PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTH CARE IN INDONESIA - Health Systems ...

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Indicator Indonesia Philippines Thailand Malaysia China Cambodia Viet NamPrivate expenditure on health as % 50 60 36 55 58 74 68of THEOut-of-pocket expenditure as % ofprivate expenditure on health66 80 77 73 93 84 90Health StatusLife expectancy at birth (years) 68 68 72 72 73 62 72Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live 26 24 7 10 20 65 15births)Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 34 32 8 12 24 82 17live births)Maternal mortality ratio (per420 f 230 f 110 f 62 f 45 f 540 f 150 f100,000 live births)Births attended by skilled66 d 60 d 97 100 f 98 44 f 88personnel (%)Contraceptive prevalence (%) 61 49 d 72 -- 90 e 40 f 79 cHealth SystemsHospital beds (per 10,0002.5 f 13 22 a 19 22 6 b 26 fpopulation)Physician density (per 100,000 13 d 58 a 37 a 70 a 106 b 16 a 53 bpopulation)Nursing density (per 100,00062 d 169 a 28 a 135 a 105 b 61 a 56 bpopulation)Midwife density (per 100,000) 20 d 45 a 1 a 34 a 3 b 23 a 19 bKey: a) 2000; b) 2001; c) 2002; d) 2003; e) 2004; f) 2005.Sources: WHO (2006c) and WHOSIS accessed at http://www.who.int/whosis/en/index.html.Figure 1 shows that Indonesia spends less on health than its neighbors and has a lower life expectancy atbirth. Philippines and Thailand spend only slightly more on health as a percentage of GDP than Indonesiabut perform better on this outcome measure.6
FIGURE 1: TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON HEALTH AS % OF GDPAND LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (IN YEARS), 200675Life expectancy at birth, total (years)7473727170696867PhilippinesThailandFijiIndonesiaMalaysiaVanuatuChinaViet NamTongaMicronesia0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Total health expenditure (% GDP)Sources: Based on data from WHO (2006c) and World Bank (2006b).7
Page 1: PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTHCARE IN INDONE
Page 5: PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTH CAREIN INDONE
Page 8 and 9: 7. Rationalizing Use of Medications
Page 11 and 12: ABBREVIATIONSANCAskesAskeskinAusAID
Page 13: THEUSAIDVATWHOTotal health expendit
Page 17 and 18: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAs documented in I
Page 19 and 20: By using their power to select whic
Page 21: higher reimbursement for complex de
Page 25 and 26: 2. BACKGROUND2.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
Page 27: While decentralization of the healt
Page 32 and 33: poor, which only allows use of publ
Page 34 and 35: Lack of overall investment in healt
Page 36 and 37: • Pharmacists and drugsellers - A
Page 38 and 39: 4.2 ASSESSMENT APPROACHData collect
Page 40 and 41: practice, however, limited resource
Page 42 and 43: Dinas to the hospital detailing the
Page 44 and 45: Unlike Muhammadiyah and NU faciliti
Page 46 and 47: TABLE 3: POPULATION COVERAGE BY HEA
Page 48 and 49: customary fees. At the same time, i
Page 51 and 52: 7. RATIONALIZING USE OFMEDICATIONS7
Page 53 and 54: too few medicines to meet the publi
Page 55 and 56: 8. PHARMACISTS ANDDRUGSELLERS AS PA
Page 57 and 58: district provides TB drugs to priva
Page 59 and 60: 9. ROLE OF PROFESSIONALASSOCIATIONS
Page 61 and 62: IMA is involved in any allegations
Page 63 and 64: 10. CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONSI
Page 65: If Indonesia is to achieve its prio
Page 68 and 69: • Supporting the mapping of all f
Page 71 and 72: ANNEX A: ASSESSMENT GUIDEIndonesia
Page 73 and 74: Key Informants at Provincial LevelK
Page 75: Key InformantsoooIBI, and memberrep
Page 78 and 79:
Assessment Question Approach/Backgr
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Indicator Number Data Source and No
Page 82 and 83:
1.3.4 DinKes Experience with Privat
Page 84 and 85:
The team interviewed a manager 16 a
Page 86 and 87:
They have used many different healt
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In Yogyakarta Province, there are 1
Page 90 and 91:
graduates to work immediately in 24
Page 92 and 93:
Muhammadiyah is a 226 bed hospital
Page 94 and 95:
Dinas Yogyakarta31. Mardiningsih, S
Page 96 and 97:
2.1 Provincial InformationThe popul
Page 98 and 99:
How can services provided at privat
Page 100 and 101:
The Provincial Health Office meets
Page 102 and 103:
from multiple sources: 40 percent f
Page 104 and 105:
2.9 Licensing and Oversight of Phar
Page 106 and 107:
As per IMA Propinsi, they meet with
Page 108 and 109:
It was mentioned that the budget fo
Page 110 and 111:
• Private midwives are willing to
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etween PKBI and the District Health
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Cahya Kawaluyan Hospital has adapte
Page 116 and 117:
the midwife to charge a slightly hi
Page 118 and 119:
Involving Physicians in DOTS. A sig
Page 120 and 121:
Ikatan Bidan Indonesia (IBI) West J
Page 122 and 123:
Indicator DKI West Jakarta Data Sou
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visited an average of over 60 perce
Page 126 and 127:
3.9 Potential role of professional
Page 128 and 129:
members who pay membership fees. Th
Page 130 and 131:
emainder paying out of pocket. Reve
Page 132 and 133:
3.20 Indonesian Pharmacists Associa
Page 134 and 135:
OtherApotek Gitamara, Jl. Kemanggis
Page 136 and 137:
13. Government of Indonesia, World
Page 138:
41. Thrabany, Hasbullah, et al. 200
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