1995 NPTS Databook - National Household Travel Survey - Oak ...

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INTRODUCTIONa 24-hour period. This reporting provides dataon the types of trips made on a daily basis, suchas trips to work, to stores, running errands, andvisiting friends. Because most people make outof-towntrips less frequently, respondents areasked to report any long trips (defined as 75miles or more one way) for a 2-week period.This is known as the travel period and includesthe travel day as well as the preceding 13 days(Figure 1.2).FIGURE 1.2DISTINCTION BETWEEN TRAVEL DAY ANDTRAVEL PERIODChapter 2 contains a more completedescription of travel day and travel period dataand presents the estimates of travel generatedfrom each. The purpose of this discussion is toalert the reader that the great majority of tablesin this Databook are based on travel day dataonly. Thus, the longer trips are not fullyrepresented in those tables. See Chapter 2,“Estimates of Total Travel,” for moreinformation on combined estimates from travelday and travel period data.Commercial Driving is not the focus of theNPTS. The purpose of NPTS is to obtain aprofile of personal travel as opposed tocommercial travel. For NPTS purposes,personal travel is defined as travel made for allpurposes except• driving a commercial vehicle, such as a bus,airplane, or train;• driving a car or truck when deliveringgoods or passengers for hire;• working at a job that involves too muchdriving to report on a trip-by-trip basis(e.g., a police officer on patrol duty).These types of driving are considered“commercial driving” in the NPTS and are notincluded in travel day or travel period estimatesbecause a significant burden would have beenplaced on the respondent to report detailedinformation on each such trip. Instead,respondents were asked to provide separateestimates of the number of miles driven in atypical day and the number of days per weekthat commercial driving was done. Becausecommercial driving is not included in travel dayor travel period sections, there are consistentdifferences between NPTS data from travelday and travel period sections and data fromother sources, particularly traffic count data.The reader should note that it is beyond thescope of the NPTS project to obtain a fullyrepresentative sample of commercial driversand/or commercial driving. It is highly likely thatthe estimate of commercial driving in the NPTSis underestimated.Estimates of Total Travel, as provided inChapter 2, include an estimate of total travelfrom all three sections combined — travel day,travel period, and commercial driving sections.When data from all three sources arecombined, travel day trips account for 80.61-8NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY
percent of total VMT; travel period trips for15.7 percent; and commercial travel for 3.7percent. As discussed in Chapter 2, combiningdata from travel day with data from travelperiod is not straightforward and one shouldnot add the number of trips reported in thetravel day section to those reported in the travelperiod section, as the definition of a “trip” wasnot the same in the two sections.1.7 DATA CONSIDERATIONSData considerations in comparing 1995 dataand earlier survey data are carefully describedin the 1995 report series. Nevertheless, tomaintain the self-contained nature of this report,pertinent data considerations are repeated here.Also included are data considerations regardingthe 1995 survey that users of this publicationare advised to bear in mind when using orcomparing data from different NPTS surveys.Workers“Workers” in this survey series include parttimeworkers. For consistency, 1977 data havebeen revised to include part-time workers, andtherefore differ from those reported in the 1977report series.Number of drivers per householdA total of 42,033 households completedinterviews in 1995. However, in 6,119households, not all members were interviewed.The impact of not interviewing all householdmembers is that not all licensed drivers wereenumerated in the survey; thus, the number oflicensed drivers on a per household basis ismisleading and is not reported in thispublication. However, weighting factors at theindividual level were developed to take thisnonresponse into account; thus, the statistics onthe total number of licensed drivers are valid.Number of persons by householdcompositionIn this publication, the number of one-personhouseholds does not equal the total number ofpersons in one-person households becausedifferent weighting schemes were used todevelop the weighting factors at the householdlevel and at the person level.IncomeHistorically, income information was collectedby income categories, and these categoriesvaried from one survey to the next. To groupincome categories into consistent categoriesbetween surveys and to accurately reflectinflation, a mathematical procedure wasdeveloped to aggregate income categories andcompare 1990 and 1995 data by incomecategory. This procedure is described inAppendix J.Work tripsQuestions on the journey to work were askedin two different sections of the 1995questionnaire. In one section the respondentwas asked about the typical or usual trip towork during the week preceding the interview.In that section, only information on the modesthat were usually used for work trips and themode used for the longest distance wereidentified. In the travel day section, moreinformation was collected on work trips thatactually occurred during the designatedsampled day (travel day), such as trip duration,trip length, and travel modes used. The statisticson work trips in this report were primarilybased on data in the travel day section. Anytabulations from the usual work trip section areso identified.Segmented tripsCertain trips reported in the travel day sectionwere given “segmented” treatment (broken intocomponents) to get improved data on transitINTRODUCTIONNATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY 1-9
Page 1 and 2: ORNL/TM-2001/248U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCT
Page 5 and 6: APPENDICESAppendix A Travel Concept
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1INTRODUCTIONN
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESDISTINCTION BETWEEN
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONPOLICYMAKERS r
Page 13 and 14: As in the previous surveys, in the
Page 15 and 16: public’s opinion of transportatio
Page 17: there is no way of knowing which tr
Page 21 and 22: • Chapter 8 presents data on the
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2ESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVEL2
Page 25 and 26: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 2.1 TRAVEL SUMM
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2ESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVELE
Page 29 and 30: was acquired. Thus, an annual estim
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.1 provides summary statisti
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2.2TOTAL PERSON MILES OF TRAV
Page 35 and 36: The distribution of travel by data
Page 37 and 38: Nearly 80% of all travel was report
Page 39 and 40: TABLE 2.6TOTAL PERSON MILES OF TRAV
Page 41 and 42: TABLE 2.7TOTAL VEHICLE MILES OF TRA
Page 43 and 44: In 1995, most household transportat
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3DETERMINANTS OF TRAVEL3DET
Page 49 and 50: 1995 VEHICLES BY VEHICLE TYPE(THOUS
Page 51 and 52: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 3.1TABLE 3.2TAB
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 3.DETERMINANTS OF TRAVELTRA
Page 55 and 56: Dramatic changes in demographics an
Page 57 and 58: FIGURE 3.1CHANGES IN SUMMARY DEMOGR
Page 59 and 60: Table 3.2 shows that the population
Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 3.4DISTRIBUTION OF DRIVER’
Page 63 and 64: The percentage of both males and fe
Page 65 and 66: Between 1969 and 1995, the average
Page 67 and 68: Employment status influences the av
Page 69 and 70:
TABLE 3.8NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY HO
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 3.9DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
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The number of vehicles per househol
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FIGURE 3.10DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOL
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Figure 3.11 shows the share of hous
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In 1995, the average mileage driven
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CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
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CHAPTER 4PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MI
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1995 PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MILES
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TABLE 4.21TABLE 4.22TABLE 4.23TABLE
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CHAPTER 4PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MI
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According to Public Transit in Amer
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FIGURE 4.1SUMMARY OF NATIONAL TRAVE
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Both males and females increased th
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The number of average daily person
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FIGURE 4.3AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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FIGURE 4.4AVERAGE PERSON TRIP LENGT
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TABLE 4.7NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS BY
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TABLE 4.8AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRAVE
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TABLE 4.9NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS TAK
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TABLE 4.11NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS TA
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FIGURE 4.6PERCENTAGE OF PERSON TRIP
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TABLE 4.14AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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In 1995, most households were compr
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Figure 4.9 and Table 4.16 illustrat
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TABLE 4.18AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BY 19
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TABLE 4.20AVERAGE PERSON TRIP LENGT
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TABLE 4.21STATISTICS ON SEGMENTED P
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FIGURE 4.10STATISTICS ON SEGMENTED
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TABLE 4.23STATISTICS ON DAILY PERSO
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FIGURE 4.11STATISTICS ON DAILY PERS
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FIGURE 4.12DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON T
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TABLE 4.28NUMBER OF PERSON MILES OF
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Tables 4.31-4.34 provide day-of-wee
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FIGURE 4.14DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON T
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TABLE 4.35NUMBER OF WEEKEND PERSON
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Chapter 5Vehicle Trips and Vehicle
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List of TablesTABLE 5.1 STATISTICS
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CHAPTER 5VEHICLE TRIPS AND VEHICLE
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5.3 TRIP CHARACTERISTICSHousehold v
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TABLE 5.1STATISTICS ON VEHICLE TRAV
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TABLE 5.2NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS BY
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FIGURE 5.2DISTRIBUTION OF VEHICLE T
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TABLE 5.4NUMBER OF VEHICLE MILES OF
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Tables 5.6 and 5.7 show the length
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TABLE 5.7AVERAGE TIME (MINUTES) SPE
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Individuals 65 years of age and ove
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TABLE 5.10ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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FIGURE 5.5ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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NATIONAL PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SU
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FIGURE 5.6ANNUAL VEHICLE TRIPS PER
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NATIONAL PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SU
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As shown in Table 5.17, the greates
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FIGURE 5.8AVERAGE VEHICLE TRIP LENG
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TABLE 5.19NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS A
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TABLE 5.21NUMBER OF WEEKEND VEHICLE
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On any day of the week, individuals
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Most trips were taken between 9 a.m
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CHAPTER 6JOURNEY TO WORK AND WORK-R
Page 195 and 196:
1995 JOURNEY TO WORK PERSON TRIPS A
Page 197 and 198:
LIST OF TABLESSUMMARY STATISTICS ON
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CHAPTER 6JOURNEY TO WORK AND WORK-R
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made as the driver of an automobile
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FIGURE 6.2SUMMARY STATISTICS ON JOU
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FIGURE 6.3DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS B
Page 207 and 208:
Between 1990 and 1995, the number o
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Traffic congestion is typically a m
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FIGURE 6.5NUMBER OF COMMUTE TRIPS P
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Workers designated as living in a S
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TABLE 6.9STATISTICS ON JOURNEY TO W
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The automobile was used for over 60
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FIGURE 6.7DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNEY T
Page 221 and 222:
TABLE 6.12STATISTICS ON WORK-RELATE
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TABLE 6.13JOURNEY TO WORK PERSON TR
Page 225 and 226:
TABLE 6.14DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNEY T
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TABLE 6.16NUMBER OF SEGMENTED JOURN
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TABLE 6.18NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS (M
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CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
Page 233 and 234:
CHAPTER 7VEHICLE OCCUPANCY AND RIDE
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1995 VEHICLE TRIPS BY VEHICLE TYPE
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LIST OF TABLESTABLE 7.1 AVERAGE VEH
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CHAPTER 7VEHICLE OCCUPANCY AND RIDE
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Between 1977 and 1995, the average
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FIGURE 7.1AVERAGE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY
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As shown in Table 7.3, excluding th
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Household characteristics affect ve
Page 249 and 250:
As shown in Table 7.5, households w
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Table 7.6 shows that the highest av
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As noted in Table 7.1, the lowest i
Page 255 and 256:
On the average, commute vehicle occ
Page 257 and 258:
CHAPTER 8TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF POPULAT
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LIST OF TABLESTABLE 8.1 PERSON TRAV
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CHAPTER 8TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF POPULAT
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As the baby boom generation approac
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FIGURE 8.1A COMPARISON OF PERSONAL
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FIGURE 8.2COMPARISON OF PERSON MILE
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The elderly generally either took s
Page 271 and 272:
Tables 8.6-8.8 and Figures 8.3-8.6
Page 273 and 274:
In 1995, employed women averaged ta
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FIGURE 8.5AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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TABLE 8.9PERSON TRAVEL STATISTICS F
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FIGURE 8.7DISTRIBUTION OF AVERAGE A
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TABLE 8.12AVERAGE ANNUAL PERSON TRI
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Page 285 and 286:
TABLE 8.16PMT PER PERSON FOR PUBLIC
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APPENDIX ATRAVEL CONCEPTS AND GLOSS
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APPENDIX A.TRAVEL CONCEPTS AND GLOS
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GLOSSARY OF TERMSThis glossary prov
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Van A privately owned and/or operat
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50,000. In addition, contiguous cou
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SCHOOL OR CHURCHSchool/Church This
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WeekendWorkerWeekend is defined as
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Appendix BChanges in the 1995 NPTS
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APPENDIX B.CHANGES IN THE 1995 NPTS
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APPENDIX CWEIGHT CALCULATIONSCWEIGH
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APPENDIX C. WEIGHT CALCULATIONS 1WE
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APPENDIX DSTANDARD ERROR TABLESDSTA
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APPENDIX DSTANDARD ERROR TABLESTHE
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TABLE 4.5AVERAGE PMT PER PERSON BY
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Page 317 and 318:
TABLE 5.10Annual Vehicle Miles of T
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TABLE 5.14ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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TABLE 7.4NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS BY
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TABLE 8.8DAILY PMT PER PERSON FOR W
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Page 327 and 328:
Appendix EADJUSTMENT OF 1990 TRAVEL
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APPENDIX E.ADJUSTMENT OF 1990 TRAVE
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TABLE E.1ANNUAL PERSON TRIPS PER PE
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TABLE E.2ESTIMATED TRAVEL CHANGES F
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TABLE E.4TABLE 4. 1990 TRAVEL DATA
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APPENDIX FDIFFERENCES IN WORKERS AN
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Appendix F.Differences in Workers a
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TABLE F.2NUMBER OF WORKERS (IN 000)
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indicating that part of the differe
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TABLE F.4PERCENT OF NON-WORKERS COM
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APPENDIX GDIFFERENCES IN METROPOLIT
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APPENDIX G.DIFFERENCES IN METROPOLI
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APPENDIX HSEGMENTED TRIPS IN NPTSHS
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APPENDIX H.SEGMENTED TRIPS IN NPTSW
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APPENDIX IREVISED AVERAGE ANNUAL MI
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APPENDIX I.REVISED AVERAGE ANNUAL M
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APPENDIX JPROCEDURE TO ADJUST 1983
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APPENDIX JESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVEL
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TABLE J.2NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND T
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FIGURE J.1FITTED POLYNOMIAL CURVE A
Page 367 and 368:
TABLE J.3REVISED 1990 INCOME CATEGO
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