1995 NPTS Databook - National Household Travel Survey - Oak ...

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characteristics of transit users or trip purpose,distance, travel time, or other trip attributesavailable from the NPTS. The basicNPTS/Section 15 comparisons for unlinkedtrips in 1995 are:NPTS Transit Trips (millions)Unlinked Linked RatioBus 5,744 4,541 1.26Rail/ Subway 2,636 2,097 1.26INTRODUCTIONUnlinked Transit Trips (millions)NPTSNPTSSect.as %15of Sect. 15Bus 5,744 4,579 125.4%Rail/Subway2,636 2,925 90.1%TotalTransit8,380 7,504 111.7%These comparisons show that NPTS datareport 8.38 billion unlinked transit trips, whileSection 15 data report 7.50 billion unlinkedtrips, for a difference of 900 million unlinkedtrips. A likely explanation for this difference isfound in the oversampling of areas that containpublic transit.This table uses unlinked transit trips as a basisof comparison because the Section 15 data arereported as unlinked trips. An unlinked trip isbasically defined as a boarding. For example,you take a bus and a subway to work; this isone linked trip and two unlinked trips (i.e., thebus boarding and the subway boarding). InNPTS, unlinked trips were collected only if oneportion of the trip was on transit. Thus theNPTS data for modes other than transit arepresented as linked trips. The data on persontrips in Chapters 4 and 6 of this Databook usesthe linked trips so that a comparable tripdefinition is used across modes.The following comparison of linked andunlinked transit trips in NPTS is provided toshow how the two relate:Total Transit 8,380 6,638 1.26Another issue regarding NPTS transit trips isthat there clearly appears to be confusion onthe part of the survey respondents betweencommuter rail and subway/elevated rail. Datafrom the 25 largest urbanized areas show thatmany trips were coded as commuter rail trips inan area where there was a subway/elevated railsystem, but no commuter rail, such as Atlantaor Cleveland. Additionally, in areas that hadboth commuter rail and subway/elevated rail,the NPTS data show considerably morecommuter rail trips than Section 15 andconsiderably fewer subway trips. This occurredmost notably in New York, which has asufficient proportion of the nation’s transit tripsto skew the national totals if subway/elevatedrail trips are misclassified as commuter rail.Because of this confusion between commuterrail and subway, the transit trip data arecategorized as:• Bus—which includes bus and streetcar, and• Rail/Subway—which includes commuterrail, subway, and elevated rail.Trips made by Amtrak are not considered tobe public transit trips and are included in the“Other Modes” category, rather than the“Rail/Subway” category.There is another distinction between Section 15and NPTS. In the 1995 NPTS, the onlylocational data known about the respondent ishis area of residence. In analyzing NPTS data,1-6NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY
there is no way of knowing which trips on thetravel day were outside of the area of therespondent’s residence. Therefore, all of therespondent’s travel is attributed to the place ofresidence. By contrast, the Section 15 data arecollected at the point of tripmaking and wouldreflect the actual location of the travel. There isno way to quantify the impact of this differencebetween the NPTS and Section 15 datasets.1.6 KEY NPTS DATA TERMSAppendix A of this Databook contains a fullglossary of terms used in this report; however,a few basic terms and concepts need to beintroduced before data are presented.Person Trip is used to describe and quantifytravel for all modes of transportation. Thedefinition of person trip—a trip by one personin any mode of transportation—is versatileenough to allow this measure to be applied toany mode. Unless otherwise specified, thetables on person trips contain all travel datacollected in the NPTS by all modes (privatevehicle, public transportation, walking, bicycle,airplane, etc.). A person trip is countedregardless of whether the person is a driver ora passenger. Two people traveling together inone car are counted as two person trips.NPTS reports, a trip must be made in a POVand the driver must be a member of ahousehold in the NPTS sample. The 1969survey was not constrained this way andincluded all vehicle trips reported by thesurveyed household, even those in which thedriver was not a household member. Althoughthere are vehicle trips made by modes otherthan POV, such as bus and streetcar, these areexcluded in the NPTS because the surveytraces individuals’ movements throughout aday, rather than vehicle movements. Thedistinction among person trip, person miles oftravel, vehicle trip, and vehicle miles of travel isbetter illustrated in Figure 1.1.FIGURE 1.1DISTINCTION BETWEEN PERSON TRIP,PERSON MILES OF TRAVEL, VEHICLE TRIP,AND VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVELINTRODUCTIONPerson Miles are the number of miles traveledby each person on a trip. A 3-mile vehicle tripmade by two people traveling together wouldcount as six person miles.Vehicle Trip is a trip by a single privatelyowned vehicle (POV), regardless of thenumber of persons in the vehicle. The tripdefined above (two people traveling together inone vehicle) would be considered one vehicletrip. To be counted as a vehicle trip in theTravel Day and Travel Period refer to twosections of the NPTS questionnaire designed tocomplement each other. In the travel daysection, the respondent is asked to report alltrips of any length by any mode of travel duringNATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY 1-7
Page 1 and 2: ORNL/TM-2001/248U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCT
Page 5 and 6: APPENDICESAppendix A Travel Concept
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1INTRODUCTIONN
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESDISTINCTION BETWEEN
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONPOLICYMAKERS r
Page 13 and 14: As in the previous surveys, in the
Page 15: public’s opinion of transportatio
Page 19 and 20: percent of total VMT; travel period
Page 21 and 22: • Chapter 8 presents data on the
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2ESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVEL2
Page 25 and 26: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 2.1 TRAVEL SUMM
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2ESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVELE
Page 29 and 30: was acquired. Thus, an annual estim
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.1 provides summary statisti
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2.2TOTAL PERSON MILES OF TRAV
Page 35 and 36: The distribution of travel by data
Page 37 and 38: Nearly 80% of all travel was report
Page 39 and 40: TABLE 2.6TOTAL PERSON MILES OF TRAV
Page 41 and 42: TABLE 2.7TOTAL VEHICLE MILES OF TRA
Page 43 and 44: In 1995, most household transportat
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3DETERMINANTS OF TRAVEL3DET
Page 49 and 50: 1995 VEHICLES BY VEHICLE TYPE(THOUS
Page 51 and 52: LIST OF TABLESTABLE 3.1TABLE 3.2TAB
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 3.DETERMINANTS OF TRAVELTRA
Page 55 and 56: Dramatic changes in demographics an
Page 57 and 58: FIGURE 3.1CHANGES IN SUMMARY DEMOGR
Page 59 and 60: Table 3.2 shows that the population
Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 3.4DISTRIBUTION OF DRIVER’
Page 63 and 64: The percentage of both males and fe
Page 65 and 66: Between 1969 and 1995, the average
Page 67 and 68:
Employment status influences the av
Page 69 and 70:
TABLE 3.8NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY HO
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 3.9DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
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The number of vehicles per househol
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FIGURE 3.10DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOL
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Figure 3.11 shows the share of hous
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In 1995, the average mileage driven
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CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
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CHAPTER 4PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MI
Page 85 and 86:
1995 PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MILES
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TABLE 4.21TABLE 4.22TABLE 4.23TABLE
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CHAPTER 4PERSON TRIPS AND PERSON MI
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According to Public Transit in Amer
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FIGURE 4.1SUMMARY OF NATIONAL TRAVE
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Both males and females increased th
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The number of average daily person
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FIGURE 4.3AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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FIGURE 4.4AVERAGE PERSON TRIP LENGT
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TABLE 4.7NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS BY
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TABLE 4.8AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRAVE
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TABLE 4.9NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS TAK
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TABLE 4.11NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS TA
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FIGURE 4.6PERCENTAGE OF PERSON TRIP
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TABLE 4.14AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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In 1995, most households were compr
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Figure 4.9 and Table 4.16 illustrat
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TABLE 4.18AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH BY 19
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TABLE 4.20AVERAGE PERSON TRIP LENGT
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TABLE 4.21STATISTICS ON SEGMENTED P
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FIGURE 4.10STATISTICS ON SEGMENTED
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TABLE 4.23STATISTICS ON DAILY PERSO
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FIGURE 4.11STATISTICS ON DAILY PERS
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FIGURE 4.12DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON T
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Page 137 and 138:
TABLE 4.28NUMBER OF PERSON MILES OF
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Tables 4.31-4.34 provide day-of-wee
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FIGURE 4.14DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON T
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TABLE 4.35NUMBER OF WEEKEND PERSON
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Chapter 5Vehicle Trips and Vehicle
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List of TablesTABLE 5.1 STATISTICS
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CHAPTER 5VEHICLE TRIPS AND VEHICLE
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5.3 TRIP CHARACTERISTICSHousehold v
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TABLE 5.1STATISTICS ON VEHICLE TRAV
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TABLE 5.2NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS BY
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FIGURE 5.2DISTRIBUTION OF VEHICLE T
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TABLE 5.4NUMBER OF VEHICLE MILES OF
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Tables 5.6 and 5.7 show the length
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TABLE 5.7AVERAGE TIME (MINUTES) SPE
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Individuals 65 years of age and ove
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TABLE 5.10ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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FIGURE 5.5ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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NATIONAL PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SU
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FIGURE 5.6ANNUAL VEHICLE TRIPS PER
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NATIONAL PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SU
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As shown in Table 5.17, the greates
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FIGURE 5.8AVERAGE VEHICLE TRIP LENG
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TABLE 5.19NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS A
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TABLE 5.21NUMBER OF WEEKEND VEHICLE
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On any day of the week, individuals
Page 191 and 192:
Most trips were taken between 9 a.m
Page 193 and 194:
CHAPTER 6JOURNEY TO WORK AND WORK-R
Page 195 and 196:
1995 JOURNEY TO WORK PERSON TRIPS A
Page 197 and 198:
LIST OF TABLESSUMMARY STATISTICS ON
Page 199 and 200:
CHAPTER 6JOURNEY TO WORK AND WORK-R
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made as the driver of an automobile
Page 203 and 204:
FIGURE 6.2SUMMARY STATISTICS ON JOU
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FIGURE 6.3DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS B
Page 207 and 208:
Between 1990 and 1995, the number o
Page 209 and 210:
Traffic congestion is typically a m
Page 211 and 212:
FIGURE 6.5NUMBER OF COMMUTE TRIPS P
Page 213 and 214:
Workers designated as living in a S
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TABLE 6.9STATISTICS ON JOURNEY TO W
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The automobile was used for over 60
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FIGURE 6.7DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNEY T
Page 221 and 222:
TABLE 6.12STATISTICS ON WORK-RELATE
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TABLE 6.13JOURNEY TO WORK PERSON TR
Page 225 and 226:
TABLE 6.14DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNEY T
Page 227 and 228:
TABLE 6.16NUMBER OF SEGMENTED JOURN
Page 229 and 230:
TABLE 6.18NUMBER OF PERSON TRIPS (M
Page 231 and 232:
CHAPTER 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2Total
Page 233 and 234:
CHAPTER 7VEHICLE OCCUPANCY AND RIDE
Page 235 and 236:
1995 VEHICLE TRIPS BY VEHICLE TYPE
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LIST OF TABLESTABLE 7.1 AVERAGE VEH
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CHAPTER 7VEHICLE OCCUPANCY AND RIDE
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Between 1977 and 1995, the average
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FIGURE 7.1AVERAGE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY
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As shown in Table 7.3, excluding th
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Household characteristics affect ve
Page 249 and 250:
As shown in Table 7.5, households w
Page 251 and 252:
Table 7.6 shows that the highest av
Page 253 and 254:
As noted in Table 7.1, the lowest i
Page 255 and 256:
On the average, commute vehicle occ
Page 257 and 258:
CHAPTER 8TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF POPULAT
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LIST OF TABLESTABLE 8.1 PERSON TRAV
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CHAPTER 8TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF POPULAT
Page 263 and 264:
As the baby boom generation approac
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FIGURE 8.1A COMPARISON OF PERSONAL
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FIGURE 8.2COMPARISON OF PERSON MILE
Page 269 and 270:
The elderly generally either took s
Page 271 and 272:
Tables 8.6-8.8 and Figures 8.3-8.6
Page 273 and 274:
In 1995, employed women averaged ta
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FIGURE 8.5AVERAGE DAILY PERSON TRIP
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TABLE 8.9PERSON TRAVEL STATISTICS F
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FIGURE 8.7DISTRIBUTION OF AVERAGE A
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TABLE 8.12AVERAGE ANNUAL PERSON TRI
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Page 285 and 286:
TABLE 8.16PMT PER PERSON FOR PUBLIC
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APPENDIX ATRAVEL CONCEPTS AND GLOSS
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APPENDIX A.TRAVEL CONCEPTS AND GLOS
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GLOSSARY OF TERMSThis glossary prov
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Van A privately owned and/or operat
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50,000. In addition, contiguous cou
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SCHOOL OR CHURCHSchool/Church This
Page 299 and 300:
WeekendWorkerWeekend is defined as
Page 301 and 302:
Appendix BChanges in the 1995 NPTS
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APPENDIX B.CHANGES IN THE 1995 NPTS
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APPENDIX CWEIGHT CALCULATIONSCWEIGH
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APPENDIX C. WEIGHT CALCULATIONS 1WE
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APPENDIX DSTANDARD ERROR TABLESDSTA
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APPENDIX DSTANDARD ERROR TABLESTHE
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TABLE 4.5AVERAGE PMT PER PERSON BY
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Page 317 and 318:
TABLE 5.10Annual Vehicle Miles of T
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TABLE 5.14ANNUAL VEHICLE MILES OF T
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TABLE 7.4NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS BY
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TABLE 8.8DAILY PMT PER PERSON FOR W
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Page 327 and 328:
Appendix EADJUSTMENT OF 1990 TRAVEL
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APPENDIX E.ADJUSTMENT OF 1990 TRAVE
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TABLE E.1ANNUAL PERSON TRIPS PER PE
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TABLE E.2ESTIMATED TRAVEL CHANGES F
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TABLE E.4TABLE 4. 1990 TRAVEL DATA
Page 337 and 338:
APPENDIX FDIFFERENCES IN WORKERS AN
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Appendix F.Differences in Workers a
Page 341 and 342:
TABLE F.2NUMBER OF WORKERS (IN 000)
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indicating that part of the differe
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TABLE F.4PERCENT OF NON-WORKERS COM
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APPENDIX GDIFFERENCES IN METROPOLIT
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APPENDIX G.DIFFERENCES IN METROPOLI
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APPENDIX HSEGMENTED TRIPS IN NPTSHS
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APPENDIX H.SEGMENTED TRIPS IN NPTSW
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APPENDIX IREVISED AVERAGE ANNUAL MI
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APPENDIX I.REVISED AVERAGE ANNUAL M
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APPENDIX JPROCEDURE TO ADJUST 1983
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APPENDIX JESTIMATES OF TOTAL TRAVEL
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TABLE J.2NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND T
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FIGURE J.1FITTED POLYNOMIAL CURVE A
Page 367 and 368:
TABLE J.3REVISED 1990 INCOME CATEGO
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