BBSR 2002 Annual Report - Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences

The Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc.2002 Annual ReportCELEBRATINGA CENTURYOFMARINE SCIENCE

BBSR’s mission is toconduct research and scienceeducation of the highest qualityfrom the special perspective ofa mid-ocean island, and to providewell-equipped facilities andresponsive staff support to visitingscientists, faculty and studentsfrom around the world.

2 4 68 10 12TABLE OF CONTENTSFrom the Helm: Celebrating a Century of Marine Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Bermuda’s Environment: Monitoring the Island’s Most Precious Resources . . . . . . . . . 4Global Climate Change: Advancing our Understanding of the Ocean’s Role . . . . . . . . 6Farming the Sea: Bringing Back Bermuda’s Scallops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8The Genomics Revolution: Expanding the Horizons of Molecular Marine Biology . . . . 10New Directions: Innovation in Research and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Honor Roll of Donors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Financial Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Research Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Education Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Public Lectures and Seminars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Board of Trustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39BBSR Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Editor and Designer: Alison Shadbolt ~ Contributing Writers: Nicholas Bates, Patrick Hagan, Samia Sarkis, Kent Simmons,Hank Trapido-Rosenthal ~ Photographers: Phil Broadhurst, Paul Lethaby, Alison Shadbolt ~ Additional Contributions: Jean Trapido-RosenthalOpposite page: BBSR’s R/V Weatherbird II cruises the Sargasso Sea with the rising sun

One hundred years of marine research and education.How an independent nonprofit institution could survivethat long, let alone thrive as the Bermuda Biological Stationfor Research (BBSR) has done, is a testament to the foresightand dedication of many individuals over the last century.The vision of BBSR’s founder and first director, ProfessorEdward Laurens Mark of Harvard University, and his colleaguesis still alive today. Bermuda remains an idealmid-ocean platform for the study of the open ocean, coralreefs and other marine environments. The reasons for BBSR’sfounding are as valid today as they were in 1903.The scientific advances resulting from BBSR’s researchprograms have been considerable, with Bermuda’s inshoreand open-ocean environments now among the most thoroughlystudied in the world. Much of the credit for theseadvances goes to my two predecessors, Drs. William Sutcliffeand Wolfgang Sterrer.In the 1950s, BBSR Director William Sutcliffe workedwith Henry Stommel of the Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution to establish Hydrostation “S,” a site for samplinglong-term data 15 nautical miles southeast of Bermuda.Hydrostation is now considered the world’s longest-runningyear-round time-series program of the open ocean. Theprogram helped establish BBSR’s reputation as an internationallyrenowned marine science institution and as a leadingsource for understanding the ocean’s role in global climatechange.Dr. Sutcliffe was succeeded in 1969 by my predecessor,Wolfgang Sterrer, who, over the following 16 years, developed2FROM THE HELMCelebrating a Century of Marine ScienceBBSR into an indispensable source of expertise aboutBermuda’s inshore coral reef and mangrove environments.While Bermuda is fortunate to have a relatively pristinemarine environment, which enhances the quality of life forBermudians and visitors alike, this remains a “delicatebalance,” to borrow the title of an important book written bySterrer and his colleagues at the time. Research by countlessBBSR scientists and students has provided important informationto help the Bermuda Government make moreinformed decisions and has heightened the awareness of thegeneral public, helping to ensure Bermuda’s unique underwaterbeauty is protected.Much of BBSR’s success is attributable to the vision of itsBoard of Trustees. One example of the board’s long-termvision serves as the launching point for this year’s AnnualReport. In November 1987, the board, led by then-PresidentDr. James Butler, organized a workshop to prepare a strategicplan for the institution. The workshop’s ambitious goal: tooutline a plan for research and education to be implementedin the 15 years leading up to BBSR’s 100 th birthday celebrationsin 2003.“BBSR has several characteristics that make it an excellent,if not unique, locality for the performance of research inthe marine environment,” wrote Dr. Butler in a summary ofthe workshop proceedings. The workshop focused on fourareas in which the board believed BBSR, because of its idealmid-ocean location, showed particular promise for researchand education. Thanks to the commitment of both board andstaff, BBSR has exceeded all of those expectations.

This report outlines BBSR’s advances in each of the fourareas, with contributions by three current BBSR facultymembers, Drs. Nick Bates, Samia Sarkis and Kent Simmons,who were just starting their BBSR careers at the time of the1987 workshop.Thanks to Kent Simmons, Robbie Smith and their colleagues,BBSR has continued the tradition of importantresearch on Bermuda’s environmental quality, the first of thefour workshop topics. Nick Bates has become a leader in thearea of global geosciences research, building on the long traditiondating back to the start of Hydrostation “S” in 1954.Samia Sarkis describes a remarkable environmental successstory, her effort to bring back Bermuda’s endangered scallopsthrough aquaculture, a third focus of that 1987 workshop.The fourth workshop topic – biotechnology – was justappearing at the edge of the BBSR radar screen in the 1980s, astechnical capabilities in this fieldwere beginning a period of rapidadvancement. Thanks especially tothe leadership of trustee RaymondMoore, BBSR has realized that 1987vision by developing a program, ledby Dr. Hank Trapido-Rosenthal, inmolecular marine biology and, now,in ocean genomics. BBSR’s 100 th yearwas particularly fruitful in thisregard, with development of the first“marine genome bank” to catalog thevast genetic diversity of organisms inthe seawater off Bermuda.In 2002, a public lecture at BBSRby Dr. Craig Venter, known for his leading role in mapping thehuman genome, underscored the important part that BBSRhas to play in ocean genomics. The benefits to society of thisresearch could be immeasurable, ranging from a far betterunderstanding of the ocean’s role in climate to the developmentof pharmaceutical products from marine organisms. Iam delighted that during the past year Dr. Venter has joinedBBSR as both a board member and a research partner.Just as biotechnology was only beginning to be seen as aresearch opportunity for BBSR in 1987, other new opportunitieshave arisen in the ensuing 15 years. A fifth article in thisreport outlines BBSR’s success in developing some of its othernew programs during that period. One, the Risk PredictionInitiative, has proved to be a rewarding partnership with thereinsurance and insurance industry and has developed into avaluable resource for making climate science relevant andusable by industry and society. Another, BBSR’s involvementin the JASON Project, celebrates its 10 th year in Bermuda inBermuda remains an idealmid-ocean platform for the study ofthe open ocean, coral reefs and othermarine environments. The reasonsfor BBSR’s founding are as validtoday as they were in 1903.2003. Thanks to support from Cable & Wireless, this educationalprogram has helped introduce more than 3,000Bermudian schoolchildren each year to the world of science.New semester-long programs for undergraduates at DukeUniversity, the University of Rhode Island and other institutionshave also strengthened the educational component ofBBSR’s mission.BBSR remains a dynamic institution as it heads into itssecond century, and 2002 was indeed a year of change andplanning for the organization. In April, Chris Roosevelt andRosamond Butler retired as president and secretary, respectively,of the BBSR Corporation. They helped guide BBSRthrough many of the changes described in this report. Theywere succeeded by Michael Naess and Gillian Hollis.BBSR’s 100 th year was one of great progress and excitementfor the prospects for BBSR’s second century, temperedby the loss of several individualswho played leading roles in its first100 years, including WilliamSutcliffe, Jill Cadwallader, EarlstonDoe, Stephen Jay Gould and NancyRiker.In 2003, the BBSR communityalso mourns the death of MichaelNaess. During his five years ofservice as a board member and hisbrief tenure as board chair, Michaelwas a passionate advocate forBBSR’s mission and an equally passionateadvocate for ensuring thatBBSR scientists and students havethe resources to carry it out.This report of BBSR’s 100 th year as an independent institutionfor marine research and education is dedicated toMichael.Thank you to everyone who has been part of the BBSRcommunity during its first century: scientists, students, staff,and the many individuals, corporations, private foundationsand government agencies supporting their work. BBSR’ssecond century has already begun, and I look forward toworking with you to realize fully the vision of E.L. Mark andhis successors.Anthony H. Knap, Ph.D., DirectorMarch 5, 2003Left: The Culver, an 80-foot ketch purchased in 1938 as a research vessel, is docked at BBSR in this late-1930s photoUpper right: BBSR’s current research ship, the 115-foot Weatherbird II, spends an average of 150 days a year at sea, has a range of3,400 nautical miles, and can accommodate 19 scientists and crew members for cruises of up to two weeksLower right: Director Anthony Knap (right) in April 2002 with BBSR’s newly elected officers. From left to right: Vice Chairman RobertCawthorn, Treasurer Richard Butterfield, Secretary Gillian Hollis, Chairman Michael Naess, Vice Chairman Ian Strecker and DirectorAnthony Knap. Not pictured: Vice Chairman Walwyn Hughes3

Since the first group of visiting scientists and studentsarrived at Flatts Inlet in 1903, BBSR has been exploringthe natural environment of Bermuda. It has provided a wealthof information to help ensure that this mid-Atlantic jewel isprotected.While BBSR is well known for its global contributions,for example to global climate change and acid precipitationstudies, it has also made important contributions to Bermudaitself through its role in addressing local environmentalquality issues.When the board and staff met in 1987 to discuss researchand educational goals leading up to BBSR’s centennial year in2003, BBSR had already provided decades of research onBermuda’s inshore environment. By then, it was arguablyamong the most thoroughly studied island environments inthe world, but there was (and is) much more to learn aboutBermuda’s air and water quality, and the critical marinehabitats that surround the island.The program that marked the beginning of BBSR’s comprehensiveresearch on Bermuda’s environment was theBermuda Inshore Waters Investigation (BIWI) in the 1970s,which was followed by the formation of the Marine andAtmospheric Program. It was at this time that the BermudaGovernment began regularly funding scientific work at BBSR.4BERMUDA’S ENVIRONMENTMonitoring the Island’s Most Precious ResourcesDr. Kent Simmons explains the importance of protecting Bermuda’spristine natural environments.The BIWI project encompassed almost every aspect of themarine sciences and increased our overall understanding ofthe Bermuda islands. The BIWI team was responsible for thepublication of a three-volume study, The Bermuda MarineEnvironment. These volumes were a compilation of all thelocal marine knowledge generated over the previous decades.They were augmented with chemical, biological, geologicaland physical databases generated by BIWI and present what isnow the foundation of all Bermuda environmental qualitystudies. By the mid-1980s, the rich biodiversity of Bermuda’swaters had been catalogued in an equally important volumeedited by former BBSR Director Dr. Wolfgang Sterrer, TheMarine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda, which included contributionsby many BBSR scientists and students.Bermuda in the 1980s was in the process of dealing withsome significant local environmental concerns. With the needto better manage the island’s domestic waste and the plannedconstruction of the Tynes Bay Waste Treatment Facility, theBermuda Government recognized the potential environmentalthreats posed by future developments of this type. Thegovernment began to expand its programs to include additionalaspects of the near-shore marine environment and alsoto address a variety of atmospheric and terrestrial issues. Inaddition, fish stocks had declined dramatically during the

previous two decades. Research conducted by scientists atBBSR, the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, and theBermuda Aquarium was influential in the government’sdecision to ban the use of commercial fish pots in 1990.To address these concerns, BBSR’s Bermuda researchprograms hired a number of new scientists, like BermudiansDr. Robbie Smith and myself. The 1987 workshop participantsreaffirmed the importance of this research. Both Dr.Smith and I came up through the ranks as students in BBSR’seducational programs, including the Bermuda Programme,which has now provided summer internships to Bermudianundergraduate students for more than two decades. In thisprogram, I worked under the supervision of BBSR scientistsTony Knap and Tim Jickells and was motivated to pursue acareer in marine science.After receiving my doctorate in 1987 from the Universityof New Hampshire for my dissertation research on Bermuda’sgroundwater, I returned to BBSR as afull-time scientist. I have beenworking for many years on atmosphericand terrestrial problems andstudying the impacts of the TynesBay Incinerator ash and smoke stackemissions. Incinerator ash is the byproductof waste combustion, inwhich domestic waste is reduced bysome 90 percent of its initial volume.The ash is thought to contain heavymetals and organic contaminantsthat, if disposed of incorrectly, pose asignificant threat to the local environment.Likewise, the smoke stackemissions contain acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide andnitrogen oxides, particulates, metals and organics that potentiallyimpact rooftops and drinking water, soils andvegetation. Environmental monitoring has been a criticalaspect of this program to help ensure that the ash is disposedof properly and that stack emissions are controlled.Also developing in conjunction with the waste treatmentfacility was Robbie Smith’s Benthic Ecology Research Program(BERP). After receiving his doctorate in 1991 from theUniversity of Georgia, Dr. Smith also returned to BBSR,focusing much of his attention on problems linked to thedisposal of incinerator ash in the near-shore waters. Manyorganisms bioaccumulate contaminants within their tissues;as these contaminants are magnified up through the foodchain, they can reach potentially toxic levels. The BERP teamcurrently monitors the health of Bermuda’s coral reefs,seagrass beds and mangroves, provides information relevantto the management of marine resources, and examinesThe quality of Bermuda’s air andwater and the diversity of thespecies found in its waters are thefoundation for the quality of lifeenjoyed by both residents andvisitors to the island.potential environmental impacts while contributing to ouroverall understanding of ecological processes. Dr. Smith’steam now includes scientists Dr. Shane Paterson and GrahamWebster, and two additional former Bermuda Programmeinterns, Dr. Joanna Pitt and Ph.D. candidate ThaddeusMurdoch. With support from the Bermuda Government, ThePew Charitable Trusts, the Curtis and Edith MunsonFoundation, and the U.S. National Fish and WildlifeFoundation, this team is conducting extensive research on theeffectiveness of Bermuda’s marine protected areas as a modelfor other nations to protect their coral reef fisheries.While many of the Bermuda environmental qualitystudies can be linked back to the development of the TynesBay Waste Treatment Facility, other programs have foundtheir origin elsewhere. BBSR’s Analysis of Marine Pollutionsummer course, offered since the 1970s, identified in the mid-1990s the antifouling paint compounds tributyl tin (TBT) andIrgarol 1051 in several of Bermuda’senclosed harbors. TBT is knownworldwide for its toxic effects onmarine organisms, and effectiveJanuary 1, 2003, the InternationalMaritime Organization banned itsuse in many countries, includingBermuda.Dr. Richard Owen’s ecotoxicologygroup at BBSR, working withcolleagues from the UnitedKingdom, has demonstrated thatIrgarol 1051, the compoundexpected to replace TBT as theadditive of choice for antifoulingpaints, has a devastating impact on coral photosynthesis atlow levels, similar to levels already measured in the marineenvironment. An important publication in 2002 by Dr. Owen,with Dr. Tony Knap, Kelly Carberry and Lucy Buxton, documentedthis global threat to coral reef environments. SimilarBBSR studies have focused on the determination of pesticidesin Bermuda’s groundwater, and scientists are working toformulate an early warning diagnostic assay of pollutantexposure and impact for marine organisms.The quality of Bermuda’s air and water and the diversityof the species found in its waters are the foundation for thequality of life enjoyed by both residents and visitors to theisland. Since the 1987 long-range planning workshop,research and education programs at BBSR have contributedgreatly to local understanding of the environment, and, Ibelieve, have helped ensure its protection. My colleagues and Ilook forward to continuing to monitor these importantresources in BBSR’s second century.Left: Dr. Thomas Sleeter investigates oil pollution as a graduate student at BBSR in the 1970s. A young student looks on.Upper right: A BBSR summer course student monitors the health of a coral reef in Bermuda’s inshore watersLower right: Associate Research Scientist Dr. Kent Simmons uses an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to analyze Bermuda air andsoil samples for traces of heavy metals5

In November 1987, BBSR scientists and trustees met tomap out future global geosciences research at BBSR. Theimportance of BBSR’s unique geographic location, with itseasy access to the surrounding deep ocean that is representativeof a large portion of the planet, was increasingly evident.In the 1980s, scientists were becoming more and moreaware of the importance of ocean circulation and the cyclingof elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen as regulatorsof Earth’s climate. At the same time, concerns were growingabout the potential for significant global warming fromincreased levels of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphereby the burning of fossil fuels. In response, two majorinternational oceanographic research programs were initiatedto study the relationship between the ocean, carbon dioxideand climate: the World Ocean Circulation Experiment(WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS).BBSR was poised to contribute to these studies. By 1987,the long-term oceanographic time series Hydrostation “S” hadcollected 43 consecutive years of information about the structureand variability of ocean temperature and salinity offBermuda. This data set, and Bermuda’s mid-ocean location,made Bermuda the prime choice as the site of an expandedoceanographic time series studying ocean physics, chemistryand biology.6GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEAdvancing our Understanding of the Ocean’s RoleDr. Nicholas Bates investigates the links between carbon dioxide, the oceanand the world’s changing climate.In October 1988, BBSR’s Dr. Tony Knap and RodneyJohnson conducted the first research cruise aboard the R/VWeatherbird I to begin this comprehensive program, theBermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). This programhas not only changed and greatly expanded BBSR; it has, evenmore significantly, made a substantial contribution globally tochanging scientific views about how the ocean and climatesystem operates.Several scientists recruited to Bermuda to participate inBATS and related programs, including Drs. Craig Carlson,Dennis Hansell, Tony Michaels, Norm Nelson and DebbieSteinberg, have since moved on to research positions atleading U.S. institutions, but retain an active interest in BBSR.New BBSR scientists like Drs. Michael Lomas and PeterSedwick have been recruited to build on the research baseconstructed at BBSR over the past 15 years. Numerous scientistsfrom institutions worldwide play important roles in theBATS program.Continuing concern about climate change has beenaccompanied by growing scientific awareness of the complexityof the Earth’s climate. The last decade has been judged thewarmest in recorded history, and there is increasing evidencethat temperatures will continue to rise for the foreseeablefuture. Temperature data collected at Hydrostation “S” and

BATS have documented a rise in ocean temperatures inresponse to changes in the atmosphere. These data haveprovided a new understanding about global ocean circulation,seasonal and year-to-year ocean variability, and the complexinteractions between the ocean and climate. Studies at BBSRsupported by grants from the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundationand the Exxon Mobil Corporation have supplemented theresearch of these larger programs.New technologies developed since the 1980s have contributedto this understanding. BBSR scientists have aidedtheir development by deploying and recovering new technologiesin the ocean during their test phases. Satellite launchesand advances in computing power have enabled researchers torealistically simulate ocean and atmospheric circulation, andsmall-scale features such as ocean currents and eddies. Onesuch eddy of warm water had a significant effect on sea levelaround Bermuda for several weeks in2002.Ocean carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) data iscollected by BBSR scientists to understandhow the ocean absorbs CO 2 fromthe atmosphere and to predict how theocean might control atmospheric CO 2levels in the future. My research team atBBSR has collected the world’s longestdata set of oceanic CO 2 at the BATS site,providing an important record of therate of increase in oceanic CO 2 and themechanisms that control the uptake ofCO 2 by the ocean. Norm Nelson and Iuse satellite imagery and BATS data tostudy the effect of hurricanes on oceanphysics and the exchange of CO 2 between atmosphere andocean.In the past decade, awareness of the importance ofphenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to globalweather and climate has grown. Another climate phenomenon,the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), causes variabilityin weather and climate over the Arctic and Europe, in particular.Oceanic CO 2 data collected at BATS and by WOCE hasrevealed that changes in El Niño and NAO causes largevariability in the global ocean uptake of CO 2 . This becomesimportant in the context that during the last couple ofdecades, there has been a shift to an increased frequency of ElNiño events and a shift to a dominant NAO climate state.On societally relevant timescales (e.g., decades to centuries),oceanic biological processes sequester large quantitiesof atmospheric carbon, modulating the concentrations of CO 2in the lower atmosphere. Prior to the beginning of BATS in1988, the gravitational flux of particulate organic carbon fromContinuing concern aboutclimate change has beenaccompanied by growingscientific awareness of thecomplexity of the Earth’sclimate.the sunlit upper ocean to the deep ocean, the “biologicalpump,” was thought to dominate biological storage of CO 2 .But BBSR scientists have shown that other mechanisms areimportant and significant to the biological pump of carbon tothe ocean interior. For example, research in Bermuda by BBSRalumni Craig Carlson and Dennis Hansell has shown that thetransfer of dissolved organic carbon to the ocean interior is animportant component of the ocean carbon cycle. Research atBBSR by Debbie Steinberg has also shown that zooplanktonthat migrate every night through the water column alsotransfer carbon to the deep ocean. Michael Lomas is nowstudying the variability of the phytoplankton community atBATS in relation to variability of climate phenomena such asNAO.Historically, biologists and geochemists have been atodds about whether nitrogen or phosphorus limits primaryproduction in the ocean. From researchoff Bermuda, it has now emerged thatatmospheric nitrogen, fixed by oceanphytoplankton, and dissolved iron areimportant for controlling primary productionand the transfer of CO 2 fromthe surface ocean to the deep. Studies atBBSR in the 1980s and 1990s by JimGalloway, Tim Jickells, Tony Knap, FredLipschultz and Tony Michaels, amongothers, focused attention on the importanceof atmospheric nitrogen fixation,prompting new research efforts on whatcontrols oceanic primary productivity.The importance of dissolved iron as anutrient element for phytoplankton isnow being investigated at BBSR by Peter Sedwick.Understanding how CO 2 is transferred from the ocean’ssurface to its interior remains an important scientificquestion, particularly if there are future changes in oceanstructure and circulation. BATS research will continue, providingnew opportunities to decipher complex interactionsbetween ocean biology and physics. New internationalprograms are emerging to investigate the transfer of greenhouseand non-greenhouse gases between the ocean andatmosphere. BBSR is poised to play a major role in theseprograms.The advances in global geosciences research at BBSRsince the 1987 long-range planning workshop are amongBBSR’s most important contributions in its first century andhave greatly enhanced our understanding of the ocean’s rolein climate. As in 1987, BBSR hopes that its existing role inglobal research will be the guide for participation in thesefuture oceanography and climate research programs.Left: Drs. David Menzel (left) and William Sutcliffe collect samples during a Hydrostation “S” cruise in the late 1950sUpper right: Crew members check the winches on the upper deck of the R/V Weatherbird II as it cruises to the Bermuda AtlanticTime-series Study (BATS) site 50 nautical miles southeast of Bermuda in the Sargasso SeaLower right: Senior Research Scientist Dr. Nicholas Bates measures the alkalinity of a seawater sample collected at the BATS site7

The idea of mariculture, or the farming of marine organisms,has been of great interest to scientists at BBSRover the last two decades. Interest has been sparked mainly bythe observed declines of several of Bermuda’s inshore populationsof shellfish, particularly in Harrington Sound in the late1970s, and of local finfish stocks. In each case, the declines ledto environmental legislation in Bermuda, with species such asscallops and clams now protected, and a ban on commercialfish pots enacted in 1990.To meet the challenge of replenishing stocks of these protectedlocal species, mariculture was considered by the BBSRtrustees and staff as one of four major areas of focus in its1987 long-range planning workshop. Participants consideredopportunities for resource enhancement for commerciallyexploited species, and, possibly, commercial development of amariculture program.Although the idea was appealing and of valuable ecologicalimportance, the scientific information and resources forsuch a project were lacking. The biological resources – anadequate number of animals to study – were not easily availablein Bermuda. Nor were the existing facilities at BBSRconducive to the delicate experimental work involved inrearing marine larvae.8FARMING THE SEABringing Back Bermuda’s ScallopsDr. Samia Sarkis describes her efforts since the 1980s to bring a protected speciesin Bermuda back from the brink of extinction.In 1987, I was a graduate student at BBSR eager toovercome these obstacles for my doctoral dissertationresearch. My first goal was to obtain sufficient animals tostudy. The scallop, an old-time Harrington Sound favorite forrecreational fishermen, was selected as the candidate ofchoice. SCUBA surveys, conducted jointly with volunteers andstaff from the Bermuda Aquarium and the Division ofFisheries, lasted for a period of eight months and gaveappalling results: Only two scallops were found at two differentsites!It was soon evident that alternative methods wererequired to begin this ambitious mariculture program. Overthe next five years, the program continued at BBSR as agraduate research project, funded by several Bermuda-basedcompanies and focusing on the growing of sporadically collectedBermuda scallop juveniles. These efforts led to anassessment of the growth and reproduction of the scallops inBermuda’s inshore waters and, more importantly, led to thedevelopment of a brood-stock necessary for the controlledrearing of larvae and post-larvae.As local interest in the program continued, generatingadditional funds, further work was conducted over a two-yearperiod, allowing the development of techniques for Bermuda

scallop larval rearing. Since the species found in Bermuda hadnot been cultured on a large scale elsewhere in the world,existing techniques for other scallop species were studied,modified and refined in the design of a successful protocol forBBSR’s mariculture project.As culture techniques were being developed, the facilitiesavailable at BBSR proved inadequate for controlled productionand consistent experimental results. The next stage was,therefore, the design and installation of a facility specificallyfor mariculture studies. In 1999, the Bank of BermudaFoundation came forth with a substantial three-year grant,which generated additional matching funds from severaldonors. In 2002, the Bank of Bermuda Foundation renewedits support of the project, along with funding from Mr. andMrs. Brian R. Hall, the Christian Humann Foundation andUnited Insurance Company Limited.These funds enabled the establishment of a mariculturelaboratory, where reproductive studies and larval and postlarvalrearing experiments could beconducted. The facility proved to be astepping stone in the expansion ofBBSR’s mariculture program, providingspace for student training andhands-on workshops, and becoming amodel for resource- and space-limitedareas, such as many islands in theCaribbean.The current facility, housed incontainers on the BBSR property,occupies approximately 1,800 squarefeet and has the capacity to produce250,000 5-millimeter “spat,” or juvenile scallops, in a sixmonthperiod. The demonstration of scallop-rearing techniquesto students is most effective in this functionalpilot-scale mariculture facility, where culture for all stages ofthe life cycle may be observed. Canadian trainees have spentseveral weeks at the facility for industrial placements, andundergraduates from Europe and North America have spentseveral months learning the techniques under the supervisionof BBSR scientists.The mariculture project is providing additional scientificbenefits to BBSR’s research program on the connectionsbetween ocean health and human health. For example, we arecollaborating with Dr. Richard Owen of BBSR’s ecotoxicologylaboratory to develop rapid assays for shellfish, a little likeblood cholesterol tests, that show whether these organismsare being exposed to toxic insecticides.The compactness of BBSR’s relatively inexpensive mariculturefacility has proved very attractive to organizationsSCUBA surveys lasted for aperiod of eight months and gaveappalling results: Only twoscallops were found at twodifferent sites!interested in developing mariculture programs in their owncountries. This interest has led to a proposal for the transferand implementation of scallop culture technology in Cuba,initiated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations. The program is scheduled to be carried out in2004/2005.On a smaller scale, other islands have shown interest inapplying mariculture technology to their own sites. Forexample, the Trade Wind Conch Farm in the Turks and CaicosIslands has received to date two shipments of juvenile scallopsfrom BBSR for grow-out trials in their bays.Perhaps most significantly, there has been considerablelocal interest in mariculture. A Bermudian fisherman was thefirst to purchase juvenile scallops from the BBSR facility and,following a short training session, is currently growing themto market size for future sales to local restaurants. This type of“extension” program was one of the first goals of the maricultureproject, where technology developed at BBSR would betransferred to the private sector inview of commercial development.The application of scientificallyderived studies to the more practicalbusiness world is the most difficultaspect of this project, but it is also thefinal step in providing continuity in amariculture operation. For thisreason, the year 2003 will be dedicatedto the economic assessment ofBBSR’s mariculture program.Locally, the success of theprogram can be evaluated by the productionlevel of the mariculture hatchery in 2001 and 2002,averaging 80,000 scallops for each year. This production hasbeen used for experimental work in optimizing techniques,for a passive stock-enhancement program of natural populations,and finally for the re-introduction of Bermuda scallopsto local restaurant menus. BBSR’s scallops are now sold on aregular basis to several restaurants, providing an indication ofdemand and appreciation of this farmed seafood product.Hence, 15 years after the discussions of the BBSR longrangeplanning workshop, mariculture studies at BBSR haveshown great potential in the use of culture techniques forstock enhancement purposes, and thus the preservation ofbiodiversity in Bermuda’s marine fauna. They have alsoshown potential in the supply of a reliable seafood product ona resource-limited island. Furthermore, this program hasdemonstrated that sustainable environmentally friendlymariculture activities can be conducted in Bermuda, and canbe used as a model in similar regions worldwide.Left: BBSR scientists investigate Bermuda’s marine biodiversity at the south shore boiler reefs in 1933Upper right: The Bermuda scallop, or Pecten ziczac, was included in Bermuda’s Protected Species Act in 1978 after overfishingdevastated the populationLower right: Dr. Samia Sarkis, head of BBSR’s mariculture project, prepares to place Japanese pearl nets full of juvenile Bermuda scallopsinto the ocean to mature9

When the first BBSR expedition group arrived inBermuda in June 1903, it was during a time of greattechnological and scientific progress. For example, the firstWright Brothers flight happened later that year, and AlbertEinstein published his theory of relativity soon after in 1905.Similarly, participants in the biotechnology group ofBBSR’s 1987 long-range planning workshop met at a time ofscientific and technological advances. Stating as a goal the“use of biotechnology to solve oceanographic problems,”workshop participants envisioned a wide array of benefitsfrom establishing a Department of Molecular Marine Biologyat BBSR.In the ensuing 15 years, this field of research has developedat BBSR well beyond the expectations of the scientistsand trustees in the planning workshop. Today, new techniquesin genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, whichtogether have the potential to describe an organism’scomplete genetic and metabolic makeup, are helping toaddress some pressing issues for society: What role do certainmarine organisms have in the regulation of global climate? Dothey contain metabolic properties that could be developedinto cleaner, more energy-efficient industrial processes? Dothey possess properties that could lead to the development oflife-saving pharmaceutical products?10THE GENOMICS REVOLUTIONExpanding the Horizons of Molecular Marine BiologyDr. Hank Trapido-Rosenthal explains how leaps in biotechnology have enabledBBSR scientists to explore new marine frontiers.The BBSR molecular biology program got underway as afull-time endeavor with my arrival in Bermuda in 1993. Theprogram began to address new questions, which, in turn,enabled BBSR to diversify its funding. In addition to grantsupport from the National Science Foundation (NSF), itsecured the first funding to BBSR from the National Institutesof Health, for research on the sense of smell in Bermuda’sspiny lobsters. Thanks to the catalytic activities of BBSRTrustee Ray Moore, a research collaboration with the Germanpharmaceutical company Boehringer-Mannheim was developed.Upon the acquisition of Boehringer-Mannheim by theSwiss entity Roche, the collaboration was concluded bymutual consent.BBSR’s record of working with industrial partners quicklyenabled it to enter into a new partnership with the cuttingedgebiotechnology firm Diversa. The change of industrialpartner exemplifies the rapid progress of technological changein the biological sciences. BBSR’s work with Boehringer-Mannheim involved the collection of kilograms of a chosenorganism, followed by direct extraction of potentially interestingbioactive molecules. The strategy with Diversa has beenmuch “greener.” Now, only grams of material need to be harvested.From this small amount of material, DNA is extractedand cloned into domesticated strains of laboratory bacteria.

The resulting libraries of bacterial clones are then screened tofind the individual clones containing the genes that code forthe construction of the desired bioactive molecules, whichmay have important pharmaceutical or other applications.The molecular biology program has established closesynergistic relationships with other BBSR programs as well.The Oceanic Microbial Observatory, developed at BBSR byDrs. Stephen Giovannoni of Oregon State University andCraig Carlson, now at the University of California, SantaBarbara, applies the tools of molecular biology to the study ofmicrobial populations in the Sargasso Sea. The microbialobservatory has taken advantage of, and contributed to, themolecular biology instrumentation infrastructure at BBSR.For example, in 1997 BBSR acquired a state-of-the-art videomicroscope, which allows technicians to catalogue in secondsbacteria or other marine organisms that used to take weeks ormonths to study.Similarly, I am working closely with BBSR’s marine ecotoxicologyprogram, run by Dr. Richard Owen, to use the tools ofgenomics, proteomics and metabolomicsto develop diagnostic testsdesigned to monitor the health of keycomponents of coral reef ecosystems.The molecular biology programwas a key factor in the establishmentof BBSR’s International Center forOcean and Human Health in 1998.This research center is considered tobe one of the first to address oceanhealth/human health connections onan international scale.In addition, BBSR’s new molecularbiology capabilities have brought anew educational dimension to theinstitution over the past decade. Twosummer courses were developed that took advantage of thesecapabilities: Molecular Ecology and Physiology of MarineSymbioses, and Chemosensory Neurobiology in the MarineEnvironment. These continue to be popular offerings inBBSR’s summer sessions. The opportunities to apply the techniquesof molecular biology to questions concerning themarine environment drew an increasing number of applicantsto the annual NSF-funded Research Experience forUndergraduates semester at BBSR. A considerable number ofthese alumni have gone on to their graduate and professionalcareers with a molecular approach to marine biology thatbegan at BBSR.Seminar courses on the application of molecular tools tomarine questions were also added to the curricula of BBSR’sDuke University and University of Rhode Island-RogerWilliams undergraduate spring and fall semester programs.The new Marine Genome Bankdata set may become as significantover time to the world of scienceas BBSR’s Hydrostation “S”time-series measurements,begun in 1954.At the graduate level, a long line of talented and motivatedstudents have conducted master’s and doctoral research inBBSR’s molecular biology laboratories. These students haveapplied molecular techniques to a number of topics, rangingfrom mangrove ecosystems to molecular taxonomy to themolecular physiology of symbiotic relationships that are thefoundation of Bermuda’s coral reef ecosystems. Their worknow comprises a significant contribution to professionalmarine biology literature, and the students themselves havegone on to research, teaching and policy-making careers.From both a research and an educational perspective,2002 was clearly the most fruitful year to date for BBSR’smolecular biology program. The skills and resources of theprogram were combined with those of the Oceanic MicrobialObservatory to develop BBSR’s Marine Genome Bank.Libraries of environmental DNA, taken from blue-water environmentssuch as the Sargasso Sea and inshore environmentssuch as Harrington Sound and various coral reef settings, arebeing built and stored at BBSR. This bank of environmentalgenomic material will be available forthe research endeavors of bothresident and visiting, and academicand industrial, scientists seeking abetter understanding of how biologyworks in marine ecosystems and howthis biology can be harnessed for thebenefit of society.Arguably, this new data set,begun in 2002 from Bermuda’s idealmid-ocean location, may become assignificant over time to the world ofscience as BBSR’s Hydrostation “S”time-series measurements, begun in1954.Another exciting development atBBSR during 2002 was the addition of genomics pioneer Dr.Craig Venter to the Board of Trustees. His standing-room-onlypublic lecture in BBSR’s Hanson Hall in May 2002 broughtincreased attention to the unique opportunities thatBermuda’s location and BBSR’s genomics program provide tothe world of science. By year-end, BBSR had begun a researchcollaboration with Venter, Nobel Laureate Hamilton Smithand their colleagues, which we believe will bear fruit in yearsto come.In the short period of time that it has been in existence,the molecular biology program at BBSR has participated inone of the most profound technological revolutions inmodern science. It’s safe to say that the vision of that 1987planning workshop has more than been fulfilled. At the sametime, the opportunities presented by the current period ofrapid technological and scientific advances are even greater.Left: A diver collects samples from Bermuda’s coral reefs during the 1960sUpper right: Now only small amounts of material from marine sponges are needed for DNA cloning in the molecular biology laboratoryLower right: Associate Research Scientist Dr. Hank Trapido-Rosenthal loads BBSR’s new ABI 310 robotic DNA sequencer11

Investment in new facilities in the late 1980s led to neweducational opportunities for BBSR. In the 1993-1994academic year, BBSR became part of the international JASONProject. Thanks to the sponsorship and technical expertiseprovided by Cable & Wireless Bermuda Limited, BBSRbecame one of about 30 Primary Interactive Network (PIN)sites for the project, and the first physically located outsidethe United States. Bermudian students were able to participatein live interactive broadcasts by “telepresence” in BBSR’snew 200-seat auditorium, Hanson Hall, built in 1990. In 1998,the world came to Bermuda, which hosted that year’s expeditionalong with Monterey Bay, California.The statistics only begin to tell the story of JASON atBBSR over the past decade. More than 3,000 Bermudianstudents per year have participated in these broadcasts since1993; in total, 31,097 students, including many repeat visitorswhose involvement has sparked a growing interest in science.12NEW DIRECTIONSInnovation in Research and EducationWhen the trustees and staff met in 1987 to consider the long-range directions for research andeducation at BBSR, they had a strong base of more than eight decades of successful programs on which tobuild. But they also recognized that there would be unforeseen challenges as science uncovered additionalquestions about the natural world, and that there would be new opportunities to meet those challenges asnew resources and technologies became available.In the decade leading up to its 100 th year, BBSR capitalized on those new resources and technologiesto develop and implement innovative research and education programs. Three of these programs arehighlighted here.The JASON Project: A Decade of Exploration for Bermudian SchoolchildrenSince 1996, 277 local teachers have received professionaldevelopment through the JASON Project. Each year, anaverage of 120 teachers receive copies of the annual JASONpaper curriculum and video. This includes one copy for everyschool principal in Bermuda. Each year, an average of 31 outof 33 schools send classes to BBSR to participate in the JASONbroadcasts.In addition, with support from Cable & Wireless, nineBermudian “Argonauts” and one teacher Argonaut have beensent to expedition sites around the globe to participate inJASON broadcasts.2002 marked the 10 th JASON Project broadcast inBermuda, with students exploring the range of environmentsin Alaska. The JASON team focused on the plants and animalsthat survive in these frigid environments, from the largestmarine mammals to the smallest microbes, as well as the richcultural history of the area.

The Risk Prediction Initiative: A Science-Business PartnershipIn 1994 another innovative program was conceived atBBSR, the Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI), which has sincebecome a model for interactions between the worlds ofscience and business. Sponsored by several reinsurance andinsurance companies in Bermuda and the United States, RPI’sgoal is to create an available and useable body of knowledgeon hurricane risks and climate variability. The foundingsponsors of RPI recognized that the traditional actuarialapproach to hurricane risk, which assumes that future risk canbe predicted from past losses, could not account for naturalclimatic variability and human-influenced climate change.Estimates of future risk would be improved by accounting forpast and future variations in climate. Climate models nowprovide useful information and forecasts about how the futureclimate might differ from the average of the past, and thisinformation can be used to make better business decisions.Over the last nine years, RPI has implemented a series ofscience-business workshops related to natural hazards, suchas hurricanes and earthquakes, of interest to RPI sponsors.The workshops bring leading scientists to Bermuda andprovide a venue for valuable dialogue for both parties. Inaddition, RPI sponsors provide significant funding to thescientists at BBSR, led by Dr. Richard Murnane, and throughRPI to scientists from other institutions, such as theMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Louisiana StateUniversity, the University of Maryland and the NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration.In 2002, RPI continued to provide sponsors access torecent scientific breakthroughs through the science-businessworkshops, the support of scientific research, and the developmentof science-business tools such as a simple risk model.For example, RPI hosted its annual Research UpdateWorkshop, which featured reports on recent results fromscientists funded by RPI and a workshop on recent breakthroughsin scientific understanding of how a number ofatmospheric oscillations are related to climate variability andpredictability. A new RPI research group on European stormsand floods was formed in response to sponsor interest inbetter understanding the risk from extreme weather events inEurope. RPI staff also developed a simple hurricane riskmodel that predicts the probability of exceeding a specifiedamount of total insured losses from hurricanes striking land.Spring and Fall Semesters: A Center for Undergraduate Scientific EducationEducation has been an important part of BBSR’s missionsince E.L. Mark brought the first group of students toBBSR in 1903. In particular, support from ExxonMobil, theStarr and Stempel Foundations, and other donors has enabledBBSR’s summer course program to become a leading source ofhands-on training for students from around the world at thegraduate and undergraduate levels. For the past 27 years,BBSR’s annual Bermuda Programme internships, now fundedin part by the Nonsuch Island Scholarships, have providedBermudians with introductions to careers in marine science.Three new BBSR offerings at the undergraduate levelhave greatly enhanced the institution’s educational role. In1991, BBSR became one of 10 marine science institutions (andthe sole site outside the United States) in the National ScienceFoundation’s Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU)program. Like the Bermuda Programme, REU is designed toencourage (American) undergraduate students to considermarine and other sciences as careers. A highly competitiveprogram, REU enables eight students each year to conductindependent research under the supervision of BBSR scientists.In 2002, students in the program conducted research ontopics ranging from the small scale of molecular biology to thelarge scale of oceanic biogeochemistry.Under the leadership of Dr. Fred Lipschultz, a BBSRsenior scientist and the head of academic affairs, BBSR developedtwo additional undergraduate programs in the 1990sthat continue to thrive. In 1997, BBSR joined forces with DukeUniversity and its marine science consortium of more than 25colleges and universities to offer the Beaufort-to-Bermudaspring semester. Students spend half the semester at BBSRtaking courses from BBSR faculty members, then switch witha group of students taking complementary classes at Duke’smarine laboratory in Beaufort, North Carolina.A similar program in the fall, with students staying atBBSR for the full semester, was developed for students fromthe University of Rhode Island, Roger Williams University andother institutions. In 2002, 41 students participated in theseundergraduate semesters at BBSR.The new resources and technologies available to BBSR during the last decade have played an important role inhelping BBSR develop these innovative new research and education programs. With plans underway to build a newlaboratory building in 2003, BBSR expects both aspects of its mission to be enhanced, with new programs comingon-line in its second century.Left: The first group of scientists and students arrived at BBSR, then located in Flatts Village, on June 22, 1903Upper right: A yacht moored in St. George’s Harbour suffers the wrath of Hurricane Karen, which hit unexpectedly in October 2001Lower right: Bermuda Institute student Tonika Simons, with the help of BBSR volunteer Tanya Dugard, sends a video question to JASONProject scientists and student Argonauts as her classmates wait for the live broadcast of JASON XIV: From Shore to Sea13

HONOR ROLL OF DONORSTHE FIRST CENTURY SOCIETYBBSR’s history of achievement would not be possible without the support of the donors who are partof the BBSR community. The BBSR Board of Trustees has decided to honor those donors who haveplayed a leading role during BBSR’s first 100 years by establishing the First Century Society.This society recognizes the individuals, families, corporations and private foundations that have made a totalof $100,000 or more in charitable commitments over time to BBSR since its founding. Thank you to allthe donors who have made the first century of research and education at BBSR possible.Individuals/FamiliesAnonymous (3)Mr S Andrew BanksDr and Mrs G Hein BesselaarMr and Mrs Michael ButtMr and Mrs Richard D ButterfieldMr and Mrs Mark J ByrneMr and Mrs Robert E CawthornMrs Elfrida ChappellMichael and Elaine DaviesMr Michael DeGrooteMr and Mrs Brian DuperreaultMrs Traudl Engelhorn-VechiattoRichard and Helen FraserMs Diana H FrazierMr and Mrs John W GalbraithJames and Nancy GallowayStephen L Gardiner and Judith GardinerMr and Mrs Charles L KlineMr and Mrs Hugh P LowensteinMr and Mrs Raymond E MooreThe Erling D Naess FamilyBrian and Nancy O’HaraDr and Mrs Edward F MacNichol, JrMr and Mrs Ross PerotThe Roger Perry FamilyFred M and Deborah P Reiss and FamilyMrs Anne T RikerMr and Mrs Christopher du P Roosevelt14Mr and Mrs Thomas A Saunders IIIDr Arch C ScurlockThe Sir Stanley Spurling FamilyMr and Mrs James N StanardEd and Bobbie TrippeMr and Mrs George A WardmanMary and Redwood WrightCorporationsThe ACE FoundationAmerican International Group/IPC Reinsurance Company LtdAmerican Re-Insurance CompanyAon Risk CorporationBacardi International LimitedBank of Bermuda FoundationBank of NT Butterfield & Son LtdBPAmoco CorporationButterfield & SteinhoffCable & Wireless Bermuda LimitedCentre Solutions (Bermuda) LimitedChevronTexaco CorporationChubb Group of CompaniesEmployers Reinsurance CorporationExxon Mobil CorporationGeneral Atlantic Group LtdGeneral Reinsurance CorporationHewlett-Packard CompanyRenaissance Reinsurance LtdState Farm Fire and Casualty CompanySwiss Reinsurance CompanyTerra Nova Insurance Company LimitedThomas Miller (Bermuda) LtdTransworld Oil LimitedUnited Insurance Company LimitedUnited Services Automobile AssociationXL Foundation LtdPrivate FoundationsAnonymous (3)Canadian Associates of BBSCharles E Culpeper FoundationThe Dorr FoundationFidelity International FoundationHelen Clay Frick FoundationRichard and Rhoda Goldman FundThe Christian Humann FoundationW Alton Jones Foundation, IncKenridge FundThe Kresge FoundationThe Andrew W Mellon FoundationAmbrose Monell FoundationThe Curtis and Edith Munson FoundationThe Pew Charitable TrustsRockefeller FoundationThe Starr FoundationErnest E Stempel FoundationUK Associates of BBSRG Unger Vetlesen FoundationThe Zemurray Foundation

HONOR ROLL OF DONORSTHE ASSOCIATES PROGRAM 2002The following individuals made gifts to the New Horizon Campaign for operating supportand/or specific programs or projects during 2002.EL Mark SocietyMr S Andrew BanksDr and Mrs G Hein BesselaarMr and Mrs Jeremiah M BogertMr and Mrs Michael ButtMr and Mrs Richard D ButterfieldMr and Mrs Mark J ByrneMr and Mrs Robert E CawthornMr and Mrs Brian DuperreaultRichard and Helen FraserMs Diana H FrazierMr and Mrs Allan W GrayMr and Mrs Brian R HallMr and Mrs Charles L KlineMr and Mrs Hugh P LowensteinNigel JG Kermode and Fiona E LuckMr and Mrs Raymond E MooreMr and Mrs Michael R NaessMr P Fredrik NaessBrian and Nancy O’HaraMrs Susan A OuterbridgeMr and Mrs Ross PerotMr and Mrs Christopher du P RooseveltMr and Mrs James N StanardMr and Mrs Ian StreckerEd & Bobbie TrippeBeebe SocietyAnonymous (2)Mr and Mrs H Boyce BuddMrs Lorinda P de RouletMr and Mrs John W GalbraithJames and Nancy GallowayMr Peter GreenMs Janecke C MadsenMr and Mrs George B MooreMr and Mrs Franklin W NutterMr and Mrs Thomas A Saunders, IIIMr and Mrs Henry SmithMr and Mrs Richard D SpurlingDr FW Sunderman, SrMrs M Lorraine WadsonMr and Mrs George A WardmanIselin SocietyMr David N BarenborgMr and Mrs W Neville ConyersLCDR Donald S DelikatJoy Chambers-Grundy and Reg Grundy,OBESteve and Esther HartMr and Mrs John Ely RiegelBBSR FellowsMr Michael G AtiehMr and Mrs Edward K BixbyEstate of Maxwell and Nina BruceDr and Mrs James Burnett-HerkesDr and Mrs John C BurvilleMr and Mrs Dudley G ButterfieldTom and Gill ButterfieldElfrida L ChappellClay and Sue CookMr and Mrs John Kent Cooke, JrMr Clayton P CormierMr and Mrs Roderick A Ferguson, SrMr and Mrs Warner W GardnerMr and Mrs Christopher V GreethamMr David P GutteridgeChristopher “Crawdaddy” HaleMr and Mrs Ove HoeghDr and Mrs Idwal Wyn HughesMr and Mrs Royle KempDr and Mrs Anthony H KnapMr and Mrs Frederick J KollmorgenMr and Mrs JRH LightbournDr Charlotte M LordEdith A MaynardAlan and Rochelle McGowanDr and Mrs Frederick MuschenheimMr Gary Pantry and Ms Jeanne ParéLady Antoinette PearmanIsobel PerryMichael D Quinn and Mary Foster-QuinnMr and Mrs Buddy RegoDr Robert F SchmalzMr and Mrs Walter A ScottMr Dennis SherwinMr Stuart D SmithSir John and Lady SwanMary and Redwood WrightPatrons ClubMr and Mrs Henry AshworthThe Hon Robert V and Grace BarrittRonald Birkenfeld, MDMr and Mrs Clyde BrownstoneMr and Mrs J Stewart Bryan IIIJohn and Sue BuchananMr and Mrs John G BurlandDr and Mrs James N ButlerYves and Gladys ChambazDr Thomas M ChurchEM CutillasRod and Martha FergusonMr and Mrs William de V FrithStephen L Gardiner and Judith GardinerMs Astrid GiffordMalcolm and Mary GoslingMr Patrick T HaganDr and Mrs Frank T HamiltonKen and Marg HammondJames FH HannamRichard and Polly HillCarl and Suzi JohnsonMr and Mrs JCH JohnsonDr and Mrs John KnaussMr and Mrs Arthur LeightonHazel LowePrice and Carolyn LowensteinGarry and Julie MadeirosDr John J McDermottMr Charles W NewhallGretl NunnemacherMr and Mrs J J Outerbridge, JrJanet OuterbridgeMr and Mrs John D PereiraMr and Mrs Sidney PurveyMr and Mrs John Sainsbury15

Patrons Club continuedDr Sybil P SeitzingerDr June Lindstedt SivaMark Smith and Mariette SavoieReginald AR and Molly D SmithMr and Mrs Leonard I SolondzDr and Mrs John H SteeleMr and Mrs John TalbotBob and Anne TuckerMr and Mrs Jack WahlCummings and Katherine ZuillSustaining AssociatesMr and Mrs Mickey AdderleyDavid and Elma AnfossiAnonymousDavid and Elizabeth AshurstMr Arthur W AtwoodMr Donald BakerDr and Mrs Edwin Boger, SrMalcolm A BorgDr and Mrs Francis P BowlesMichael and Gillian BurpeeDr Richard H ColbyMr and Mrs Ernest L ConyersDr and Mrs William R CookeAlex and Sheelagh CooperDavid CopeMr and Mrs Dudley R CottinghamPeter and Sally DarlingRoger and Lee DavidsonJohn and Marilyn DickinsonLeonard DoarsMr and Mrs Michel J DrewMs Cosette AM DurrantElizabeth AC DurrantDr and Mrs David F DyerAnne EngelhardtDr and Mrs John W FarringtonMr and Mrs Keith FisherRobert S FleischerMr and Mrs Stephen W FossRory and Gayle GormanMr Michael Hamer and Ms ClaireWarburtonJames FH HannamHarnix16HONOR ROLL OF DONORSTHE ASSOCIATES PROGRAM CONTINUEDMr A Elystan HaycockMr and Mrs Arthur E HaycockLisa Perry Hellerstein and DavidHellersteinDr Paul A HolleKeith and Norrie HollisScott Hunter and Janet KempMr and Mrs CH Ford HutchingsJohn and Macil KeeffeMr and Mrs Scott G KitsonMrs A Bodine LamontCindy LeeGeorgia E Lesh-Laurie & William F LaurieDonald and Janine LinesThe Hon and Mrs Terry ListerMr and Mrs Larry LombardoMr and Mrs Paul R LovejoyMs Nancy O LowMr and Mrs John M LummisDr and Mrs Fred T MackenzieDr W L MengebierMr A E MingMr and Mrs AR Moulton IIIMr and Mrs Louis K MowbrayDr Harold PestanaMr and Mrs Donaldson C PillsburyJudith PittFrana B PriceMr and Mrs Cyril RanceMr Jonathan F ReissMrs Olga W RevelerDavid and Christine SaulBruce and Carol SimsMr and Mrs Jan SpieringTerry and Joan StevensDr Elijah W StommelMr and Mrs William D ThomsonBuffy TompkinsdeForest and Dorothy TriminghamMr and Mrs N Henry P VeseySharon VeseyLlew and Betty VorleyPeter Vorley and Marion WatlingtonMr and Mrs David WareMrs Joyce WatlingtonMrs Joan S WhiteMrs Nea P WillitsClaudine WilsonDr David B WingateMr and Mrs Colin R YoungMr and Mrs William S Zuill, JrChartered AssociatesLaurie AbelMrs Tia D AndrewAnonymous (4)Edward and Pat ArgentaSydney and Sheila BamberJoshua and Amy Perry BassechesMrs Jean BathColin and Moyra BenbowMr and Mrs Alan M BerglDr Rosanne BonjouklianMr and Mrs J R BowkerSandra G BrooksMr Peter BrownMr and Mrs Warren A BrownThe Browning FamilyMrs G Dorothea L Butterfield, JPMrs Laura S ButterfieldAnne T ButtrickW Bruce ByfordDr Donald J CannonMr and Mrs Frank CapstickMr and Mrs David CarruthersTed and Loretta CassidyNigel and Diana ChudleighHazel CliffordJohn and Judy CollisDr Donald G CombDr and Mrs Barrie CookMrs Margaret I CooperMrs Megan CooperStephen and Carolyn CopelandMrs HCD CoxGeorge and Sue CubbonDr Nancy Owens CunninghamCarleen CurrieRajen Dalal & Linda BurchMr and Mrs J Henry DallasMr and Mrs Gilbert DarrellDartmouth Class of ‘57 Reunion GroupIan and Felicité DavidsonConnie DeyDr and Mrs Henry A DiederichsMr and Mrs Nicholas B Dill, Jr

HONOR ROLL OF DONORSTHE ASSOCIATES PROGRAM CONTINUEDAndrew-John DittrichTerry and Mary DraycottDr David W EllisDr and Mrs Donald T FormanMr and Mrs Ted GauntlettPeter and Elizabeth GebhardDr and Mrs Nelson A GelfmanChristopher and Amalia Pretel GrayMr Gene L GrellMrs Rose Mary GrovesRear Admiral and Mrs Thomas HallBruce and Annette HallettDr and Mrs Seymour HandlerDagmar and Paul HannonStephen “Straws” HaycockDiana and James HindessMr and Mrs Frank W HoggSusan HollandNancy HooperDr Judith A Hopkins and Dr Clayton WYohoMr Townsend HornorMrs Elizabeth W HowlandDr Clarence E JamesDuane and Cosette KellyDr and Mrs James AC KingDr and Mrs Joseph A KnightPeg KocherMr and Mrs William LangSir Edwin Leather, KCMG, KCVO, LLDDr and Mrs Frederick K LeppleR McLeod LightbournDrs Gerald J Longa and Gabriella CastilloMichael and Paula MaguireWilliam and Sandy MayorMrs Barbara N McCallumRobert and Alice McCombJanet E McCullochDr Dieter MeischnerBill and Hilary MidonMr and Mrs LN Mills IIMrs Dorothy J MitchellMs Jennifer L MoeMrs Rebecca S MoodyCapt and Mrs J Willard MooreDr Donald A MunsonRick Murnane and Fredrika MoserPeter and Elizabeth NashPeter and Colleen NelsonSheila Nicoll and Steve LakeMs Maureen Foley NunezMr Robert NunnemacherMr and Mrs William E OakleySR Bernard and Lily W OatleyMr and Mrs Robert OatleyMark and Helen OrchardMs Elsie O’TooleMr and Mrs Eric N ParkerMr and Mrs Peter L ParkerRoger and Kathryn PashckeJames B Patterson, MD, PhDDr Henry PaulusDr and Mrs Brian PeckettSheldon and Edna PerinchiefMr and Mrs Benjamin PerlmutterMr and Mrs Roy PerryAudrey N PertlE Llewellyn and Joan PettyMr and Mrs Albert A PowellJuan and Nancy PradoDr Firoz RahemtullaMr and Mrs Cyril RanceMr John W RaynerMr and Mrs Ralph E RichardsonSam and Jane RikerDr and Mrs Sean RingstedDr Shepherd K RobertsIrene E Roeckel, MDDrs John and Priscilla RoslanskyMr and Mrs Laurence P RubinowDr and Mrs Martin J SalwenJoseph and Samantha SaundersMiss Winifred C SavillDr Hermann SchoneElsie M ScottColin and Elizabeth SelleyJoan ShadboltDr and Mrs John A ShivelyKathryn SigginsDavid and Susan SimsWalter and Sabina SlavinMr and Mrs C H Smith, JrDr and Mrs James M SmithMr and Mrs Peter JC SmithMr Michael J SpurlingMrs Michelle St JaneNancy Stevens and Tom HandsMr and Mrs J E P StewartMr David B StoneMrs Ivan SwanJohn and Joan TaplinDr CR TerceiraMr and Mrs William D ThomsonMr and Mrs Carl W Timpson, JrMr and Mrs Glenn TittertonJim and Eve ToddMiss Celia G TuzoMartha and George VaughnStuyvesant Wainwright IIIRobert WarrenTalbot H WatermanColonel and Mrs Sumner H WatersMrs Rosalind T Watlington, OBEPeter and Katherine WatsonDr Peter G WellsMrs Olive WilkinsonMr and Mrs Richard J WinchellKeith and Helene WinterDr and Mrs Joseph H WoolfAnna WrightMr and Mrs Edward T WrightMr and Mrs Michael K YoungG Roger YounieContributing AssociatesTom and Lois AitchisonOscar and Gail AndradeAnonymous (2)Mr Lance ArnoldDr Ali ArouziPeter and Joan BanksEdmund and Gretchen BatchelarDr Dorothy Johnson BeaversMonica BerryMr Brian W BillingsDr and Mrs Edwin Boger, SrDr Vincent BrachMr and Mrs Ralph F BrobergDuffy and Laurie BrookesMrs Anne R BrownDavid S BrownOlga CardDr and Mrs Craig A CarlsonBobbii CartwrightMaria CharestMr and Mrs David Chew17

HONOR ROLL OF DONORSTHE CORPORATE INVESTORS PROGRAM CONTINUEDAustralia Japan Cable (Management)LimitedThe Bermuda Telephone Company,LimitedCentre Solutions (Bermuda) LimitedConyers, Dill & PearmanEast End Asphalt Company LimitedExxon Services (Bermuda) LtdJardine Matheson International ServicesLimitedKintore Investments LimitedKitson & Company LtdMayfair LimitedNEA Development CorpNew England Biolabs, IncOrbis Investment Management LtdSippican, IncStandard Steamship Owners’ P & I AssLtdStevedoring Services LtdStrike Club Management LimitedWiley Rein & Fielding LLPWindship (Bermuda) LimitedCorporate CouncilAon Group (Bermuda) LtdArgus Group of CompaniesBAS-Serco LtdBermuda Cement Company LimitedBermuda Press Holdings LtdBermuda Waterworks LimitedBritish American Insurance Co LtdCNA Risk Services LtdContainer Ship Management LtdGibbons Management Services LimitedGosling Brothers LimitedHartford Management, LtdInternational Advisory Services LtdJohn Barritt & Son, LtdKitson Benefit ServicesLinberg & Simmons LtdThe Little Venice GroupMerck, Sharp & Dohme (International)LtdMutual Insurance Company LimitedOccidental (Bermuda) LtdPM LimitedPriceWaterhouseCoopersRoche International LtdSaffron Services LimitedSwizzle InnUnited Insurance Company LimitedVallis and Hayward LtdWJ Seymour Real Estate LtdCorporate SponsorsAnfossi Management LimitedArthur Morris, Christensen & CoBermuda Gas & Utility Company LimitedBermuda Pest Control, LtdThe Body Shop (Bermuda) LimitedChevronTexaco International LimitedFrog and Onion PubGeneralCologne Re (Bermuda) LtdGodet & Young LtdThe HarbourmasterInternational Gas TransportationCompany LimitedThe Marketplace LimitedThe Meyer Group of CompaniesRidge Reinsurance LimitedRosedon HotelSAL LimitedSan GiorgioStuart’s on Reid StreetThe Total Group of CompaniesThe Walker Arcade Company LtdContributing InvestorsAce InstallersBermuda Anglers ClubBermuda Aviation Services, LtdBermuda Forwarders LtdBermuda Pipe Organ Services LtdBurrows, Lightbourn LtdEast End FloristInternational One Design ClassThe Irish Linen ShopParker LimitedScandinavian Reinsurance CompanyLimitedThomas B Moss Real EstateWindcrest Management LimitedAssociates ProgramEL Mark Society $10,000+Beebe Society $5,000 - $9,999Iselin Society $2,500 - $4,999BBSR Fellows $1,000 - $2,499Patrons Club $500 - $999Sustaining Associates $250 - $499Chartered Associates $100 - $249Contributing Associates $50 - $99Corporate Investors ProgramEL Mark Society $10,000+Beebe Society $5,000 - $9,999Iselin Society $2,500 - $4,999Executive Council $1,000 - $2,499Corporate Council $500 - $999Corporate Sponsors $250 - $499Contributing Investors $50 - $24919

Matching GiftsHONOR ROLL OF DONORSOTHER GIFTS FOR OPERATING SUPPORT 2002We are grateful to the followingcorporations and private foundationsthat have provided matching supportfor gifts made to BBSR by theiremployees or directors.The ACE FoundationBank of Bermuda FoundationCentre Solutions (Bermuda) LimitedRobert Wood Johnson FoundationRenaissance Reinsurance LtdWiley Rein & Fielding LLPOperating Support from PrivateFoundationsAnonymous (2)The Arthur and Annette BoltonCharitable FoundationThe William Ewing FoundationIvor FoundationRobert Wood Johnson FoundationThe MacPherson Fund IncMN Charitable TrustMostyn Foundation, IncStewart R Mott Charitable TrustErling D Naess Fund for Marine ResearchMichael and Susan NewburgerFoundationThe Wendell and Margaret SmithFoundationLouis F & Mary A Tagliatela Foundation,IncEndowmentDr and Mrs Edwin Boger, SrMr and Mrs Raymond E MooreThe Starr FoundationErnest E Stempel FoundationEd & Bobbie TrippeGifts-in-KindBARCO Projection Systems, IncBermuda Microsystems Group LtdCable and Wireless Bermuda LimitedDr Thomas M ChurchDr Kathryn CoatesCoral Beach & Tennis ClubEnvironmental Health DepartmentEsso BermudaFoundation Capital Strategies, LtdPeter and Elizabeth GebhardGlobal Crossing LtdMr Jack HarrisBart and Julia HedgesIgnition (Bermuda) LtdIID Partners LtdDr Michael Lomas and Ms DebraCloughertyDr John D McDermottMeyer ShippingMinistry of Agriculture & FisheriesPembroke Tile & Stone Co Ltd20RESTRICTED GIFTS AND GRANTS 2002Pin Point Training LtdDr Joanna PittPulse Instrumentation LtdSandy SpurlingStratageneStrike Club Management LimitedWilliams Trading LtdWrigley Institute for EnvironmentalStudiesXL Capital LtdCapital ProjectsAnonymous (3)Mr and Mrs Jeremiah M BogertMr and Mrs Michael ButtButterfield and VallisMr and Mrs Richard D ButterfieldThe Byrne FoundationMr and Mrs Mark J ByrneMr and Mrs Robert E CawthornConyers, Dill & PearmanMs Diana H FrazierJM FoundationNational Science FoundationMr and Mrs Richard D SpurlingThe Starr FoundationXL Foundation LtdResearch ProgramsThe Chatlos Foundation, IncMr and Mrs Brian DuperreaultExxon Mobil CorporationMr and Mrs Edwin FariesGlaxoSmithKlineMr and Mrs Charles L KlineAlan and Rochelle McGowanMr and Mrs Raymond E MooreThe Curtis and Edith Munson FoundationNational Fish and Wildlife FoundationThe Oak FoundationMr and Mrs John D PereiraMr and Mrs Ian StreckerG Unger Vetlesen FoundationAquaculture ProgramBank of Bermuda FoundationBoeotia Property Company LimitedJohn and Pauline CameronThe Christian Humann FoundationElbow Beach HotelMr and Mrs Brian R HallMiles Market LimitedPrimavera RistoranteThe Royal Bermuda Yacht ClubRustico RestaurantSan GiorgioSonesta Beach Hotel and SpaUnited Insurance Company Limited

HONOR ROLL OF DONORSRESTRICTED GIFTS AND GRANTS CONTINUEDRisk Prediction InitiativeNunnemacher Nature ReserveACE Tempest Reinsurance LimitedAmerican International Group/IPC Reinsurance Company LtdMontpelier Reinsurance LtdRenaissance Reinsurance LtdState Farm Fire and Casualty CompanySwiss Reinsurance CompanyXL Re LtdEducation ProgramsCable and Wireless Bermuda LimitedCanadian Associates of BBSLCDR Donald S DelikatJohn and Marilyn DickinsonExxon Mobil CorporationUK Associates of BBSRRoger Perry Scholarship FundJoshua and Amy Perry BassechesClay and Sue CookDr and Mrs John W FarringtonLisa Perry Hellerstein and DavidHellersteinCindy LeeIsobel PerryMr and Mrs Roy PerryMary and Redwood WrightThe Sunderman FundDr Donald J CannonDr and Mrs Barrie CookDr and Mrs Henry A DiederichsDr and Mrs Donald T FormanDr and Mrs Nelson A GelfmanMr and Mrs Frank H GenieserElizabeth S Gloster, MDDr and Mrs Frank T HamiltonDr and Mrs Seymour HandlerDr Judith A Hopkins and Dr Clayton WYohoDr and Mrs Joseph A KnightRobert and Alice McCombDr and Mrs Frederick MuschenheimMr and Mrs Benjamin PerlmutterIrene E Roeckel, MDDr and Mrs Martin J SalwenDr and Mrs John A ShivelyDr and Mrs James M SmithDr FW Sunderman, SrCanadian Associates of BBSThe Canadian Associates of BBS is anindependent organization created tosupport Canadian scientists andstudents at BBSRMr David Bruce (in memory of Maxwelland Nina Bruce)George and Martha ButterfieldNeil and Eleanor CampbellDr Kathryn CoatesMichael and Elaine DaviesMr Keith CW DeanMrs Elizabeth Doe (in memory ofLeary Doe)Mr Graham F HallwardMr Gordon H McCaslinMs Alexandra RehmerMs Lucy F RileyUBS WarburgMr and Mrs Karl WildiMrs Barbara N McCallumEndowed FundsBBSR scientists, students and facilitiesbenefitted in 2002 from income fromthe following funds established inprevious years to support specificresearch and education programs atBBSR in perpetuity.Chris Collier Memorial Scholarship FundCaptain Charles I Dale FundHenry James R/V Weatherbird IIEndowment FundH Eugene and Lillian Y LehmanEndowment FundAubry H Lightbourn Memorial FundThe EL Mark Memorial Library FundCecil and Helen Montgomery-MooreFundEdith Mott Davis ScholarshipEndowment FundRoger Perry Scholarship EndowmentFundSamuel Riker Fellowship FundCV Starr Scholarship Endowment FundErnest E Stempel ScholarshipEndowment FundWolfgang E Sterrer Fellowship FundRoger Thayer Stone Fellowship FundWadson and Littlejohn ScholarshipEndowment FundElton Scovill Wayland FellowshipHenry Bernard Logier WilkinsonFellowshipSydney L Wright Memorial FellowshipBBSR ANNUAL FUND COMMITTEEWe would like to thank the Annual Fund Committee for their hard work and dedication in 2002:Committee Chair Buddy Rego, David Carruthers, Elizabeth AC Durrant, Victor H Garcia,Robin L Hamill, Fiona E Luck, Jonathan F Reiss, Ralph E Richardson and Amanda E Sodergren21

FINANCIAL OVERVIEWOperating RevenuesNote: U.S. Government includes the following funding agencies: the National Science Foundation (NSF),the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA), and pass-through funding from other institutions. Loss on investments not included.Operating Expenses22

FINANCIAL STATEMENTSINDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORTThe Board of Trustees and MembersThe Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc.We have audited the accompanying statements of financial position of The Bermuda Biological Stationfor Research, Inc. (“Station”) as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related statements of activitiesand cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Station’smanagement. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on ouraudits.We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States ofAmerica. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assuranceabout whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining,on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An auditalso includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, aswell as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide areasonable basis for our opinion.In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, thefinancial position of The Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc. as of December 31, 2002 and2001, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.O’Connor Davies Munns & Dobbins, LLPNew York, New YorkMarch 8, 200323

STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONDECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001ASSETS2002 2001Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,988,601 $ 1,341,662Grants and accounts receivable ,502,509 ,417,310Contributions receivable, net (Note 9) 2,100,280 1,583,905Inventory and prepaid expenses ,048,953 , 43,144Investments (Note 4) 3,799,286 3,993,323Property and equipment, net (Note 5) 4,482,561 4,793,071$12,922,190 $12,172,415LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETSLiabilitiesAccounts payable and accrued expenses $00,402,750 $00,268,108Grants and other advances ,169,434 ,137,761Annuities payable , 21,368 , 29,361Loan payable (Note 6) 1,623,317 1,603,174Total liabilities 2,216,869 2,038,404Net assetsUnrestricted 2,467,524 2,554,629Temporarily restricted (Note 10) 3,896,786 3,386,949Permanently restricted (Note 10) 4,341,011 4,192,433Total net assets 10,705,321 10,134,011$12,922,190 $12,172,41524See accompanying notes to financial statements.

STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIESYEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002UnrestrictedProperty and Total Temporarily Permanently TotalOperating Equipment Unrestricted Restricted Restricted 2002 2001*Revenue and other supportContributions $ ,635,128 $0, $ ,635,128 $2,581,280 $ ,148,578 $03,364,986 $03,418,446Grants and contractsU.S. government and corporations 2,908,011 2,908,011 ,0 2,908,011 3,389,556Bermuda government ,598,180 ,598,180 ,598,180 ,791,605Tuition, guest services and other income 1,480,643 1,480,643 ,003,147 1,483,790 1,732,785Investment return (Note 8) , (76,273) , (76,273) ,(244,014) ,(320,287) ,0(15,355)Net assets released from restrictions 1,830,576 1,830,576 (1,830,576)Total revenue and other support 7,376,265 7,376,265 ,509,837 ,148,578 8,034,680 9,317,037ExpensesProgram servicesScientific research 4,442,277 ,539,221 4,981,498 4,981,498 5,594,901Education 1,206,972 ,098,550 1,305,522 1,305,522 1,595,394Total program services 5,649,249 ,637,771 6,287,020 6,287,020 7,190,295Development and public relations ,579,273 ,005,933 ,585,206 ,585,206 ,559,298Management and general ,482,757 ,108,387 ,591,144 ,591,144 ,282,812Total expenses 6,711,279 ,752,091 7,463,370 7,463,370 8,032,405Change in net assets $ 0,664,986 $0,(752,091) , (87,105) ,509,837 ,148,578 ,571,310 1,284,632Net assets at beginning of year 2,554,629 3,386,949 4,192,433 10,134,011 8,849,379Net assets at end of year $2,467,524 $3,896,786 $4,341,011 $10,705,320 $10,134,011*See page 26 for full 2001 information.See accompanying notes to financial statements.25

STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIESYEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001UnrestrictedProperty and Total Temporarily Permanently TotalOperating Equipment Unrestricted Restricted Restricted 2001Revenue and other supportContributions $ ,789,778 $0, $ ,789,778 $2,521,883 $ ,106,785 $03,418,446Grants and contractsU.S. government and corporations 3,374,556 3,374,556 ,015,000 3,389,556Bermuda government ,791,605 ,791,605 ,791,605Tuition, guest services and other income 1,720,263 1,720,263 ,012,522 1,732,785Investment return (Note 8) ,0(8,132) ,0 (8,132) ,0(7,223) ,0(15,355)Net assets released from restrictions 1,434,159 1,434,159 (1,434,159)Total revenue and other support 8,102,229 8,102,229 1,108,023 ,106,785 9,317,037ExpensesProgram servicesScientific research 5,134,112 ,460,789 5,594,901 5,594,901Education 1,551,113 ,044,281 1,595,394 1,595,394Total program services 6,685,225 ,505,070 7,190,295 7,190,295Development and public relations ,530,444 ,028,854 ,559,298 ,559,298Management and general ,085,533 ,197,279 ,282,812 ,282,812Total expenses 7,301,202 ,731,203 8,032,405 8,032,405Change in net assets $ 0,801,027 $0,(731,203) ,069,824 1,108,023 ,106,785 1,284,632Net assets at beginning of year 2,484,805 2,278,926 4,085,648 8,849,379Net assets at end of year $2,554,629 $3,386,949 $4,192,433 $10,134,011See accompanying notes to financial statements.26

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSYEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 20012002 2001Cash flows from operating activitiesChange in net assets $0,571,310 $1,284,632Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cashprovided by operating activitiesNet depreciation in fair value of investments ,433,219 ,139,264Depreciation ,742,491 ,739,214Net (gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment ,009,601 ,0(8,011)In-kind contributions – equipment , (12,995) , (24,400)Contributions, grants and contracts classified asfinancing activities ,(257,920) ,(339,486)Change in discount of unconditional promises to give ,154,395 , (12,982)Changes in operating assets and liabilities (Note 12) ,(603,456) ,(619,784)Net cash provided by operating activities 1,036,645 1,158,447Cash flows from investing activitiesProceeds from sales of investments 4,125,846 ,618,625Purchases of investments (4,365,027) ,(766,244)Proceeds from sale of property and equipment ,010,000Expenditures for property and equipment ,(428,587) ,(404,019)Net cash used in investing activities ,(667,768) ,(541,638)Cash flows from financing activitiesPermanently restricted contributions ,148,578 ,106,785Grants and contracts restricted for fixed asset acquisition ,109,342 ,232,701New borrowings under loan payable ,116,478Repayment of loan payable , (96,336) ,(142,951)Net cash provided by financing activities ,278,062 ,196,535Net increase in cash and cash equivalents ,646,939 ,813,344Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 1,341,662 ,528,318Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $1,988,601 $1,341,662See accompanying notes to financial statements.27

1. OrganizationNOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTSDECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001The Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc. (“Station”) was founded in 1903 and was incorporated in the State of New York in 1926 as a U.S.not-for-profit organization. The Station is exempt from U.S. income taxes pursuant to Sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.The Station’s mission is to conduct science research and education of the highest quality from the special perspective of a mid-ocean island. Itprovides well-equipped facilities and responsive staff support for visiting scientists, faculty and students from around the world. The Stationaccomplishes its educational mission by conducting undergraduate and graduate level courses, and elementary and secondary school programs.The Station is supported by gifts, grants and contracts received from the U.S. and Bermuda governments as well as various individual, corporateand foundation donors. Additionally, the Station charges fees for the use of its various scientific, marine and housing facilities. The Station operatesin Bermuda where its assets, except for its investments and certain cash balances, are held.2. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesBasis of AccountingThe accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requiresmanagement to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingencies at thedate of the financial statements and revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from thoseestimates.Financial Statement PresentationThe Station is required to report information regarding its financial position and activities according to three classes of net assets: permanentlyrestricted, temporarily restricted, and unrestricted. Gifts and bequests that create endowment funds to provide a permanent source of income areclassified as permanently restricted net assets. Gifts of cash and other assets with stipulations that they be used for a particular purpose or for aspecified time period are classified as temporarily restricted assets until the purpose or stipulated time restriction is met. All other net assets areclassified as unrestricted.ContributionsContributions, including unconditional promises to give, are recognized as revenue in the period received or pledged. Contributions of assetsother than cash are recorded at their estimated fair value and are recorded as increases in unrestricted net assets unless the donor places restrictionson their use. Contributions due after one year are discounted at a risk-free rate. Amortization of the discount is recorded annually asadditional contribution revenue in accordance with the donor-imposed restrictions, if any.Cash EquivalentsFor the statements of cash flows, the Station considers all highly liquid investments, with a maturity of three months or less, to be cashequivalents.InventoryThe Station’s inventory is reported at the lower of cost or market (first in, first out) and consists of gift shop merchandise, cafeteria, laboratory andscuba supplies held for resale.Charitable Gift AnnuityThe charitable gift annuity is subject to the restrictions of the gift instrument requiring the Station to pay a stipulated amount to designated beneficiaries.Such payments terminate at the time specified by the donor. Contribution revenues are recognized at the date of receipt after recordingliabilities for the present value of the estimated future payments to be made to the donors and/or other beneficiaries. The liability is adjusted forthe change in the value of the asset, accretion of the discount and other changes in the estimate of future benefits.Foreign CurrencyThe Station’s functional currency is U.S. dollars. There are no foreign currency transaction gains or losses from transaction in the Bermuda dollarbecause it is equivalent to the U.S. dollar.3. Concentrations of Credit RiskThe Station’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, investments and contributionsreceivable. The Station places its cash with high credit quality financial institutions. The Station believes no significant concentrations of creditrisk exist with respect to its cash and cash equivalents. Due to the diversification and quality of investments held, the Station believes that it hasminimized risk concentration regarding its investments. At December 31, 2002, the Station had outstanding contributions receivable from eightdonors totaling $1,920,000. At December 31, 2001, the Station had outstanding contributions receivable from six donors totaling $1,095,000.28

4. InvestmentsNOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUEDThe Station’s investments principally consist of funds managed by The Investment Fund for Foundations’ (“TIFF”) Investment Program, Inc.(“TIP”). TIP is a program of commingled funds open to investment by certain not-for-profit organizations.The fair value of the Station’s investments at December 31, 2002 and 2001, as determined by the net asset value provided by TIFF and quotedmarket prices, is as follows:2002 2001TIFF Multi-Asset Fund $3,596,772TIFF Bond Fund $1,414,209TIFF U.S. Equity Fund 2,479,314Donated equity securities, at market ,202,514 ,099,800$3,799,286 $3,993,323The Station participates in TIFF’s income reinvestment program. Accordingly, all interest, dividends and proceeds from sales of investments arereinvested.During the year ended December 31, 2000, pursuant to authorization from the Board of Trustees, interest-bearing advances were made from theinvestment account to the operating account aggregating $700,000. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, $500,000 and $600,000 of theadvance was outstanding. Interfund interest on the advance totaled $27,500 and $35,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001,respectively.5. Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment is carried at cost and is composed of the following at December 31, 2002 and 2001:UsefulLives 2002 2001Land $ ,465,000 $ ,465,000Construction in progress ,195,688 ,049,611Buildings 20 years 5,956,737 5,839,408Furniture, fixtures and equipment 5-10 years 3,356,938 3,399,497R.V. Weatherbird II research vessel 20 years 2,594,270 2,491,020Other fixed assets 5-50 years ,219,800 ,219,80012,788,433 12,464,336Less accumulated depreciation (8,305,872) (7,671,265)$4,482,561 $4,793,071During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, The Station incurred architectural and related fees of $146,077 and $49,611, respectively, inconnection with the planning phase of a new research facility. During the period of construction, costs incurred are reported as construction inprogress. When construction is complete, the capitalized construction costs will be recharacterized as buildings and improvements and depreciatedover their estimated useful lives.Depreciation of property and equipment is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each asset. Depreciation expense forthe years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 was $742,491 and $739,214 respectively.6. Loan PayableDuring the year ended December 31, 2002, the Station renegotiated its loan extending the repayment term and reducing the interest rate to 1.75%from 2% above the three-month LIBOR rate (3.54% and 4.10% at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively). The loan matures on December 31,2008, is denominated in U.S. dollars and is secured by the Station’s real property. Through December 31, 2003, payments of interest only arerequired.Aggregate maturities of the loan payable are $187,650 in 2004, $194,403 in 2005, $201,399 in 2006, $208,646 in 2007 and $831,219 thereafter.Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 was $92,127 and $151,005, respectively.29

7. Sponsored ProjectsNOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUEDApproximately 44% and 45% of the Station’s operation revenues in 2002 and 2001, respectively, were awards for sponsored projects. The awardsprovide for recovery of both direct and indirect costs. The indirect costs covered by the awards are generally determined as a negotiated or agreeduponpercentage of direct costs with certain exclusions. Indirect costs recovered from all sponsored projects during 2002 and 2001 were $841,489and $992,274, respectively. These recoveries reduced management and general expenses as reported in the statement of activities.8. Investment Return and Spending PolicyThe Station’s Board of Trustees has authorized a policy of permitting a spending rate of up to 5% of the average market value of its portfolio at theprevious three fiscal year ends. This policy is designed to provide a predictable flow of funds to support operations. In 2002 and 2001 investmentreturns of $235,015 and $215,081, respectively, were spent for operations in accordance with this policy.The following summarizes the Station’s investment return and spending for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001:2002TemporarilyUnrestricted Restricted TotalInterest and dividends $ ,245,988 $ , 66,944 $ ,112,932Net depreciation in fair value of investments ,(122,261) ,(310,958) ,(433,219)Net loss on investments $ , (76,273) $ ,(244,014) $ ,(320,287)Investment return spent on operations $ , 90,883 $ ,144,132 $ ,235,0152001TemporarilyUnrestricted Restricted TotalInterest and dividends $ , 53,815 $ , 70,094 $ ,123,909Net depreciation in fair value of investments , (61,947) , (77,317) ,(139,264)Net loss on investments $ , (8,132) $ , (7,223) $ , (15,355)Investment return spent on operations $ , 91,188 $ ,123,893 $ ,215,0819. Contributions ReceivableContributions receivable at December 31, 2002 and 2001 are expected to be collected as follows:2002 2001Amount expected to be collected in:One year or less $1,074,131 $ ,762,861Years two through five 1,126,667 ,874,667Thereafter ,117,500 ,010,0002,318,298 1,647,528Less discount (5% in 2002 and2001) to present value ,(218,018) , (63,623)$2,100,280 $1,583,90530

10. Restrictions on the Use of Net AssetsTemporarily Restricted Net AssetsTemporarily restricted net assets were available for the following purposes at December 31, 2002 and 2001:2002 2001Scientific research $ ,981,172 $ ,943,495Education ,223,433 ,101,893Capital improvements 2,505,362 1,884,038Future periods (general operations) ,186,819 ,457,523$3,896,786 $3,386,949Net Assets Released from RestrictionsNet assets released from restriction consist of revenue from various purpose restricted net assets expended as follows:2002 2001Scientific research $1,126,454 $1,037,774Education ,143,003 ,150,145Capital improvements ,165,661 , 32,670Management and general ,395,458 ,213,464$1,830,576 $1,434,053Permanently Restricted Net AssetsPermanently restricted net assets at December 31, 2002 and 2001 are restricted to investment in perpetuity, with investment return available tosupport the following activities:2002 200111. Pension PlanNOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUEDScientific research $1,990,295 $1,989,945Education 1,292,464 1,148,768General operations 1,058,252 1,053,720$4,341,011 $4,192,433The Station maintains a contributory pension plan for full-time employees who are between the ages of 23 and 65. Each participating employeemay contribute up to 10% of gross salary. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Station matched 3% and 2%, respectively, of grosssalary in accordance with the plan documents and the Bermudian Occupational Pensions Act 1998. Participation in the plan is mandatory forBermudians and voluntary for Non-Bermudians. Pension expense for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 was $80,513 and $43,026,respectively.12. Statement of Cash Flows2002 2001Net change in operating assets and liabilities(Increase) decrease inGrants and accounts receivable $ (85,199) $ ,314Contributions receivable (670,770) (276,192)Inventory and prepaid expenses (5,809) 1,148Increase (decrease) inAccounts payable and accrued expenses 134,642 (247,205)Grants and other advances 31,673 (96,761)Annuities payable (7,993) (1,088)Net change in operating assets and liabilities $ (603,456) $ (619,784)Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:Cash paid during the year for interest $ 92,127 $ 151,005Noncash transactionsEquipment donated to Station $ 12,995 $ 24,40031

Air Quality ProgramDr JAK Simmons, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda GovernmentAnalyzing and Modeling InterannualVariability in the Carbon Cycle of theSubtropical and Subpolar GyresDr NR Bates, BBSRDr N Gruber, University of California,Los AngelesDr J McWilliams, National Center forAtmospheric ResearchFunding: NSFAssessment of Reef Fish Populations inBermuda’s Marine Protected AreasDrs SR Smith, S Paterson, J Pitt, AH Knap,BBSRFunding: The Pew Charitable Trusts, Curtisand Edith Munson Foundation,National Fish and Wildlife FoundationAssessment of Temporal Variability inGlobal Inorganic Carbon DistributionsDr NR Bates, BBSRDr CL Sabine, Pacific MarineEnvironmental LaboratoryFunding: NSFBaseline Surface Radiation NetworkDr JAK Simmons, BBSRFunding: NOAAThe Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP):Activities in BermudaDr N Nelson, BBSRDr D Siegel, University of California,Santa BarbaraFunding: NASABiodiversity and Systematics of MarineAnnelid Worms of BermudaDr KA Coates, P Pocklington, BBSRFunding: CABBS, University of TorontoCARICOMP – Long-term Monitoring ofBermuda’s Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds andMangrove ForestsDr SR Smith, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda Government,United Nations Environment Program,UNESCO, NOAA32RESEARCH PROGRAMSCastle Harbour Coral Reef MonitoringProgramDr SR Smith, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda GovernmentCO 2 and Climate: Determining NaturalVariabilityDrs NR Bates, AH Knap, A Amat, BBSRFunding: Exxon Mobil CorporationCO 2 and Coral Reefs: Assessing theResponse of Corals to IncreasingAtmospheric CO 2Drs NR Bates, AH Knap, A Amat, BBSRDr L Merlivat, University of ParisDr R Wanninkhof, Atlantic Oceanographicand Meteorological LaboratoryFunding: MacNichol Science FundCollaborative Research: Atmospheric IronInputs to the Sargasso Sea: TemporalVariability and Impact on IronDistribution in the Upper OceanDr P Sedwick, BBSRDr T Church, University of DelawareFunding: NSFCollaborative Research: BiogeochemicalCycling of CO, OCS and HOOH on Diel toSeasonal Time Scales: Measuring andModeling Distributions and FluxesDr N Nelson, BBSRDrs O Zafiriou, C Taylor, Woods HoleOceanographic InstitutionDr G Cutter, Old Dominion UniversityDr R Najjar, Pennsylvania State UniversityFunding: NSFCollaborative Research onBacterioplankton Biology andBiogeochemistry at the Bermuda AtlanticTime-series Station: An Oceanic MicrobialObservatoryDr C Carlson, University of California,Santa BarbaraDr S Giovannoni, Oregon State UniversityFunding: NSFComparative Dynamics of CDOM in OpenOcean SystemsDr N Nelson, BBSRDr C Carlson, University of California,Santa BarbaraDr DK Steinberg, Virginia Institute ofMarine ScienceFunding: NSFDetermination of a Radiocarbon-ageCorrection for Holocene Marine Sedimentsfrom the Mac Robertson Shelf, EastAntarcticaDr P Sedwick, BBSRFunding: Australian Institute of NuclearScience and EngineeringDevelopment Techniques for Culture ofPectinid BivalvesDr S Sarkis, BBSRFunding: Bank of Bermuda Foundation,Mr and Mrs Brian R Hall, The ChristianHumann Foundation, United InsuranceCompany LimitedECOHAB: Benthic-Pelagic Coupling andLong Island Brown TideDr MW Lomas, BBSRDrs TM Kana, HL MacIntyre, JC Cornwell,University of MarylandFunding: NOAAEcological Processes Driving Reef Recoveryin the Florida KeysDr SR Smith, BBSRDr RB Aronson, Dauphin Island SeaLaboratoryDr JC Ogden, Florida Institute ofOceanographyFunding: NOAA, Coastal Ocean ProgramEffects of Flow on Metabolism of ReefCoralsDr K Sebens, University of MarylandDr F Lipschultz, BBSRFunding: NSFElevated N* in the Western Sargasso Sea:Local or Non-local Origin?Dr NR Bates, BBSRDr DA Hansell, Rosenstiel School ofMarine and Atmospheric ScienceFunding: NSF

Expansion of a Seawater Facility forMarine Organisms at BBSRDrs HG Trapido-Rosenthal, AH Knap,M Lomas, S Sarkis, BBSRFunding: NSFA Genomics-based Inventory of Bermuda’sMarine EnvironmentDr HG Trapido-Rosenthal, BBSRFunding: Diversa CorporationGetting to Know Azorean MarineAnnelids: A First Integrated StepDrs HG Trapido-Rosenthal, KA Coates,BBSRDr M Costa, University of the AzoresFunding: The Luso-American FoundationInitial Steps Towards a Global pCO 2Observing SystemDr NR Bates, BBSRDr A Dickson, Scripps Institution ofOceanographyDr FJ Millero, Rosenstiel School of Marineand Atmospheric ScienceDr T Takahashi, Lamont-Doherty EarthObservatoryDr R Wanninkhof, Atlantic Oceanographicand Meteorological LaboratoryFunding: NOAALand-based Sources of Marine PollutionProgram: Distribution and Toxicity ofAntifouling Paints in Bermuda InshoreWatersDrs R Owen, AH Knap, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda GovernmentLand-based Sources of Marine PollutionProgram: Distribution of Irgarol 1051 inthe Meso-American Reef RegionDr R Owen, BBSRFunding: Oak FoundationLand-based Sources of Marine PollutionProgram: Distribution of Pesticides inGroundwaters and Drinking WaterDrs R Owen, AH Knap, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda GovernmentRESEARCH PROGRAMSMass Balance Assessments of CarbonPartitioning: A Contribution to the USJGOFS Synthesis and Modeling ProgramDr NR Bates, BBSRDr DA Hansell, Rosenstiel School ofMarine and Atmospheric ScienceFunding: NSFMonitoring Program for Artificial AshReefs and the Bulk Waste and Ash BlockDisposal Site in Castle HarbourDr SR Smith, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda GovernmentNeutrally-buoyant Sediment Traps forDirect Sampling of the Upper OceanExport FluxDrs J Price, K Buesseler, Woods HoleOceanographic InstitutionDr DK Steinberg, Virginia Institute ofMarine ScienceFunding: NSFOceanographic Instrumentation, R/VWeatherbird IIDr NR Bates, Capt CL Black, BBSRFunding: NSFOceanographic Technical Services, R/VWeatherbird IIDr NR Bates, Capt CL Black, BBSRFunding: NSFThe Panulirus Hydrographic StationsYear 50Dr AH Knap, R Johnson, BBSRFunding: NSFPatterns of Distribution of Juvenile Fishesin Bermuda’s Reef ZonesDrs SR Smith, J Pitt, BBSRFunding: The Bermuda GovernmentRemote Sensing Assessment ofBiochemical Processes in the Sargasso SeaDr N Nelson, BBSRFunding: NASAResearch Experience for Undergraduates:Open Ocean and Sub-tropical MarineResearch Experiences for Undergraduatesat BBSRDrs HG Trapido-Rosenthal, M Lomas,KA Coates, R Owen, BBSRFunding: NSFThe Risk Prediction InitiativeDrs AH Knap, R Murnane, BBSRFunding: ACE Tempest ReinsuranceLimited, American InternationalGroup/IPC Reinsurance Company Ltd,Montpelier Reinsurance Ltd,Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd,State Farm Fire and Casualty Company,Swiss Reinsurance Company, XL Re LtdShip Operations, R/V Weatherbird IIDr NR Bates, Capt CL Black, BBSRFunding: NSFShipboard Scientific Support Equipment,R/V Weatherbird IIDr NR Bates, Capt CL Black, BBSRFunding: NSFTransport, Modifications and Fluxes ofCarbon and Nitrogen in the WesternArctic Ocean: A Contribution to the SBIProject, Phase IIDr NR Bates, BBSRDr DA Hansell, Rosenstiel School ofMarine and Atmospheric ScienceFunding: NSFUpgrade and Operation of a Marine-Atmospheric Sampling Facility at TudorHill, BermudaDrs AH Knap, P Sedwick, BBSRDr H Maring, University of MiamiFunding: NSF, G Unger VetlesenFoundation, BBSR, NOAAThe US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study(JGOFS) Bermuda Atlantic Time-seriesStudy (BATS)Drs AH Knap, NR Bates, M Lomas, BBSRFunding: NSF33

GRADUATE RESEARCH PROGRAMSAssembly Rules, Trait-EnvironmentLinkages, and the Functional Ecology ofCaribbean Reef Corals in Florida andBermudaThaddeus Murdoch, PhD candidate,University of South Alabama, DauphinIsland Sea LabFaculty Advisors: Dr SR Smith (BBSR),Dr R Aronson (University of SouthAlabama, Dauphin Island Sea Lab)Funding: Dauphin Island Sea LabFellowship, The Bermuda GovernmentBiogeochemical Cycling by HermatypicReef CoralsAllison Beauregard, PhD candidate,University of DelawareFaculty Advisors: Dr F Lipschultz (BBSR),Dr J Sharp (University of Delaware)Investigating the Diversity of SymbioticDinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp) withinGorgonians of BermudaLyndsey Holland, MS candidate,University of TorontoFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr KA Coates(BBSR), Dr D Currie (University ofToronto)Funding: The Leverhulme Trust, Universityof Toronto Graduate FellowshipIron Metabolism of Trichodesmium spp inthe Sargasso SeaKatherine Achilles, PhD candidate,University of DelawareFaculty Advisors: Dr F Lipschultz (BBSR),Dr T Church (University of Delaware)Funding: NSF award to T ChurchMolecular Taxonomy of the AzoreanAnnelid Hermodice carunculataSara Cunha, MS candidate, University ofthe AzoresFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr KA Coates(BBSR), Dr M Costa (University of theAzores)Funding: The Luso-American FoundationMolecular Taxonomy of the AzoreanAnnelid Sabella spallanzaniiRenato Pires, MS candidate, University ofthe AzoresFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr KA Coates(BBSR), Dr M Costa (University of theAzores)Funding: The Luso-American FoundationDiversity and Systematics of Bermuda’sGorgoniansJaret Bilewitch, MS candidate, Universityof TorontoFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr KA Coates(BBSR), Dr D Currie (University ofToronto)Funding: CABBS, KA Coates, OntarioGraduate ScholarshipMixed Infections of Algae in InvertebrateSymbiosesJeannette Loram, PhD candidate,University of YorkFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr A Douglas(University of York)Funding: National Environment ResearchCouncil Graduate FellowshipMolecular Genetic Analysis of ThreeGeographically Distinct Populations of theBermuda SkinkLisa Kitson, PhD candidate, UniversityCollege CorkFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr J Davenport(University College Cork)Funding: Bermuda Biodiversity Project ofthe Bermuda Zoological SocietyPatterns of Reproduction in Bermuda’sHard and Soft CoralsSamantha de Putron, PhD candidate,University of Wales, SwanseaFaculty Advisors: Dr SR Smith (BBSR), Dr JRyland (University of Wales, Swansea)Funding: Guernsey Council, Roger T StoneFellowshipA Survey of Zooxanthellae Clades inBermudian CoralsCraig Starger, PhD Candidate, ColumbiaUniversityFaculty Advisors: Dr HG Trapido-Rosenthal (BBSR), Dr A Baker(Columbia University)Funding: NSF34

PUBLICATIONSThe following journal articles and books were published in 2002 unless otherwise noted.Numerous reports amd conference abstracts were also produced in 2002.Bates, NR, AC Pequignet, RJ Johnson andN GruberA short-term sink for atmospheric CO 2 insubtropical mode water of the North AtlanticoceanNature, Vol 420, No 6915, pp 489-493Bates, NRSeasonal variability of the impact of coralreefs on ocean CO 2 and air-sea CO 2 exchangeLimnology and Oceanography, Vol 47, No 1,pp 43-52Bates, NRInterannual variability in the global oceanuptake of CO 2Geophysical Research Letters, Vol 29, No 5,pp 3:1-3:4Blain, S, PN Sedwick, FB Griffiths,B Quéguiner, E Bucciarelli, M Fiala,P Pondaven and P TréguerQuantification of algal iron requirements inthe Subantarctic Southern ocean (Indiansector)Deep-Sea Research II, Vol 49, No 16,pp 3255-3273Bowie, AR, EP Achterberg, PN Sedwick,S Ussher and PJ WorsfoldReal-time monitoring of picomolarconcentrations of iron(II) in marine watersusing automated flow injectionchemiluminescenceinstrumentationEnvironmental Science and Technology,Vol 36, No 21, pp 4600-4607Carlson, CAProduction and removal processesIn: Biogeochemistry of Marine DissolvedOrganic Matter, Hansell, DA and CA Carlson(Eds), Academic Press, pp 91-151Carlson, CA, SJ Giovannoni, DA Hansell,SJ Goldberg, R Parsons, MP Otero, K Verginand BR WheelerThe effect of nutrient amendments onbacterioplankton production, communitystructure and DOC utilization in theNorthwestern Sargasso SeaAquatic Microbial Ecology, Vol 30, No 1,pp 19-36Cogswell, AT, TJ Benfey and AM SutterlinThe hematology of diploid and triploidtransgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol 24,No 4, pp 271-277Dewailly, E, C Furgal, AH Knap, J Galvin,D Baden, B Bowen, M Depledge, L Duguay,L Fleming, T Ford, F Moser, R Owen,WA Suk and U UnluataIndicators of ocean and human healthCanadian Journal of Public Health, Vol 93,Supplement 1, pp S34-S38Feely, RA, R Wanninkhof, DA Hansell,MF Lamb, D Greeley and K LeeWater column CO 2 measurements during theGas Ex-98 ExpeditionIn: Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Donelan,MA, WM Drennan, ES Saltzman and RWanninkhof (Eds), Geophysical MonographSeries, Vol 127, American Geophysical Union,pp 173-181Gruber, N, CD Keeling and NR BatesInterannual variability in the North Atlanticocean carbon sinkScience, Vol 298, No 5602, pp 2374-2378Hansell, DA, CA Carlson and S SuzukiDissolved organic carbon export with NorthPacific intermediate water formationGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol 16, No 1,pp 7:1-7:8Hansell, DA and CA Carlson (Eds)Biogeochemistry of Marine DissolvedOrganic MatterAcademic Press, 774 ppHansell, DADOC in the global ocean carbon cycleIn: Biogeochemistry of Marine DissolvedOrganic Matter, Hansell, DA and CA Carlson(Eds), Academic Press, pp 685-715Karl, D, A Michaels, B Bergman, D Capone,E Carpenter, R Letelier, F Lipschultz, H Paerl,D Sigman and L StalDinitrogen fixation in the world’s oceansBiogeochemistry, Vols 57/58, pp 47-98Knap, AH, E Dewailly, C Furgal, J Galvin,D Baden, RE Bowen, M Depledge, L Duguay,LE Fleming, T Ford, F Moser, R Owen,WA Suk and U UnluataIndicators of ocean health and human health:developing a research and monitoringframeworkEnvironmental Health Perspectives, Vol 110,No 9, pp 839-845Lipschultz, F and C CookUptake and assimilation of 15N-ammoniumby the symbiotic sea anemones, Bartholomeaannulata and Aiptasia pallida: conservationversus recycling of nitrogenMarine Biology, Vol 140, No 3, pp 489-502Lipschultz, F, NR Bates, CA Carlson andDA HansellNew production in the Sargasso Sea: historyand current statusGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol 16, No 1,pp 1:1-1:16Lomas, MW, PM Glibert, F-K Shiah andEM SmithMicrobial processes and temperature inChesapeake Bay: current relationships andpotential impacts of regional warmingGlobal Change Biology, Vol 8, No 1, pp 51-70Lomas, MW, TM Trice, PM Glibert,DA Bronk and JJ McCarthyTemporal and spatial dynamics of ureaconcentrations in Chesapeake Bay: biologicalversus physical forcingEstuaries, Vol 25, No 3, pp 469-482Lomas, MW, NR Bates, AH Knap, DM Karl ,R Lukas, MR Landry, RR Bidigare,DK Steinberg and CA CarlsonRefining our understanding of oceanicbiogeochemistry and ecosystem functionEOS, Vol 83, No 48, p 559 and pp 566-567McDermott, JJRelationships between the parasitic isopodsStegias clibanarii Richardson, 1904 andBopyrissa wolffi Markham, 1978 (Bopyridae)and the intertidal hermit crab Clibanariustricolor (Gibbes, 1850) (Anomura) inBermudaOphelia, Vol 56, No 1, pp 33-42Morris, RM, M Rappé, SA Connon,KL Vergin, WA Siebold, CA Carlson andSJ GiovannoniSAR11 clade dominates ocean surfacebacterioplanktonNature, Vol 420, No 6917, pp 806-810Murnane, RJ, M Crowe, A Eustis, S Howard,J Koepsell, R Leffler and R LivezeyThe weather-risk management industry’sclimate forecast and data needs: a workshopreportBulletin of the American MeteorologicalSociety, Vol 83, No 8, pp 1193-119835

Neuer, S, R Davenport, T Freudenthal,G Wefer , O Llinás, M-J Rueda, DK Steinbergand DM KarlDifferences in the biological carbon pump atthree subtropical ocean sitesGeophysical Research Letters, Vol 29, No 18,pp 32:1-32:4Owen, R, L Buxton, S Sarkis, M Toaspern,AH Knap and MH DepledgeAn evaluation of hemolymph cholinesteraseactivities in the scallop Euvola (Pecten) ziczacfor the rapid assessment of pesticideexposureMarine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 44, No 10,pp 1010-1017Owen, R, AH Knap, M Toaspern andK CarberyInhibition of coral photosynthesis by theantifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 44, No 7,pp 623-632Owen, R, HA Kennedy and CA RichardsonExperimental investigation into partitioningof stable isotopes between scallop (Pectenmaximus) shell calcite and sea waterPaleogeography, Paleoecology,Paleoclimatology, Vol 185, No 1, pp 163-174Owen, R, CA Richardson and HA KennedyThe influence of shell growth rate on striaedeposition in the scallop Pecten maximusJournal of the Marine Biological Associationof the UK, Vol 82, No 4, pp 621-623Owen, R, HA Kennedy and CA RichardsonIsotopic partitioning between scallop shellcalcite and seawater: effect of shell growthrateGeochimica et Cosmoschimica Acta, Vol 66,No 10, pp 1727-1737Rodrigues, LJ, DW Dunham and KA CoatesThe effect of shelter type on uropodsymmetry in Calcinus verrilli (Anomura:Diogenidae)Journal of Crustacean Biology, Vol 22, No 2,pp 298-303Rodrigues, LJ, DW Dunham and KA CoatesGastropod shells or gastropod tubes? Shelterchoice in the hermit crab Calcinus verrilliIn: Modern Approaches to the Study ofCrustacea, Escobar-Briones, E and F Alvarez(Eds), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,pp 131-135PUBLICATIONSRodrigues, LJ, DW Dunham, C Johnson andKA CoatesEffect of size on intraspecific shellcompetition in the endemic Bermudianhermit crab, Calcinus verrilli (Rathbun,1901) (Decapoda: Anomura)Crustaceana, Vol 75, No 8, pp 1015-1023Roman, MR, HA Adolf, MR Landry,LP Madin, DK Steinberg and X ZhangEstimates of oceanic mesozooplanktonproduction: a comparison using the Bermudaand Hawaii time-series dataDeep-Sea Research II, Vol 49, Nos 1-3,pp 175-192Savage, AM, MS Goodson, S Visram,H Trapido-Rosenthal, J Wiedenmann andAE DouglasMolecular diversity of symbiotic algae at thelatitudinal margins of their distribution:dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium incorals and sea anemonesMarine Ecology Progress Series, Vol 244,pp 17-26Savage, AM, H Trapido-Rosenthal andAE DouglasOn the functional significance of molecularvariation in Symbiodinium, the symbioticalgae of Cnidaria: photosynthetic response toirradianceMarine Ecology Progress Series, Vol 244,pp 27-37Schnetzer, A and DK SteinbergNatural diets of vertically migratingzooplankton in the Sargasso SeaMarine Biology, Vol 141, No 1, pp 89-99Schnetzer, A and DK SteinbergActive transport of particulate organiccarbon and nitrogen by vertically migratingzooplankton in the Sargasso SeaMarine Ecology Progress Series, Vol 234,pp 71-84Sedwick, PN, S Blain, B Quéguiner, FBGriffiths, M Fiala, E Bucciarelli and M DenisResource limitation of phytoplankton growthin the Crozet Basin, Subantarctic SouthernOceanDeep-Sea Research II, Vol 49, No 16,pp 3327-3349Sharp, J, CA Carlson, ET Peltzer, DM Castle-Ward, KB Savidge and KR RinkerFinal dissolved organic carbon broadcommunity intercalibration and preliminaryuse of DOC reference materialsMarine Chemistry, Vol 77, No 4, pp 239-253Sharp, JH, KR Rinker, KB Savidge, J Abell,JY Benaim, D Bronk, DJ Burdige, G Cauwet,W Chen, MD Doval, D Hansell et alA preliminary methods comparison formeasurement of dissolved organic nitrogenin seawaterMarine Chemistry, Vol 78, No 4, pp 171-184Sheridan, CC, DK Steinberg and GW KlingThe microbial and metazoan communityassociated with colonies of Trichodesmiumspp: a quantitative surveyJournal of Plankton Research, Vol 24, No 9,pp 913-922Steinberg, DK, SA Goldthwait andDA HansellZooplankton vertical migration and theactive transport of dissolved organic andinorganic nitrogen in the Sargasso SeaDeep-Sea Research I, Vol 49, No 8,pp 1445-1461Takahashi, T, SG Sutherland, C Sweeney,AP Poisson, N Metzl, B Tilbrook, NR Bates,RH Wanninkhof, RA Feely, CL Sabine andJ OlafssonGlobal sea-air CO 2 flux based onclimatological surface ocean pCO 2 , andseasonal biological and temperature effectsDeep-Sea Research II, Vol 49, Nos 9-10,pp 1601-1622Titlyanov, EA, TV Titlyanova, A Amat andK Yamazato2001Morphophysiological variations of symbioticdinoflagellates in hermatypic corals from afringing reef at Sesoko IslandGalaxea, Journal of the Japanese Coral ReefSociety, Vol 3, December, pp 51-63Weng, H2001A combined dynamic and kinematic view ofamplitude vacillation in baroclinic flowsIn: Dynamics of Atmospheric and OceanicCirculations and Climate, Institute ofAtmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy ofSciences (Eds), China Meteorological Press,pp 229-25136

Summer Course ProgramCoral Reef EcologyDr Alexandra Amat, BBSRMs Samantha de Putron, BBSRDr Joanna Pitt, BBSRMarine EcotoxicologyDr John Manock, University of NorthCarolina – WilmingtonDr Peter Wells, Environment CanadaDr Richard Owen, BBSRDr Michael Depledge, University ofPlymouthChemosensory Neurobiology in the MarineEnvironmentDr Hank Trapido-Rosenthal, BBSRDr Charles Derby, Georgia State UniversityFall Semester ProgramCoral Reef EcologyDr Fredric Lipschultz, BBSRMarine Biology and Oceanographic ResearchDr Fredric Lipschultz, BBSRMarine Invertebrate ZoologyDr Kathryn Coates, BBSRDuke University Beaufort toBermuda ProgramBiological OceanographyDr Michael Lomas, BBSRCurrent Topics in Oceanography and MarineBiologyDr Fredric Lipschultz, BBSRMarine BiodiversityDr Kathryn Coates, BBSRMarine EcologyDr Fredric Lipschultz, BBSRDr Robbie Smith, BBSRMarine Invertebrate ZoologyDr Kathryn Coates, BBSRMolecular Approaches to Questions ofPhysiology, Ecology and Evolution in theMarine EnvironmentDr Hank Trapido-Rosenthal, BBSRA Scientist’s Perspectives on EnvironmentalPrinciples, Policy and LegislationDr Nicholas Bates, BBSREDUCATION PROGRAMSSustainable Management of Marine FoodResourcesDr Samia Sarkis, BBSRDr Cyr Couturier, Memorial University ofNewfoundlandMr Michael Helm, Private ConsultantNSF-funded Research Experiencefor UndergraduatesKim Asher, Humboldt State UniversityFaculty Advisors: Dr Joanna Pitt, DrShane PatersonKristina Evans, Wittenberg UniversityFaculty Advisor: Dr Kathryn CoatesSarah Evans, Hobart & William SmithCollegeFaculty Advisor: Dr Richard OwenGarrett Gregory, Humboldt State UniversityFaculty Advisor: Dr Michael LomasMagda Gutowska, Evergreen State UniversityFaculty Advisor: Dr Hank Trapido-RosenthalSafiya Sawney, Eckerd CollegeFaculty Advisor: Dr Hank Trapido-RosenthalAshley Swain, Northwestern UniversityFaculty Advisor: Dr Michael LomasEckerd/Galbraith ScholarBradley KlementFaculty Advisor: Dr Joanna PittBermuda Programme InternsAlexander BrooksFaculty Advisor: Dr Joanna PittNeil CattellFaculty Advisor: Dr Robbie SmithNicola FrancisFaculty Advisor: Dr Hank Trapido-RosenthalLisa KitsonFaculty Advisor: Dr Hank Trapido-RosenthalJASON ProjectJASON Project XIII: Frozen WorldsElderhostel CoursesAnatomy of an Oceanic IslandAtlantic Coral ReefsExploring the Sea: New FrontiersHistory and HeritageReefs, Reserve and RooftopsSnorkeling the Coral Island(intergenerational)Walking the Railway TrailVolunteer InternsLucy BuxtonSarah EvansAbbey HardyErin LooneyDaniela MalandruccoloAJ MartignetteTom McTaggartIara del Mar Perez-BonetRyan SheltonCraig StargerThomas WadsworthVisiting Academic GroupsAcadia University (15)Amity Regional High School (27, 24)Association of Clinical Scientists (20)Bancroft School (8)Bolton Center School (22)Clark University (17)East Lyme High School (12)Field Guides Incorporated (10)Fitch Senior High School (15)FOBA Teacher Workshop (11)Graland Country Day School (36)Hamden High School (31)Havergal College (7, 7)Muhlenberg College (10)New York University (13)Norwich Free Academy (15)Queens University (11)Severn School (19)Tolland Middle School (20)University of North Carolina – Pembroke (14)Vernon Center/Rockville High (30)Washington County Technical College (15)Waynflete School (24)Westtown School (10)Whitney Institute Middle School (24)37

2002VOLUNTEERSLore AyoubSandra BlajdaAndrea BodnarSandra BohanJohn CameronJudy CleeFiona CollinsBryan ConnellFelicity CrewLogan DavisAnouk DewaillyCheryl DilschneiderLance FurbertPeter GebhardBob GottsegenTom HandsHeidi LitzenbergerHeather MarkmanEvangeline MeyerCaptain John MooreIan MurdochDanna NeelyJohn Martin RozarioHans ScottMichael SchindelJae-Tremae Smith-YoungGrant SpurlingNancy StevensAmelie StewartSimon ThompsonJoanne TuckerRoger TullochDonatella ValleKatrina Van PeltJane WestColin WilliamsSeminarsPUBLIC LECTURESAND SEMINARSMarch 4“Planet of the Ants”Dr James WettererFlorida Atlantic UniversityMay 6“The Feeding Behavior of Lophophorates”Dr Tom GilmourUniversity of SaskatchewanJune 3“Reconstruction of Precipitation in theCanary Islands (1595-1836): An NAO proxy?”Dr Ricardo Garcia HerreraUniversidad Complutense de MadridJuly 4“Evolution of Specific Genes Across Taxa”Dr Volker HartensteinUniversity of California, Los AngelesAugust 8“Use of Nanocomposites in Compliance withthe MARPOL Treaty”Dr Robert LochheadUniversity of Southern MississippiAugust 14“Coevolution of Marine Sponges and theirMicrobial Symbionts”Dr Robert ThackerUniversity of Alabama, BirminghamAugust 16“An Electronic Interactive Guide andDatabase to the Identification, Biology andZoogeography of the Shorefishes of theTropical Eastern Pacific”Dr Ross RobertsonSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteSeptember 17“POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) in theAtmosphere: Macro-and Micro-scaleProcesses”Dr Andrew PetersCentre for Ecology and Hydrology, DorsetDecember 4“Hard Corals = Soft Science? DevelopingAccurate Models of Assemblage Structure inCaribbean Reef Corals Across ComplexGradients of Resource Availability andDisturbance Potential”Thaddeus MurdochUniversity of South Alabama/BBSRDecember 5“Coral Reproductive Ecology on theSub-tropical Reefs of Bermuda”Samantha de PutronUniversity of Wales, Swansea/BBSRDecember 11“Mixed Infections of Algae in InvertebrateSymbioses”Jeannette LoramUniversity of York/BBSRPublic LecturesApril 25“Global Warming and the ReinsuranceIndustry”Charles KlineFormer President, CAT LimitedDr Anthony KnapSenior Research Scientist, BBSRDr Richard MurnaneScience Program Manager,BBSR Risk Prediction InitiativeMay 9“Genomics: From Microbes to Humans andWhat Lies Ahead”Dr J Craig VenterChairman, The Institute for GenomicResearchSeptember 12“A Day in the Life of the Weatherbird II”Dr Michael LomasAssistant Research Scientist, BBSRNovember 7“From Antarctica to Bermuda: In Search ofDesert Dust”Dr Peter SedwickAssociate Research Scientist, BBSR38

United StatesJeremiah M BogertJames C Edwards & CoNew York, NYRosamond H ButlerQueensbury, NYThomas M Church, PhDUniversity of DelawareMargaret B Dardess, PhDSchool of Public HealthUniversity of North CarolinaJohn W Farrington, PhDWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, MADiana H FrazierFLAG Venture Management, LLCStamford, CTJames N Galloway, PhDUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, VACharles L KlineBoston, MAJohn A Knauss, PhDUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansett, RICindy Lee, PhDStony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NYNancy O LowLow + Associates, IncChevy Chase, MDAlan McGowanThe Gene Media ForumNew York, NYFranklin W NutterReinsurance Association of AmericaWashington, DCMargot B PerotDallas, TXBOARD OF TRUSTEESJohn E RiegelMontchanin, DEChristopher du P RooseveltRoosevelt, Benowich & Lewis, LLPWhite Plains, NYSybil P Seitzinger, PhDInstitute of Marine & Coastal Sciences, RutgersUniversityNew Brunswick, NJFrank B Sprow, PhDExxon Mobil CorporationIrving, TXEdward S TrippeMcFarland Dewey & CoNew York, NYJ Craig Venter, PhDTIGR Center for the Advancement ofGenomicsRockville, MDBermudaS Andrew BanksParadigm Consulting, LtdG Hein Besselaar, MD, PhDPagetJames Burnett-Herkes, PhDPagetJohn C Burville, PhDACE LimitedMichael A ButtAxis Specialty LimitedRichard D ButterfieldPembrokeMark J ByrneWest End Capital Management LtdRobert E CawthornWarwickAllan WB GrayOrbis Investment Management LtdIdwal Wyn Hughes, PhDHamiltonHugh P LowensteinSt George’sFiona E LuckXL CapitalRaymond E MoorePembrokeMichael R NaessNaess Investments LtdBrian M O’HaraXL Capital LimitedEdward A SaintsCable and Wireless Bermuda LtdHenry B SmithBank of Bermuda LimitedThe Hon Jennifer M Smith, DHumL, JP, MPPremier, Bermuda GovernmentWendell M SmithPolestar LtdRichard D SpurlingAppleby, Spurling and KempeJames N Stanard, PhDRenaissanceRe Holdings LtdIan StreckerWarwickThe Hon Sir John Swan, KBE, JPThe Swan GroupGeorge A WardmanHorizons LtdDavid B Wingate, PhDSt David’sEx OfficioBuddy RegoRego Realtors, BermudaUnited StatesNeil R Andersen, PhDFoster BamJames N Butler, PhDClayton P CormierWarner W GardnerE Morton HollandFrederick J KollmorgenH Eugene Lehman, PhDFrederick T Mackenzie, PhDEdward F MacNichol, Jr, PhDJohn H Steele, PhDF William Sunderman, PhDTalbot H Waterman, PhDJohn H Welsh, PhDW Redwood Wright, PhDLIFE TRUSTEESBermudaJohn RH LightbournTerry E Lister, JP, MPBrunell SpurlingErnest E StempelCanadaMichael L DaviesEuropeF Geoffrey LarminieKarsten H Palmork, PhDRobert T SperringOFFICERSChairmanMichael R NaessHonorary ChancellorHis Excellency the Governor Sir JohnVereker, KCBVice ChairmenRobert E CawthornIdwal Wyn Hughes, PhDIan StreckerTreasurerRichard D ButterfieldSecretaryGillian MS HollisDirectorAnthony H Knap, PhD39

ScientistsSenior ScientistsNicholas R Bates, PhDAnthony H Knap, PhDFredric Lipschultz, PhDAssociate ResearchScientistsKathryn Coates, PhDRichard Murnane, PhDPeter Sedwick, PhDJA Kent Simmons, PhDHank Trapido-Rosenthal,PhDAssistant ResearchScientistsMichael Lomas, PhDRichard Owen, PhDAdministrationManagementDirectorAnthony H Knap, PhDAssistant to the DirectorGillian MS HollisFinanceChief Financial OfficerJay Saadian, CPAFinancial ControllerStephen M Markman, CPAHuman Resources OfficerSandy SpurlingOperationsOperations ManagementOperations ManagerLauren Yelle-SimmonsLaboratory OperationsTechniciansMichael SouzaBruce WilliamsAccommodationsHouse ManagerLauren SimonsReservations AssistantJane BurrowsHousekeeperSharon MinorsRoom AttendantsJanice WaldronNatalie CrockwellWendy DeAllieKim Millett40BBSR STAFF 2002Samia Sarkis, PhDS Robertson Smith, PhDPostdoctoral FellowsAlexandra Amat, PhDShane Paterson, PhDJoanna Pitt, PhDAdjunct FacultyPenelope A Barnes, PhDSmithsonian TropicalResearch InstituteCraig Carlson, PhDUniversity of California,Santa BarbaraMichael Depledge, PhDPlymouth UniversityEric Dewailly, PhDLaval UniversityAccountantJulia HedgesBookkeeperShirley SousaAccounts Payable ClerkLeeAnn MorenoComputer SystemsAdministratorJames MarquezAssistant to ComputerSystems AdministratorCharles KingDiningChef/ManagerLinda LeaningChefGeorge C CraneKitchen AssistantsCharlene MilletGeorgianna WhiteMaintenanceMaintenanceSuperintendentWilfred StovellTruck DriverMichael RickardsGroundsmenLaVince EllisRaymond RayMichael RickardsRichard Dodge, PhDNOVA UniversityGiselher Gust, PhDHamburg UniversityDavid Karl, PhDUniversity of HawaiiDavid Malmquist, PhDVirginia Institute ofMarine ScienceNorman B Nelson, PhDUniversity of California,Santa BarbaraPhilippe Rouja, PhDDavid Siegel, PhDUniversity of California,Santa BarbaraThomas Sleeter, PhDBermuda GovernmentEducationHead of Academic AffairsFredric Lipschultz, PhDUndergraduate SemestersCoordinatorFredric Lipschultz, PhDEducation OfficerHelle PattersonLibrarianFrançoise Palau-WolffeMarketingPippa GriveCarpenterChesley FoggoMason/PainterVincent TweedPlumber/ElectricianBarry ReposeLaboratory CleanerGeorgianna WhiteOffice CleanersSharon MinorsJanice WaldronWendy DeAllieNatalie CrockwellKim MillettGeorgianna WhiteDeborah Steinberg, PhDVirginia Institute ofMarine ScienceWolfgang Sterrer, PhDBermuda Aquarium,Natural History Museum& ZooResearch TechniciansMargaret BestNicolas BrucherNathan BuckLucy BuxtonKelly Carbery, JrDebra CloughertyAndrew CogswellSamantha de PutronPaul FarringtonRisk Prediction InitiativeScience Program ManagerRichard Murnane, PhDScience Liaison andOperations ManagerSusan HowardScience Communicationsand Web TechnicianCharles KingMarine OperationsScience CoordinatorNicholas R Bates, PhDMarine SuperintendentLee BlackMarine OperationsCoordinatorsPauline GambleElizabeth PedroMarine TechniciansJames CaisonLee EllettR/V Weatherbird IICaptainsEdward DoyleBruce CollinsMateJohn CainChief EngineerTommy JonesBrian FredinClaudia HohnRodney JohnsonPaul LethabyVivienne LochheadJan LockeDaniela MalandruccoloJulian MitchellKeven NeelyRachel ParsonsKaren PatersonAnne-Christine PequignetMegan RoadmanMatthew StrongChristina van HilstGraham WebsterSandra ZielkeDevelopmentDirector of DevelopmentPatrick HaganDevelopment OfficerAudrey PopePublic Relations OfficerAlison ShadboltDevelopment AssociatesAnne KermodeJean Trapido-RosenthalAssistant EngineersMichael RiordanCory MelendySeamenRobert BurkeBrett CollinsPatrick HarteryShip’s CooksJustin DooleyIan GrantElizabeth PedroLeslie WeissRelief OfficerLee BlackSmall Boats & DivingDiving Officer/SmallBoats SupervisorDeborah MoranCaptainAlfred Smith

The Staff of the Bermuda Biological Station for Research2002

Bermuda Biological Stationfor Research, Inc.17 Biological LaneSt. George’s GE 01BermudaTel: (441) 297-1880Fax: (441) 297-81431025 Westchester AvenueWhite Plains, NY 10604U.S.A.Tel: (914) 946-2400Fax: (914) 946-9474www.bbsr.edu

ANNUAL FUND MEMBERSHIP REPLY FORMAnnual Fund Leadership CategoriesAssociate Members (individuals) and Corporate Investors (businesses)Associate Members (individuals)Redfield Society($50,000 or more)Conklin Society ($25,000-$49,999)E. L. Mark Society ($10,000-$24,999)Beebe Society ($5,000-$9,999)Iselin Society ($2,500-$4,999)Corporate Investors (businesses)BBSR Fellows ($1,000-$2,499) Executive Council ($1,000-$2,499)Patrons ($500-$999) Corporate Council ($500-$999)Sustaining Associate Member ($250-$499) Corporate Sponsor ($250-$499)Centennial Associate Member ($100-$249) Centennial Investor ($100-$249)Contributing Associate Member ($50-$99)Lifelong Giving RecognitionIn BBSR’s centennial year, it has established lifelong giving categories to recognize the individuals, families, corporations, and privatefoundations that have made total leadership commitments over time to BBSR since 1903:First Century Society($100,000 or more)Second Century Society ($200,000 or more)Millennium Society($1 million or more)I wish to support the Annual Fund at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research. Enclosed is my gift of $ .I wish my gift to be directed toward research education facilities wherever support is most urgently required.PAYMENT OPTIONS:Check (payable to Bermuda Biological Station for Research) • Online at www.bbsr.edu • Credit Card MasterCard Visa:Card #:Expiration date:Cardholder Name:Signature:I prefer to make a gift of (amount) on (date/s).Please send me a reminder on .My company will match my gift. I have enclosed a matching gift form from(company name).CONTACT INFORMATION:Name/Company Name:Contact Name and Title:Address:City/Parish:State: Postal Code: Telephone: (home) (work)Fax:E-mail:DONOR INFORMATION:Donor name/s for BBSR Honor Roll of Donors:or I wish to remain anonymous. Please send me information about including BBSR in my will.BBSR is a U.S. 501(c)(3) charitable organization and Bermuda Registered Charity. Gifts are deductible for U.S. taxpayers.Fax completed form to 441-297-2820 or mail to: Development Office, Bermuda Biological Station for ResearchFerry Reach, St. George’s GE 01Bermuda