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42 DRC / DANISH REFUGEE COUNCILSECTION III: Implementing cash-based programmes in theKIS?The choice of a form of implementation depends on the objectives of the programme. This iscommon to all types of programme – whether cash or in-kind – and ensures the intervention is anincentive compatible with the intended outcomes of the programme.As underlined by previous studies and confirmed by findings from the present research, with 81% ofrespondents corresponding to EVI criteria, the situation of IDPs living in KIS is one of general povertyand high vulnerability. Realistic objectives will therefore need to be framed accordingly: high levels ofvulnerability, multiple discrimination and lack of recognition of their right to settle prevent KISinhabitants from escaping spirals of poverty and indebtedness. All these factors of vulnerability areinterrelated and impact on the general livelihood situation of poor households living in the KIS. Hencethe need for simple and clear objectives, tailored to the needs identified.Given objectives are clear and the programme is planned accordingly, the potential advantage ofcash-based approaches is they potentially allow linking relief and recovery by alleviating short-termpoverty through allowing people to address their direct needs, while incentivizing families to invest inlonger-term activities and human capital impacting on their livelihoods. As outlined in the table above,this can be considered through a combination of forms of assistance, with in-kind providing forimmediate basic needs (food and fuel), and cash grants allowing households to address other urgentneeds (repayment of debts, health) or invest their resources in a longer-term perspective (humancapital).In DRC’s perspective of promoting livelihoods in KIS, a range of objectives can be considered topermit households to break the cycle of indebtedness, and eventually attain higher living standardsand secure livelihoods:Table 6: Cash transfer, a relief and recovery instrument?ObjectiveReliefIncreasing food consumptionImproving access to heatingcommoditiesPreventing distress coping mechanismsdamaging health and livelihoodsRecoveryUpgrading skillsBehavioural changes: higher investmentin human capital.Facilitating investment in productiveactivitiesCash modalityCombination of cash grants and in-kind.Vouchers.Combination of cash grants and in-kind.Cash for trainingConditional cash transfers for preventivehealth visits or school attendance.Cash for trainingConditional cash transfers forcommodities.“Cash is a means for an end; we first have to know what the money is intended for. If the objectivesare well defined, then cash can be very useful” – Cash Learning Coordinator – NRC“There’s an element of impacting on traditional coping mechanisms. There are things they could doanyway as a community initiative. If organizations come and pay for this, they wait for organizationsto come, and we need to avoid that” – ACF