etween PKBI and the District <strong>Health</strong> Office. In 2000-2002, PKBI was involved with the District <strong>Health</strong>Office in monitoring activities for JPSBK (Jaminan Pengaman Sosial Bidang Kesehatan) funded byUNFPA. The PKBI had funding from the British Council to be involved in these activities.There is a working relationship between PKBI and Askes-Private but none with Jamkesmas and Gakin.The following are the cost and service fees for the following:1. IUD insertion: Rp 150,0002. Vasectomy: Rp 300,0003. Implant: Rp 250,0004. Pill: Rp 5,0005. Injection: Rp 20,000There has been a decline in the use of contraceptives. This is being attributed to the low number and/orabsence of a cadre.PKBI conducts outreach activities. It has 10 staff who visit villages every month to do IEC activities tomotivate community to use contraceptive. However, it feels that they need more staff to reach out to thecommunity. It used to work with FP field staff/ Petugas Lapangan Keluarga Berencana (PLKB) fromBKKBN but now the number of FP field staff decreased since there is no BKKBN representative in thedistrict.2.19 Hospital and Consumer InformationThe Team visited two hospitals in Bandung City. The hospitals were Advent Hospital and CahyaKawaluyan Hospital:The Adventist Group in Indonesia comprises of hospitals and clinics all across the archipelago. There are60 clinics nationwide.The Adventist Hospital in Bandung is a 220 bed secondary hospital which is considered by the public asone of the top hospitals in West Java. It accepts Gakin patients. It does not, however, receive Askes andJamkesmas patients because Askes said it had enough providers already. Gakin reimbursement fromDistrict <strong>Health</strong> Office takes three months.Sixty percent of patients of Adventist Hospital in Bandung are paying out-of-pocket. Forty percent arefrom companies on self-insurance and private insurance companies (e.g. Allianz, Manulife, AIA, AEA).The income of Adventist Hospital in Bandung on Saturdays is pooled for charity and is used for theircharity clinic. During Thursdays at their charity clinic, patients pay Rp 10,000 to include consultation andmedicines.Full-time physician staff of Adventist Hospital in Bandung includes an Internist, Surgeon,Obstetrician/Gynecologist, Pediatrician, and GP.For a normal delivery, the physician fees at Adventist Hospital are: Rp 2M for a specialist, Rp 800,000for a GP, and 460,000 for a midwife. These are just professional fees and do not include medicines androom and board accommodation which would be approximately Rp 200,000-500,000. A Charity Delivery90
Package is Rp 2M which includes expenses incurred for and by the infant, professional fees, medicinesand room accommodation for three days.There is a monthly meeting conducted by the Adventist Hospital Management in Bandung, through itsMedical Director, and the physician staff: specialists, subspecialists, GPs, and full time medical staff. Themanner of split in income generated is agreed upon. Guest or visiting physicians may practice in threefacilities. This is strictly followed because of peer control and monitoring by the District <strong>Health</strong> Office.Adventist Hospital in Bandung has a Quality Assurance Office under the Medical Director. It follows aset of agreed quality standards of practice. It is believed that the hospital is legally responsible for anyuntoward incident happening in the hospital; therefore, the hospital carefully chooses the roster ofphysicians they have. There are 160 visiting physicians, half are specialists. There are 24 GP on full-timebasis.Cahya Kawaluyan Hospital, a member of the Borromeus Group, is relatively new operating on a 70-bedcapacity. It offers a 24-hour Emergency Room service, Inpatient and Outpatient Services includingfacilities like laboratory, radiology (CT scan, ultrasound, general x-ray), and physiotherapy. It is one ofthe 5 hospitals of the Borromeus Group in West Java.The hospital has two full-time GPs, 30 full-time specialists, and 29 guest specialists. For BorromeusHospital, it has 10 full-time GPs, 35 full-time specialists, and 150 guest specialists. Full-time medical staffare pure private practitioners. Majority of the visiting physicians are also government employees fromgovernment hospitals. The fixed monthly salary for full-time GPs and specialists is Rp 2-3M for sevenhours of service per day. Aside from the fixed fee, they are also eligible for a visiting fee. The hospitalclarified that the fixed fee was to ensure that the physician was available at all times during the assignedwork hours. Patients are free to choose their attending physician. Borreomeus Hospital is ISO certified.All fees are divided as per hospital bylaw: 60 percent for the physician regardless of specialty and 40percent for the hospital. Depending on case, the split can be 70 percent for the physician and 30 percentfor the hospital. On the average and regardless of affiliation, a GP on private practice would earn Rp 3-5M per month and a specialist may earn up to Rp 100M per month.Aside from hospitals, the Borromeus Group also has several Balai Pengobatan, a Rumah Sakit Bersalin,several Rumah Bersalin, dental clinics, JPKM insurance scheme, rehabilitation facility, schools (one ofwhich is a nursing school), and a radio station. The quality of standard practices is universal to theBorromeus Group; however, each member is autonomous in the management of the facility includingprocurement procedures. Procurement may be done separately or by pooling depending on the item.Drugs are usually procured through the PERDHAKI. All the financials are consolidated as one Group.The hospital has a Therapeutic Committee. The list of drugs to be included in the formulary is also done inconsultation with the clinical staff. The formulary is revised every two years. The hospital advocates the useof generic drugs. There is cooperation from their clinical staff. Guest physicians are bound to abide with thehospital formulary as stated in the MOU which each and every physician agrees and sign upon inclusion inthe roster of practicing physicians. Full-time clinical staff have formal contracts with the hospital.Credentialing is also conducted prior to acceptance of any physician to practice in to Cahya KawaluyanHospital. Aside from having to have the license to practice medicine, one will have to pass the PsychoTest, an IQ Test, and an MPI Test.91
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PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTHCARE IN INDONE
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PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTH CAREIN INDONE
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7. Rationalizing Use of Medications
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ABBREVIATIONSANCAskesAskeskinAusAID
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THEUSAIDVATWHOTotal health expendit
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAs documented in I
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By using their power to select whic
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higher reimbursement for complex de
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2. BACKGROUND2.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
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While decentralization of the healt
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FIGURE 1: TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON HEA
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poor, which only allows use of publ
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Lack of overall investment in healt
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• Pharmacists and drugsellers - A
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4.2 ASSESSMENT APPROACHData collect
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practice, however, limited resource
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Dinas to the hospital detailing the
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Unlike Muhammadiyah and NU faciliti
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TABLE 3: POPULATION COVERAGE BY HEA
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customary fees. At the same time, i
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7. RATIONALIZING USE OFMEDICATIONS7
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too few medicines to meet the publi
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8. PHARMACISTS ANDDRUGSELLERS AS PA
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district provides TB drugs to priva
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9. ROLE OF PROFESSIONALASSOCIATIONS
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- Page 71 and 72: ANNEX A: ASSESSMENT GUIDEIndonesia
- Page 73 and 74: Key Informants at Provincial LevelK
- Page 75: Key InformantsoooIBI, and memberrep
- Page 78 and 79: Assessment Question Approach/Backgr
- Page 80 and 81: Indicator Number Data Source and No
- Page 82 and 83: 1.3.4 DinKes Experience with Privat
- Page 84 and 85: The team interviewed a manager 16 a
- Page 86 and 87: They have used many different healt
- Page 88 and 89: In Yogyakarta Province, there are 1
- Page 90 and 91: graduates to work immediately in 24
- Page 92 and 93: Muhammadiyah is a 226 bed hospital
- Page 94 and 95: Dinas Yogyakarta31. Mardiningsih, S
- Page 96 and 97: 2.1 Provincial InformationThe popul
- Page 98 and 99: How can services provided at privat
- Page 100 and 101: The Provincial Health Office meets
- Page 102 and 103: from multiple sources: 40 percent f
- Page 104 and 105: 2.9 Licensing and Oversight of Phar
- Page 106 and 107: As per IMA Propinsi, they meet with
- Page 108 and 109: It was mentioned that the budget fo
- Page 110 and 111: • Private midwives are willing to
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- Page 116 and 117: the midwife to charge a slightly hi
- Page 118 and 119: Involving Physicians in DOTS. A sig
- Page 120 and 121: Ikatan Bidan Indonesia (IBI) West J
- Page 122 and 123: Indicator DKI West Jakarta Data Sou
- Page 124 and 125: visited an average of over 60 perce
- Page 126 and 127: 3.9 Potential role of professional
- Page 128 and 129: members who pay membership fees. Th
- Page 130 and 131: emainder paying out of pocket. Reve
- Page 132 and 133: 3.20 Indonesian Pharmacists Associa
- Page 134 and 135: OtherApotek Gitamara, Jl. Kemanggis
- Page 136 and 137: 13. Government of Indonesia, World
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