Doing Business with the World - Mapeo de Promotores de RSE

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“The business community hastremendous expertise andstrategic resources to offer in theresponse to HIV/AIDS,tuberculosis and malaria, and iscollaborating with others inimpactful and unique ways.”Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Anglo AmericanHealthThe global viewThe World Health Organizationdefines health as “a complete state ofphysical, mental and social wellbeing,and not merely the absence ofdisease or infirmity.” 42 Good healthenables individuals to thrive andparticipate fully in the economic andsocial life of their communities. Anydiscussion surrounding health needsto include life expectancy, mortalityrates, infant and maternal mortalityrates, incidence of disease,malnutrition, access to healthcare,number of health practitioners percapita, health expenditure and policy.All are proxy indicators used to assessa population’s overall state of health.Global average life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 65 years in2000; and is expected to rise to 75 years by 2050. However, gross inequalitiesexist in health and mortality rates within and across countries and regionsand between developed and developing countries. Mortality rates due tocommunicable diseases (infections) remain high in developing countries,accounting for more than half of deaths, compared to less than one-fourth indeveloped countries (see Figure 29).On the other hand, mental health problems, smoking-related illnesses,obesity, cardio-vascular diseases and cancers, once believed to be theaffliction of wealthy developed nations, are becoming increasingly commonin developing nations, with cardio-vascular disease predicted to be a leadingcause of death by 2010.Women, children and the poor are the main victims of infectious diseases,many of which arise from inadequate living conditions and the lack of accessto healthcare. An estimated 10.6 million children die before their fifthbirthday, almost half of them in sub-Saharan Africa. The leading causes ofSource: World Health Organization. WHO database. 2002.Developed countries15mDeveloping countries45mChronicInfectiousCardio-vascular diseasesCancersDiabetesRespiratory-related ilnessHIV/AIDSDiarrh ealdiseasesTuberculosisBirth- and childhood-relateddiseasesMalariaUnintentionalinjuriesOtherFigure 29: Leading causes of death in 2002,in millionsNumber of infected adults (millions)40302010Eastern MediterraneanWestern PacificEuropeAmericasSouth-East AsiaAfrica01980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002Figure 30: Estimated number of adults infected with HIV, by region, 1980-2003Source: World Health Organization (WHO).The World Health Report. 2004.32
death are diarrhea, malaria,pneumonia, measles and deathduring birth. Nearly 500,000 womendie annually from childbirth andpregnancy-related complications,most of them in Africa and southeastAsia. Some 200 million women ofchildbearing age do not have accessto contraception. 43HIV/AIDS places a tremendousburden on developing countries. Itaffects primarily the economicallyactive age group and children –many of whom will never reachadulthood – and has significantconsequences in terms of lostproductivity and working days, anda reduced labor pool. Compoundingthis are the social and economicproblems of AIDS orphans, many ofwhom end up in child-headedhouseholds or dependent onextended family or charity.Currently it is believed that there are39.5 million people living withHIV/AIDS, 64% of them in sub-Saharan Africa (see Figure 30). Ofthese, 13.2 million are women. Thesub-Saharan region is also home to90% of the children with the virus.While there has been some successin promoting behavioral change tocurb the spread of the disease, ratesof infection continue to rise. Many ofthose living with the disease areunaware of their HIV-positive status.In 2004, there were an estimated3.1 million deaths from HIV/AIDS,half a million of them children.Tuberculosis (TB) is also a growingkiller. There were an estimated8.8 million new cases of TB in 2003,and the disease is believed to beresponsible for 1.7 million deathseach year. The disease is spreadingfastest in sub-Saharan Africa(approximately 1% per year), partlydue to the spread of HIV/AIDS.Malaria also poses a major threat tohealth, with an estimated 1 milliondeaths each year, 80% among youngchildren in sub-Saharan Africa.Overall, the health sector hasspawned a huge industry includinghealthcare professionals, medicalresearch and development, drugsand pharmaceuticals, and medicalequipment. The 4 billion poorestmembers of the global population’sspending on health amounts tosome US$ 158.4 billion; for the samesector the pharmaceutical market isvalued at about US$ 56.7 billion. 44Societal needsThere is a clear correlation between“healthy” nations, levels of GDP anddevelopment. There are exceptions,and some countries like Cuba, forexample, despite relatively low levels ofGDP nonetheless enjoy good standardsof health. Correspondingly, nationswith short life expectancies or largenumbers of sick people among theirpopulations tend to have lower levelsof GDP and development. Improvingthe health of nations would havesignificant implications for businessand governments.People in low-income countries needimproved housing and sanitation toprevent infectious diseases and theyneed access to healthcare when theyfall ill. Even when healthcare isavailable, it cannot always be affordedby the very poor. Treatment forillnesses or funeral costs often wipeout the entire savings of familiesand their economic activities mightbe severely hindered, renderingthem destitute.33
Page 1 and 2: Doing Businesswith the WorldThe new
Page 3 and 4: Table of contentsStatement of inten
Page 5 and 6: To align our core business strategi
Page 7 and 8: Population shiftsAnother concept th
Page 9 and 10: Doing business with the worldMultin
Page 11 and 12: Societal needsThe 2005 Millennium E
Page 13 and 14: How businesscan contributeDifferent
Page 15 and 16: Societal needsEducation is a key fa
Page 17 and 18: How businesscan contributeThe onus
Page 19 and 20: India has an even more severeproble
Page 21 and 22: How businesscan contributeThe key t
Page 23 and 24: Societal needsSMEs in developing co
Page 25 and 26: How businesscan contributeLarge cor
Page 27 and 28: In comparison, official development
Page 31 and 32: Societal needsThere is growing cons
Page 33: How businesscan contributeLarge cor
Page 37 and 38: How businesscan contributeWhile hea
Page 39 and 40: Average annual growth rate:2000-205
Page 41 and 42: How businesscan contributeBusiness
Page 43 and 44: Societal needsDespite robust econom
Page 47 and 48: Societal needsThe world faces a glo
Page 51 and 52: In particular, large corporations c
Page 53 and 54: Press Release. “Aid for tradecapa
Page 55 and 56: About theWBCSDWBCSDThe World Busine

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