ASDP: Environmental And Social Management Framework

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1994/952,875517756651661,9921995/962,822495846291961,4981996/972,387413796451471,4261997/982,9211,4021119595921,528Source: Statistical Abstract, 1994, Bureau of Statistics, President’s Office, PlanningCommision.Table 4.9 Food Crop Production (in ‘000 Tons) and Growth Rates From 1981-1998.4.2 The Sociopolitical Environment4.2.1 The DemographicsTanzania’s population of 36 million in 2002 is made up of more than 120 different tribes,most of them belonging to the big Bantu family. Population density has increased fromthe national average of 26 people in 1988 to 39 people per sq. km. in 2002. Also atregional level, population density varies between regions, from 12 people per squarekilometre for Lindi region to 1,793 people per sq. km. for Dar es Salaam region on thepart of Tanzania Mainland. In Tanzania Zanzibar, regional population density range from111 people per sq. km. in Unguja South to 1,700 people per sq. km. in Urban West. 18Since 1990, poverty in Tanzania declined but it remains widespread, particularly in ruralareas. About 17 million people – half the population – live below the poverty line ofUS$0.65 per day. Approximately 80 percent of the poor live in rural areas where about70 percent of the population lives (URT, 2001). From 1991/92 to 2000/01 overall foodpoverty declined from 22 to 19 percent while basic needs poverty declined from 39 to 36percent. Poverty declines were most rapid in major urban centres such as Dar esSalaam (from 28 to 18 percent) and least rapid in rural areas (from 41 to 39 percent) 19 .Agriculture is the primary economic activity with a GDP of 44.7 % in 2003, hence itsperformance has a significant effect on output and corresponding income and povertylevels. Over the 1990s, agricultural growth was 3.6 percent, which was higher than in the1970s and 1980s when annual agricultural growth averaged 2.9 and 2.1 percentrespectively. Over the 1990s, agricultural exports grew at an annual rate of over 7percent per year, although this rate has slowed in recent years due to declining worldmarket prices. Food crop production has grown at about the rate of population growthand accounts for about 65 percent of agricultural GDP, with cash crops accounting foronly about 10 percent. The sale of food and cash crops accounts for about 70 percent ofrural incomes.1618 http://www.tanzania.go.tz/economicsurvey1/2002/part1/humanresources.htm Accessed 7th August 2005.19 DADP34/114
Despite its potential and rich resource endowment, Tanzania is one of the poorestcountries in the worldwith a per capita GNPTable 4.10 Tanzania: Demographic and <strong>Social</strong> Indicators 20$280 in 2005. Theeconomy dependsheavily on agriculture,which accounts forPopulation ( millions)197515.9198521.8200236about half of GDP,provides 85% ofexports, and employs% Female - 56 90about 80% of the workFertility Rate 6.8 6.5 5.2force. Official estimatesPoverty (Headcount index (%)) - - 35suggest that over halfLife Expectancy 48 51 44of its 36millionInfant Mortality ( per 1000 births) 118 100 99population is poor andUnder 5 Mortality ( per 100036% is very poor.197 160 147births)Poverty is essentially arural phenomenon,Maternal Mortality Rate (per- - 370with almost 61% of the100,000 births)rural population is poorHIV/AIDS Prevalence ( ages 15-- - 10.9compared to 39% of49): urbanthe urban population. HIV/AIDS Prevalence (ages 15-- - 5.3Income distribution is 49yrs): ruraluneven. In the 1998 HIV/AIDS Prevalence (over- - -rural survey the lowest 12yrs) :urbanquintile accounted for Literacy % - - -only 7% of mean Males - - 85expenditures.Females - - 69Gross Primary School Enrolment- - 54.4%Agriculture is the%Girls in total enrolmentprimary economicNet Primary Enrolment - 56 89activity for the 90% ofGross Secondary Schoolthe population living inEnrolment %the rural areas. The% Girls in total enrolmentsevere degradation ofland, forests and waterHigher Education: % girls in totalresources that supportenrolmentagriculture has become an obstacle to the revival of the rural economy.The health status in Tanzania is poor. Life expectancy at birth is 44years ( decline due toAIDS) compared to 50years average in SSA 21 , and infant mortality of 99 per 1000 livebirths compared to 92 for SSA. The incidence of HIV/AIDS is high, with 10.9% of theurban population and 5.3% of the rural population aged between 15-49, seropositive. Inthe 1990’s HIV infection rates increased significantly among this group and was higheramong women. Infection rates are four times higher among young girls compared toboys. Water and sanitation services are deficient, with access to improved water sourceestimated to be about 49% of population. Communicable diseases (HIV/AIDS, persistent20 World Bank21 SSA – Sub-Saharan Africa35/114
Page 4 and 5: Development activities at the natio
Page 6 and 7: • Regional Level AuthoritiesThe r
Page 8: watershed management,ground water c
Page 11 and 12: 2.0 INTRODUCTIONThe Government of U
Page 13 and 14: Whereas, the Agricultural Sector De
Page 15 and 16: and requiring higher financing leve
Page 17 and 18: Types of Irrigation No. of Schemes
Page 19 and 20: 4.1.1 ClimateTanzania experiences a
Page 21 and 22: the other northern tributary, the R
Page 23 and 24: efore joining the Kisigo at Mtera.
Page 25 and 26: The basin is situated in the semi-a
Page 27 and 28: • Lake Tanganyika (shared with Co
Page 29 and 30: Table 4.4 12 The Nile River Basin:
Page 31 and 32: 4.1.4 Water Quality4.1.4.1 Ground W
Page 33: invertebrate species, while about 7
Page 37 and 38: - declining soil fertility- many wo
Page 39 and 40: • 5.1 Environmental Assessment (O
Page 41 and 42: agrochemicals in WHO 24 classes IA,
Page 43 and 44: Therefore, for sub projects that in
Page 45 and 46: Summary of Requirements of Bank Saf
Page 47 and 48: esponsibility for social developmen
Page 49 and 50: to promote public awareness of envi
Page 51 and 52: consulted stakeholders and their si
Page 53 and 54: mainstream of decision making. The
Page 55 and 56: Mining Act, No. 17 of 1980,as amend
Page 57 and 58: • 6.12 International ConventionsT
Page 59 and 60: 7. DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL ENVIR
Page 61 and 62: Water Contamination: Pollution. Poi
Page 63 and 64: Loss of Biodiversity and Habitats.I
Page 65 and 66: 7.3 Some Potential Social Concerns
Page 67 and 68: 8.0. INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT AND F
Page 69 and 70: 8.2 Institutional Roles and Respons
Page 71 and 72: Program contained in section 8.4 of
Page 73 and 74: ASDP NSCASDP SECRETARIATASDP FACILI
Page 75 and 76: • Safe management of Pesticides.
Page 77 and 78: Table 9.1: Potential DADP Sub Proje
Page 79 and 80: o) Step FOUR: Following compliance
Page 81 and 82: 9.3 Costs of the Environmental Soci
Page 83 and 84: 10.2.1 Monitoring and Evaluation In
Page 85 and 86:
to construction, operations and mai
Page 87 and 88:
Table 10.1: Environmental Mitigatio
Page 89 and 90:
Annex A: Verification of Safeguards
Page 91 and 92:
IV. Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.
Page 93 and 94:
Other comments:i) If substantial re
Page 95 and 96:
The BiophysicalandSocialEnvironment
Page 97 and 98:
Annex CGuidelines for an Environmen
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1. Sub project DescriptionPlease pr
Page 101 and 102:
7. Invasive plant species along fee
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ANNEX E 33GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND
Page 105 and 106:
Annex FGeneric Guidelines for Prepa
Page 107 and 108:
ANNEX GENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL APP
Page 109 and 110:
12. Are there any other environment
Page 111 and 112:
Annex HGuidelines for Assessment of
Page 113 and 114:
• Overall assessment of challenge
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ASDP: Environmental And Social Management Framework

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