIŽP boundaryoverall count watercourses and basins overall count Pollution Threateningwatercouress1993 142 95 3 12 47 10 371994 121 82 5 7 39 10 291995 129 73 5 11 56 8 481996 117 71 1 10 46 7 391997 109 63 0 6 46 14 321998 117 66 2 1 51 10 411999 98 61 2 9 37 3 342000 82 55 2 9 27 3 24Source: SIŽPFrom the perspective of Water Contaminants Types (WCT), during 1993 – 2000 oil substances contributed toMOV in the greatest extent. Unspecified WCT contributed to MOV in significant number.MOV trend according to the WCTs in the years 1993 – 2000Water detrimental substance type 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Oil substances 70 63 76 69 50 61 54 33 Alcali 5 3 3 5 10 3 5 2 Pesticides 2 1 0 1 1 3 1 0 Excrements of farm animals 8 9 11 14 8 3 7 5 Silage fluids 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 4
Industrial fertilizers 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Other texic substances 5 5 5 1 5 0 6 12 Insoluble compounds 11 4 6 4 8 7 1 5 Waste water 8 6 1 6 11 17 6 10 Other substances 4 13 10 9 6 6 4 2Unspecified water - contaminatingsubstances 29 17 16 7 9 17 12 9Source: SIŽPUnknown originators are contributing to MOV by stable significant percentage (in the year 2000 34.1%), numberof MOV originated outside the SR territory, or caused by foreign organisations was significantly variable (orderlyunits of % from the total recorded MOV) in 1993 – 2000.Overview of MOV originated outside the SR territory, caused by foreign originators, or by unknownoriginators in years 1993 –2000MOV caused or originated (count)yearoutside the SR territory by foreign organisations unknown originatorsno. % no. % no. %1993 7 4.9 7 4.9 44 31.01994 2 1.7 2 1.7 44 36.41995 5 3.9 3 2.3 28 21.71996 3 2.6 3 2.6 23 19.71997 1 0.5 6 5.5 20 18.41998 0 0 7 6 28 23.91999 3 3.1 3 3.1 27 27.62000 5 6.1 1 1.2 28 34.1Source: SIŽPThe main causes of unfavorable state in the number of unknown MOV originators are: (a) time factor (lateaccident announcement) and (b) insufficient operativeness during the MOV assessment of causes and originatorsfrom the side of pertinent institutions.Overview of main factors causing MOV according to records of the SIŽP in 1993 – 2000MOV causes 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Non-compliance with technological and work discipline 23 25 34 20 35 29 20 14Unsatisfactory facilities conditions caused by:2A insufficient maintenance and accessories 14 14 12 11 10 10 6 72B inappropriate technical design of solution 12 12 9 11 4 4 11 52C inadequate storage and emergency tank capacity 1 0 3 3 0 1 2 1Extraordinary events 3A fire0 0 03B explosionAtmospheric factors 4A atmospheric factors4B oxigen deficitTransport and haulage: 5A transport1 2 3 2 02 6 4 15 429 16 14 20 285B haulage9 6 1Accident originated outside the SR territory 7 2 5 3 1 0 3 5Other 11 13 29 14 13 15 15 14Unknown 44 32 16 18 13 23 16 19110240501413111
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Page 6: Flood situation analysis in the yea

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