Doing Business with the World - Mapeo de Promotores de RSE

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Delivering affordableenergy solutions to lowincomecommunitiesBPBP has been investigating innovativeapproaches to marketing energyproducts to low-income customers. BPand partners have developed a cookingstove that integrates a liquefiedpetroleum gas (LPG) and biomass burnerin an effort to provide low-income homesin India with sustainable, healthy energyfor cooking. The aim is to reach 3 millionhouseholds by 2008. BP plans todistribute the appliance through localsuppliers to provide new businessopportunities to the community.Key challengeslimiting progressFossil fuels dominate global energysupplies but they are unevenlydistributed and geographicallyconcentrated in a few regions of theworld. This leaves many countries –particularly resource poor anddeveloping ones – vulnerable todisruptions in supply and volatileenergy prices. Twenty-eight Africancountries spend more than 10% oftheir total import bill on oil. 23While some of the raw materials usedfor generating energy can be exportedand physically delivered to mostlocations around the globe, e.g., oiland natural gas, others are morelimited in their scope for export.Electricity requires a network of hightension power cables to cover largedistances. The remoteness of certaindeveloping country populations andunfavorable terrain in many of theseregions pose a further challenge forenergy delivery. As a consequence, themajority of the rural population inmany developing countries is notconnected to the electricity grid.Today, developing countries face thechallenge of achieving development inan era characterized by global climatechange. It is now widely accepted thatincreased emissions of greenhousegases (GHG) are affecting the climateand contributing to global warming.The greatest impacts from climatechange are likely to be felt in poorcountries, in arid as well as in coastaland water-stressed areas, which will beaffected by greater competition forcultivable land, increased water andfood scarcity, and rising sea levels. Acollective response from governmentsand the private sector will be needed tohelp developing countries in theiradaptation to climate change impacts.The Kyoto Protocol has sought to tackleglobal emissions by putting a cap oncarbon and other GHG emissions andcreating an international market fortrading them. This has spawned a hugetrade in carbon offsets. The carbonmarket reached US$ 30 billion in 2006and is set to grow. Governments andcompanies in the countries that ratifiedthe Kyoto Protocol have been able tocapitalize on the market opportunitiesthat the Protocol offers. However,adherence to the Protocol has beenuneven. The challenge presented bythe competing demands of energyprovision for economic developmentand climate protection requires aconcerted global effort. While theKyoto Protocol was largely a top-downeffort, the WBCSD and somegovernments are calling for a new,bottom-up approach more appropriateto the national levels at which energypolicy is made, to kick in after thecurrent emissions reduction period,2008-2012, ends. 24Business plays a major role in thedelivery of energy solutions andinfrastructure, but these efforts aloneare not sufficient to meet the globalenergy challenge. Governments,working with business and civil society,need to set long-term policies that givebusiness the predictability andincentives to invest in sustainableenergy solutions.Governments should enhance theirefforts to develop comprehensiveenergy policies, set realistic andachievable targets, and work outindicators to measure progress. Theyneed to take account of the societaland environmental impacts of energyprovision and use, and set targets forGHG emissions. They can assist inachieving such targets throughincentives or subsidies that encouragethe development and use of clean,renewable sources of energy.Furthermore, governments shouldencourage measures to increase theenergy efficiency of their economythrough the introduction of standardsand labels, and introduce incentives tochange energy consumption patterns,e.g., by subsidizing cheap energy atoff-peak times.Finally, it will be a big challenge tochange the habits of people who havealways relied on biomass for theirenergy needs. Collecting firewood andcooking on simple stoves remain theonly option in many societies wherewood is cheap and readily available.The incentives need to be right tochange these habits; these couldinclude innovative financial solutions toreduce the (still considerable) up-frontinvestment required by new cleantechnologies such as solar energy ormodern biomass stoves.18
How businesscan contributeThe key to a sustainable energy futurefor the planet rests on four actions: amove toward a low-carbon economy,reduced dependency on fossil fuels,significantly improved energy efficiencyacross all sectors, and the developmentof cheap and affordable energy solutionsfor the 2.4 billion people who rely ontraditional biomass.Some of the lower carbon solutions,such as nuclear energy, already exist andare widely deployed. Hydroelectric, solar,wind and wave power are rapidlyimproving in terms of cost effectiveness,with Western Europe leading in thedevelopment of wind-generated power.Technology will be needed to increasethe efficiency of solar energy andbatteries to store renewable energies.Clean coal technologies such asintegrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) are being tested. Gasification alsoallows new coal plants to developcarbon capture and storage (CCS). Thesetechnologies can considerably reducethe environmental impact of coal-firedpower generation, while enabling coalrichnations such as China, India, SouthAfrica and Australia to cleanly takeadvantage of their abundant coalsupplies. Funding of a number of largescaleCCS-projects could reduce costsand promote a global CCS industry.New markets are emerging. Markets foralternative forms of energy already exist,but these forms of energy remain underused.Other growing energy sectorsinclude markets for energy conservationservices and energy-efficienttechnologies. Energy efficiency measuresmake perfect sense for companies as apotential way to help reduce operatingcosts. To increase end-user energyefficiency, energy savings can becertified, and the certificates can then betraded (so-called “white certificates”).Some European countries (Italy, France,the UK) have started implementing suchschemes.Lastly, companies can develop energysystems based on locally availableresources – such as biomass or smallhydro – and tailor them to local needs.Local energy companies can help. Theytend to have in-depth local knowledgeof requirements and of potentialmarkets, but they often lack thecapacity and the financial resources toprovide infrastructure and energysolutions. Larger corporations canpartner with local companies to buildcapacity and develop locally tailoredsolutions. By doing so, they willfacilitate improved access to energyservices while enhancing their ownmarket share. Public-privatepartnerships could also help meetdeveloping country energy needs.Key messagesFor business, investing insustainable energy services can: Create new markets and associatedrevenue streams for energy-relatedproducts and services for currentlyunderserved populations indeveloping countries; Create competitive advantages bydeveloping new and affordableenergy technologies that reduceemissions and/or improve energyefficiency; Reduce reliance on fossil fuels inthe energy mix, thereby reducingsome of the exposure to volatilecrude prices; Lower operating costs by improvingenergy efficiency.For governments, an effectivepolicy framework for sustainableenergy services can: Improve access and reliability ofenergy supplies, therebygenerating economic growth andhuman progress; Lead to successful implementationof lower carbon technologies using,for example, the Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM) to achieve scale;policies must place more emphasison the materiality and repeatabilityof solutions; Promote growth in the small andmedium enterprise (SME) sector toprovide energy services,particularly in rural areas, therebygenerating sustainable enterprisesas well as facilitating energy access; Raise consumer awareness of energyefficiency, thereby reducing therequirements for new energyprojects and freeing up capital forother basic needs; Improve public health by promotingcleaner forms of energy supply; Reduce deforestation and ecosystemdegradation arising from biomassharvesting.19
Page 1 and 2: Doing Businesswith the WorldThe new
Page 3 and 4: Table of contentsStatement of inten
Page 5 and 6: To align our core business strategi
Page 7 and 8: Population shiftsAnother concept th
Page 9 and 10: Doing business with the worldMultin
Page 11 and 12: Societal needsThe 2005 Millennium E
Page 13 and 14: How businesscan contributeDifferent
Page 15 and 16: Societal needsEducation is a key fa
Page 17 and 18: How businesscan contributeThe onus
Page 19: India has an even more severeproble
Page 23 and 24: Societal needsSMEs in developing co
Page 25 and 26: How businesscan contributeLarge cor
Page 27 and 28: In comparison, official development
Page 31 and 32: Societal needsThere is growing cons
Page 35 and 36: death are diarrhea, malaria,pneumon
Page 37 and 38: How businesscan contributeWhile hea
Page 39 and 40: Average annual growth rate:2000-205
Page 41 and 42: How businesscan contributeBusiness
Page 43 and 44: Societal needsDespite robust econom
Page 47 and 48: Societal needsThe world faces a glo
Page 51 and 52: In particular, large corporations c
Page 53 and 54: Press Release. “Aid for tradecapa
Page 55 and 56: About theWBCSDWBCSDThe World Busine

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