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10 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEat the beginning of a tendency to swing to a curve towards theleft from the bottom of "o", thus making a small bulb.Fig. II. Varieties of forms of Capital letters foundin the retraction.In Figure VI, we have a variety of "p" as the initial letter ofthe words. On the left side, we have the "p's" whose finishingstroke produces a knot by curving to the left in a downward strokefrom the top of the bar and then reversing this direction by producinganother arc—counter-clockwise—without completing intoa circle. On the right side is the other class of "p's".
CHAPTER IIICOMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGSSTANDARDS OF COMPARISON The standards for ourcomparison must be the handwritings of Rizal that bear the date asnear as possible to the date in question. The date under considerationis December 29, 1896. About this time there are, however,enough writings that we can take for our standards. There is thepoem posthumuously entitled "Ultimo Adios" written in black inkabout his last days although the composition of the poem may havebeen begun previously. Some say it was about the twelfth or thefourteenth of December of the same year. This is not exactlyknown. There is, nevertheless, no conjecture that fixes the dateearlier than the twelfth. However, we are interested in the"writing" and not in the "composing" of the poem. This poemis in the National Library. We are here reproducing this pricelesspoem in Figure VII. There is also a letter of Rizal entitled"To My Countrymen", dated December 15, 1896, at Fort Santiago,but the original of which cannot now be located. Probably itis or it has been in the archives of the Spanish Government.There is also another document, now in the National Library,bearing the date of December 12, 1896. This is the "Defensa",Figure VIII, written by Rizal, himself. On December 25, theday before he faced the Council of War that condemned himto death, he wrote a letter to D. Luis Taviel de Andrade, hisdefender. This writing is here reproduced in Figure XIII. Thereare also minor writings of Rizal on the morning of his death; oneto his wife, Josephine Bracken, in a book, "Imitacion de Cristo"(Figure IX), another, a farewell addressed to his mother (FigureX), another "Imitacion de Cristo" (Figure XI) bearing his signaturewas given to his sister, Josefa, and still another book, "Ancorade Salvacion", with his signature also, was given to his sister,Trinidad (Figure XII). The first two bear the full signatureof Dr. Jose Rizál, while the last two bear only the signature "Rizal".So also does the "Defensa" contain his signature, but more especiallyare this long defense, the "Ultimo Adios", and the letterto Andrade valuable as specimens of his extended writings aboutthe date in question.One or two words of criticism about these standards of handwritingsare in order. With respect to the "Ultimo Adios", thestory about which we are more or less familiar, the internal evi
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Page 5 and 6: COPYRIGHT, 1935BYRICARDO R. PASCUAL
Page 7 and 8: PREFACEIt has always been said that
Page 9 and 10: PREFACEIXin which we live. It would
Page 11 and 12: Proface— CONTENTS —Page...... v
Page 13 and 14: JOSE RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEA VINDIC
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION 3family the trouble of
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION 5claimed, for that is
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER IITHE DOCUMENTThe document,
Page 21: THE DOCUMENT 9stroke before breakin
Page 25 and 26: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 13on a "
Page 27 and 28: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 15on Dec
Page 29 and 30: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 17"Since
Page 31 and 32: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 19stroke
Page 33 and 34: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 21teenth
Page 35 and 36: COIVIPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 23not
Page 37 and 38: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 25but a
Page 39 and 40: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 27disput
Page 41 and 42: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 29in the
Page 43 and 44: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 31millio
Page 45 and 46: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 33This e
Page 47 and 48: COMPARISON OF HANDWRITINGS 35hands
Page 49: COMPARISON OF HANDWRTIINGS 37argue
Page 53 and 54: TEXTUAL CRITICISM 41"The text copie
Page 55 and 56: TEXTUAL CRITICISM 43the model or pa
Page 58: 46 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVE"In 1887 R
Page 61 and 62: TEXTUAL CRITICISM 49substituted phr
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER VBY WAY OF DISPROOFSThat we
Page 65 and 66: BY WAY OF DISPROOFS 53of the Martyr
Page 67 and 68: BY WAY OF DISPROOFS 55(of Dec. 29,
Page 69 and 70: BY WAY OF DISPROOFS 57the first day
Page 71 and 72: BY WAY OF DISPROOFS 59not appear to
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BY WAY OF DISPROOFS 61he also burie
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BY WAY OF DISPROOFS 63were looking
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CHAPTER VITHE QUESTION OF HISTORICI
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 67that
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 69the f
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 71Again
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 73tance
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 75as ev
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 77both
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THE QUESTION OF HISTORICITY 79Fig.
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CHAPTER VIITHE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT
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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT 83medy it. Con
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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT 85laguer, hims
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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT 87in the error
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F. XIX. The enlarged reproduction o
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90 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEto God. Hi
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92 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEAs to the
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94 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEideals com
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96 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEstantial e
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98 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEmatter of
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100 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVE"Paine wa
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Fig. XX. The juxtaposed arrangement
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104 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEhave occu
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106 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEthe kind
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108 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEclaimed t
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110 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEdissemina
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112 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEfrom many
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114 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEhad reall
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116 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEgrination
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Fig. XXI. The reproduction of the l
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120 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEthat he w
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122 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEwhy. Then
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124 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEour inabi
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126 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEthe depar
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128 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEbe condem
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130 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEminus the
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132 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEand signe
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134 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEin the ca
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136 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVE"The reco
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mul mummummegagmummummummummummgzum
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140 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEhas taken
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142 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEbut when
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144 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEactually
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146 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEaccount .
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148 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVE(could we
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150 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEhe a simp
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152 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVE"Look, Fa
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154 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEAgain let
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156 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEsoul feel
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158 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVE"Rizal, l
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160 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEchildren
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162 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEenemies t
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164 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEto prove
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166 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEif by Chr
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168 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEthe dawn
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170 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEthus inva
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172 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEphilosoph
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174 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEWhat does
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176 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVELet there
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178 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEthis poin
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180 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEConsidera
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Fig. XXIV. The la.st leiter of Dr.
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184 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEof rebell
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186 RIZAL BEYOND THE GRAVEEl Doctor
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