1995 NPTS Databook - National Household Travel Survey - Oak ...

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INTRODUCTION1. Use of a written diary as a memory joggerfor travel on a specific day. In the pretestconducted in 1994 for the 1995 NPTS, awritten diary was compared to theretrospective, or recall, method. The diarymethod averaged 0.5 trips more per personper day than the retrospective method. 22. The household roster of trips, whichmaintained a list of trips for householdmembers who had already beeninterviewed for comparison with responsesfrom other household respondents.3. The $2.00 incentive that was sent with eachtravel diary. This may have made therespondents feel obligated to record andreport all of their travel.4. Use of an advance letter to notify potentialrespondents that they would be recruitedfor the survey. We believe that theadvance letter added legitimacy to thetelephone recruitment, which contributed tohigher quality data. The effect of theadvance letter on the travel data cannot bemeasured quantitatively.5. Confirmation of “no travel” to distinguishfrom “soft refusals.” The proportion ofpersons who said they made no trips on theassigned travel day was approximately 12percent in 1995, compared to about 25percent in 1990. 3The survey was conducted by telephone, usinga computer-assisted telephone interviewingsystem (CATI). The advantages of CATI forthe NPTS are that it• allows for a certain amount of on-linechecking for data consistency (e.g., therespondent says that she made a trip in thepickup truck she owns; however, there is nopickup truck recorded as a householdvehicle for this household);• allows a number of edits, such as rangechecks, to be performed while the interviewis in progress, thereby giving the interviewerthe opportunity to correct problems whilestill on the phone with the respondent.Households included in the NPTS sample wereidentified by random-digit-dialing procedures.Of more than 112,000 randomly selectedtelephone numbers, a total of 82,663 householdswere eligible to be included in the sample. Ofthese eligible households, 58,276 accepted atravel diary. From these, a total of 42,033household interviews were completed.A set of basic information on demographics,household composition, household vehicles,availability of public transportation, householdlocation, and household income was firstobtained to provide a general profile ofAmerican households. Data were then collectedfrom each person, including education, driverinformation, typical travel activities, and accidentexperience, as well as data on all travel duringthe sampled day. From 103,466 eligiblehousehold residents, 95,360 personal interviewswere completed, for a within-householdresponse rate of 92 percent.• allows the interviewers to enter data as therespondent is speaking;1-22 “PlanTrans,” Draft report on NPTS PretestMethods, Spring 1997.3 1995 NPTS User’s Guide for the PublicData Files, pp. 3-25 to 3-26.Because longer trips are a rare event, the NPTSsurvey sponsors decided that trip data on a onedaysample would not be sufficient to adequatelyrepresent longer trips (defined in the NPTS astrips of 75 miles or more one way). Therefore,the recall period for longer trips was extended totwo weeks and was referred to as the travelperiod.NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY
As in the previous surveys, in the 1995 surveyeveryone 14 years or older in the householdwas asked to report detailed information, suchas mode and purpose, on every trip takenduring the sampled day. This designated daywas referred to as the travel day.Questions about trips taken by householdmembers between the ages of 5 and 13 wereanswered by an adult household memberserving as a proxy, or substitute, for therespondent. However, unlike the NPTSsurveys prior to 1990, proxy interviews wereallowed in the 1990 and 1995 surveys forhousehold members 14 years or older undercertain circumstances: if the person was(1) unable to be interviewed due to animpairment or language barrier; (2) unavailableduring the entire period allowed for interviewingthe household; or (3) not contacted forinterview after repeated attempts. Proxyinterviews for persons 14 or older occurred inapproximately 18 percent of the cases in the1995 survey.1.3 DATA EDITING PROCEDURESA number of quality control measures wereused during data collection. As described inthe user’s guide, several variables were editedin real-time during the NPTS interviews. Theon-line edit checks notified the interviewers of apossible discrepancy and allowed them anopportunity to correct an entry or other errors.For example, the combination of trip length andtime reported in the travel day section werechecked against pre-programmed miles perhour ranges for most modes of travel. Reportedages for sampled persons in the personinterview were checked for consistency withthe ages and relationships reported by thehousehold’s reference person. Reported zipcodes were checked against pre-entered lists ofvalid codes. 4Post-processing edits were also performed onall files (e.g., household, person, travel day). Amore detailed description of the sample designand survey procedures is available in the 1995NPTS User’s Guide for the Public DataFiles.1.4 DIFFERENCES AMONG NPTSSURVEYS AND DATACOMPATIBILITYChanges in travel behavior and characteristicscan be determined by comparing NPTS datafor all five survey years: 1969, 1977, 1983,1990, and 1995. However, to properlycompare NPTS data over time, differences insurvey methodology and terminology must beclearly identified and evaluated. Unfortunately,changes in travel that may actually be a result ofdifferences in methodology and terminologycannot be quantified without further detailedanalysis.The main differences in methodology andterminology between the 1990 and 1995NPTS and earlier surveys can be summarizedas follows:• The 1990 and 1995 surveys weretelephone surveys, while the earlier surveysused in-person home interviews. Limitingthe sample framework to households withData Files, p. 3-10.4 1995 NPTS User’s Guide for the PublicINTRODUCTIONNATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY 1-3
Page 1 and 2: ORNL/TM-2001/248U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCT
Page 5 and 6: APPENDICESAppendix A Travel Concept
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1INTRODUCTIONN
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESDISTINCTION BETWEEN
Page 11: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONPOLICYMAKERS r
Page 15 and 16: public’s opinion of transportatio
Page 17 and 18: there is no way of knowing which tr
Page 19 and 20: percent of total VMT; travel period
Page 21 and 22: • Chapter 8 presents data on the
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2ESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVEL2
Page 25 and 26: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 2.1 TRAVEL SUMM
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2ESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVELE
Page 29 and 30: was acquired. Thus, an annual estim
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.1 provides summary statisti
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2.2TOTAL PERSON MILES OF TRAV
Page 35 and 36: The distribution of travel by data
Page 37 and 38: Nearly 80% of all travel was report
Page 39 and 40: TABLE 2.6TOTAL PERSON MILES OF TRAV
Page 41 and 42: TABLE 2.7TOTAL VEHICLE MILES OF TRA
Page 43 and 44: In 1995, most household transportat
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3DETERMINANTS OF TRAVEL3DET
Page 49 and 50: 1995 VEHICLES BY VEHICLE TYPE(THOUS
Page 51 and 52: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 3.1TABLE 3.2TAB
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 3.DETERMINANTS OF TRAVELTRA
Page 55 and 56: Dramatic changes in demographics an
Page 57 and 58: FIGURE 3.1CHANGES IN SUMMARY DEMOGR
Page 59 and 60: Table 3.2 shows that the population
Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 3.4DISTRIBUTION OF DRIVER’
Page 63 and 64:
The percentage of both males and fe
Page 65 and 66:
Between 1969 and 1995, the average
Page 67 and 68:
Employment status influences the av
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TABLE 3.8NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY HO
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TABLE 3.9DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
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The number of vehicles per househol
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FIGURE 3.10DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOL
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Figure 3.11 shows the share of hous
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In 1995, the average mileage driven
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CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
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CHAPTER 4PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MI
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1995 PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MILES
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TABLE 4.21TABLE 4.22TABLE 4.23TABLE
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CHAPTER 4PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MI
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According to Public Transit in Amer
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FIGURE 4.1SUMMARY OF NATIONAL TRAVE
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Both males and females increased th
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The number of average daily person
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FIGURE 4.3AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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FIGURE 4.4AVERAGE PERSON TRIP LENGT
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TABLE 4.7NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS BY
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TABLE 4.8AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRAVE
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TABLE 4.9NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS TAK
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TABLE 4.11NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS TA
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FIGURE 4.6PERCENTAGE OF PERSON TRIP
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TABLE 4.14AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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In 1995, most households were compr
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Figure 4.9 and Table 4.16 illustrat
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TABLE 4.18AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BY 19
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TABLE 4.20AVERAGE PERSON TRIP LENGT
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TABLE 4.21STATISTICS ON SEGMENTED P
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FIGURE 4.10STATISTICS ON SEGMENTED
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TABLE 4.23STATISTICS ON DAILY PERSO
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FIGURE 4.11STATISTICS ON DAILY PERS
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FIGURE 4.12DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON T
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TABLE 4.28NUMBER OF PERSON MILES OF
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Tables 4.31-4.34 provide day-of-wee
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FIGURE 4.14DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON T
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TABLE 4.35NUMBER OF WEEKEND PERSON
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Chapter 5Vehicle Trips and Vehicle
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List of TablesTABLE 5.1 STATISTICS
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CHAPTER 5VEHICLE TRIPS AND VEHICLE
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5.3 TRIP CHARACTERISTICSHousehold v
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TABLE 5.1STATISTICS ON VEHICLE TRAV
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TABLE 5.2NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS BY
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FIGURE 5.2DISTRIBUTION OF VEHICLE T
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TABLE 5.4NUMBER OF VEHICLE MILES OF
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Tables 5.6 and 5.7 show the length
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TABLE 5.7AVERAGE TIME (MINUTES) SPE
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Individuals 65 years of age and ove
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TABLE 5.10ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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FIGURE 5.5ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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NATIONAL PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SU
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FIGURE 5.6ANNUAL VEHICLE TRIPS PER
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NATIONAL PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SU
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As shown in Table 5.17, the greates
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FIGURE 5.8AVERAGE VEHICLE TRIP LENG
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TABLE 5.19NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS A
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TABLE 5.21NUMBER OF WEEKEND VEHICLE
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On any day of the week, individuals
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Most trips were taken between 9 a.m
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CHAPTER 6JOURNEY TO WORK AND WORK-R
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1995 JOURNEY TO WORK PERSON TRIPS A
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LIST OF TABLESSUMMARY STATISTICS ON
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CHAPTER 6JOURNEY TO WORK AND WORK-R
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made as the driver of an automobile
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FIGURE 6.2SUMMARY STATISTICS ON JOU
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FIGURE 6.3DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS B
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Between 1990 and 1995, the number o
Page 209 and 210:
Traffic congestion is typically a m
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FIGURE 6.5NUMBER OF COMMUTE TRIPS P
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Workers designated as living in a S
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TABLE 6.9STATISTICS ON JOURNEY TO W
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The automobile was used for over 60
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FIGURE 6.7DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNEY T
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TABLE 6.12STATISTICS ON WORK-RELATE
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TABLE 6.13JOURNEY TO WORK PERSON TR
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TABLE 6.14DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNEY T
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TABLE 6.16NUMBER OF SEGMENTED JOURN
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TABLE 6.18NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS (M
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CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
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CHAPTER 7VEHICLE OCCUPANCY AND RIDE
Page 235 and 236:
1995 VEHICLE TRIPS BY VEHICLE TYPE
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LIST OF TABLESTABLE 7.1 AVERAGE VEH
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CHAPTER 7VEHICLE OCCUPANCY AND RIDE
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Between 1977 and 1995, the average
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FIGURE 7.1AVERAGE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY
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As shown in Table 7.3, excluding th
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Household characteristics affect ve
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As shown in Table 7.5, households w
Page 251 and 252:
Table 7.6 shows that the highest av
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As noted in Table 7.1, the lowest i
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On the average, commute vehicle occ
Page 257 and 258:
CHAPTER 8TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF POPULAT
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LIST OF TABLESTABLE 8.1 PERSON TRAV
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CHAPTER 8TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF POPULAT
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As the baby boom generation approac
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FIGURE 8.1A COMPARISON OF PERSONAL
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FIGURE 8.2COMPARISON OF PERSON MILE
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The elderly generally either took s
Page 271 and 272:
Tables 8.6-8.8 and Figures 8.3-8.6
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In 1995, employed women averaged ta
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FIGURE 8.5AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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TABLE 8.9PERSON TRAVEL STATISTICS F
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FIGURE 8.7DISTRIBUTION OF AVERAGE A
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TABLE 8.12AVERAGE ANNUAL PERSON TRI
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Page 285 and 286:
TABLE 8.16PMT PER PERSON FOR PUBLIC
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APPENDIX ATRAVEL CONCEPTS AND GLOSS
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APPENDIX A.TRAVEL CONCEPTS AND GLOS
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GLOSSARY OF TERMSThis glossary prov
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Van A privately owned and/or operat
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50,000. In addition, contiguous cou
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SCHOOL OR CHURCHSchool/Church This
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WeekendWorkerWeekend is defined as
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Appendix BChanges in the 1995 NPTS
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APPENDIX B.CHANGES IN THE 1995 NPTS
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APPENDIX CWEIGHT CALCULATIONSCWEIGH
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APPENDIX C. WEIGHT CALCULATIONS 1WE
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APPENDIX DSTANDARD ERROR TABLESDSTA
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APPENDIX DSTANDARD ERROR TABLESTHE
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TABLE 4.5AVERAGE PMT PER PERSON BY
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Page 317 and 318:
TABLE 5.10Annual Vehicle Miles of T
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TABLE 5.14ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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TABLE 7.4NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS BY
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TABLE 8.8DAILY PMT PER PERSON FOR W
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Page 327 and 328:
Appendix EADJUSTMENT OF 1990 TRAVEL
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APPENDIX E.ADJUSTMENT OF 1990 TRAVE
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TABLE E.1ANNUAL PERSON TRIPS PER PE
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TABLE E.2ESTIMATED TRAVEL CHANGES F
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TABLE E.4TABLE 4. 1990 TRAVEL DATA
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APPENDIX FDIFFERENCES IN WORKERS AN
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Appendix F.Differences in Workers a
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TABLE F.2NUMBER OF WORKERS (IN 000)
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indicating that part of the differe
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TABLE F.4PERCENT OF NON-WORKERS COM
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APPENDIX GDIFFERENCES IN METROPOLIT
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APPENDIX G.DIFFERENCES IN METROPOLI
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APPENDIX HSEGMENTED TRIPS IN NPTSHS
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APPENDIX H.SEGMENTED TRIPS IN NPTSW
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APPENDIX IREVISED AVERAGE ANNUAL MI
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APPENDIX I.REVISED AVERAGE ANNUAL M
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APPENDIX JPROCEDURE TO ADJUST 1983
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APPENDIX JESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVEL
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TABLE J.2NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND T
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FIGURE J.1FITTED POLYNOMIAL CURVE A
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TABLE J.3REVISED 1990 INCOME CATEGO
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