Live News - A Survival Guide - International Federation of Journalists

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CHAPTER 5Emergency medical aidOne leg can be strapped to the otherto form a splint support. Once this isdone, the casualty will not be able tohop or walk, even with support.One leg can provide arough splint for the other.Hook the fractured leg overthe good leg, and strap thelegs together in at least threeplaces. Bear in the mind that,if you strap the legs together,the casualty will not be ableto hop or walk, even withyour support, and you willneed to carry them on astretcher.If the casualty cannotwalk, place a stretcher on theground and roll the casualtyhalf over (two or more people acting together). Pull the stretcherunder the body and roll the casualty back. The stretcher can nowbe tightened up to provide a secure platform. To improvise astretcher, place two coats on the ground with the head ends facingin opposite directions. Push a pole through two armholes, andanother pole through the other two.When splinting the leg, take a flexiblesupport around the foot toanchor the splint.Bandage around the bottom of thefoot, to make the splint secure and toprevent the foot from flexing.A flexible stretcher can be pulled tight and will provide a firm support if thereare enough people to carry. Stretchers can be improvised with broomsticks orpoles, pushed through the arms of two coats.With a leg splinted in this fashionthe casualty can walk on one leg withsupport.Photos: Rob Judges82
Live News — A Survival Guide for JournalistsEvacuate the patientOnce the casualty is stabilised, evacuate them to a safer place andthen to a hospital or clinic. Go with them and give a full accountof what you have done. The casualty will appreciate a friendly face.Give painkillers and plasma (to replace lost blood).BurnsBurns can be caused by dry heat (flame and blast), wet heat (scalding),acid or alkali chemicals, electric shock, friction (beingdragged across the ground) or by irradiation, (which is outside thescope of this manual).Superficial burns penetrate less than the full thickness of theinner skin (corium) and are intensely painful. Deep burns causecharring below the full depth of the skin. They look very bad. Thenerve ends are destroyed by deep burns, but the casualty will probablyalso have superficial burns and thus be in pain. Deep burnscause internal swelling that can block arteries. If 20% or more ofthe body has superficial burns or 10% has deep burns, this constitutesa very serious risk. Burned casualties leak plasma and may gointo hypovolemic shock from loss of blood fluid (plasma).IMPROVISE A SPLINTImprovise a splint with anythingthat holds the limb rigid. In thetop picture the splint is a metalrod. The bottom picture shows asplint improvised from a cameratripod. Both splints are held inplace using belts.Photos: Rob JudgesAction in the event of burnsThe first priority is to prevent further damage. If someone is burning,bring them to the ground and roll them to extinguish flames.Use a blanket or otherwise deprive the flames of oxygen. Then coolthe burn. Use soaked sheets or soak the casualty in water for tenminutes. Cut away loose clothing but leave clothing that adheresto the burn, in case of causing more damage. The casualty maycomplain of being cold. Get them to drink copious amounts toreplace lost liquid. Make up rehydration solution with ½ teaspoonof salt and ½ teaspoon of baking powder to a litre of water.Immerse a scald in cold water. It takes at least ten minutes toneutralise the burning effect.For chemical burns, caused by ammonia, car battery acid, etc.remove all contaminated clothing, and soak affected area in copiousamounts of water for at least ten minutes. If you have CAP antiburnsolution, use it to neutralise acid or alkali.Exposure or heat strokeAway from your base, perhaps in an unfamiliar setting or climate,journalists on assignments are at risk in extremes of weather, par-83
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A SURVIVAL GUIDEFOR JOURNALISTSLIVE
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LIVENEWSA SURVIVAL GUIDEFOR JOURNAL
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ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . .
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IntroductionOver the past 12 years
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Live News — A Survival Guide for
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Chapter 1Preparing to work inhostil
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Part 2The Danger ZoneA cameraman ju
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Live News - A Survival Guide - International Federation of Journalists

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