Cranfield University - ENGEES

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3.2 Study design and evolutionA flexible design research approach was considered to allow evolution during the study.Table 3.1 Evolution of the aims and objectives with associated methodologyDate Aim Objectives Methodology28 April –10 June10 June –10 July10 July –29 August29 August– 3September- AdviseWaterAid aboutthe most suitablemitigationmeasuresconceivable inBallia district(Uttar Pradesh).- AdviseWaterAid aboutthe most suitablemitigationmeasuresconceivable in 7villages of Balliadistrict (UttarPradesh).1. Understand the issue,technologies and protocols forwater quality, especially arsenicin several villages in the Balliadistrict of Uttar Pradesh.2. Review interventions to dateby all agencies in Ballia district;3. Compare the efficacy ofhousehold and community levelmodels;4. Assess the communityperception and awareness ofarsenicosis; and5. Carrying out pilot tests of anew filter in the villages.1. Assess the status of the watersupply (sources of water, uses,water quality and monitoringarrangements, existingmitigation measures) in 7villages of Ballia district;2. Review interventions to dateby all agencies in Ballia district;3. Compare the efficacy ofhousehold and community levelmodels; and4. Assess the communityperception and awareness ofarsenicosis and their willingnessto modify behaviour and to payfor mitigation measures.Planning anddesign:- Preliminaryliterature review- Development ofsemi-structuredquestionnairesFieldwork:- Interviews- ObservationData analysis:- Results anddiscussion- RecommendationsPresenting findings:- Discussing andfinalising the report- Oral presentationCranfield University 16Héloïse Hubert, 2008
3.3 Practical aspects of methodologyThis part considers the method used to gather the data in the field: the sampling plan,the schedule of questions, the sources of information and the tools used.3.3.1 Sampling Plan- Selection of the blocksArsenic is above all a public health issue that is why the number of people affected byarsenic has been the first criteria to select the eight most affected block of Ballia district(cf. table 3.2).Table 3.2 Blocks of Ballia District affected by arsenic and their populationName of theblockBlock’spopulation in2001Affectedpopulation byarsenic in 2004Percentageof affectedpopulation1 Reoti 124,893 48,475 38.8%2 Bairiya 153,413 41,475 27.0%3 Belahri 109,990 32,900 29.9%4 Dubhad 149,361 28,000 18.7%5 Murli Chhapra 130,427 22,400 17.2%6 Maniyar 119,880 11,800 9.8%7 Bansdih 131,694 5,401 4.1%8 Sohaon 129,966 4,400 3.4%- Selection of the villagesIn the selected blocks, the aim was to select the villages where arsenic concentrationwas the highest. Details of the arsenic concentration of the hand pumps before and afterthe drilling of deep HP were provided by UP Jal Nigam (2004). According to this data,the villages of Chain Chhapra, Haldi and Rikni Chhapra in the Belhari block have beenchosen, because arsenic concentration was still above 10 µg/L in the deep bored IndiaMark-II HP.In the other blocks, maximum arsenic concentration was equal to 10 µg/L after theimplementation of mitigation measures, what has been the criterion of selection forDalan Chhapra, Gai Ghat and Kotwan.The village of Ekauna has been selected because it was known that UNICEF hadalready implemented ART and realised awareness campaign there. Thus the selection ofCranfield University 17Héloïse Hubert, 2008
Page 2 and 3: Cranfield UniversitySchool of Appli
Page 9 and 10: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Global issueAcce
Page 11 and 12: BALLIAFigure 1.2 Map of Uttar Prade
Page 13 and 14: 2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn order to par
Page 15: the national standard is still equa
Page 18 and 19: - BCSIR Filter UnitDeveloped by the
Page 20 and 21: Area ofthe studyFigure 2.3 Map of B
Page 22 and 23: 3. METHODOLOGYSeven villages of the
Page 26 and 27: this village was an opportunity to
Page 28 and 29: 1 male teacherc) 3 men and 4 womenR
Page 30 and 31: understand, not to judge. The use o
Page 32 and 33: 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe sectio
Page 34 and 35: depending on the repairs. UP Jal Ni
Page 36 and 37: Panchayats. Therefore, within the c
Page 38 and 39: quarters of the year and the local
Page 40 and 41: • People presenting skin problems
Page 42 and 43: 5. CONCLUSIONIn all the villages su
Page 44 and 45: 6. RECOMMENDATIONSAwareness of the
Page 46 and 47: 6.2.3 Household sand filterConseque
Page 48 and 49: further tank to mix the chemical wi
Page 50 and 51: Khurana I. and Sen R. (2008). Drink
Page 52 and 53: APPENDICESAPPENDIX A: INTERVIEWS GU
Page 54 and 55: 14. Did the children get sick in th
Page 56 and 57: APPENDIX B: COMPARISON OF MAIN ARSE

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