- Cowlitz PUD

Figure 20 shows the final assumptions used in the IRP analysis. Due to theuncertainty surrounding these costs the study treated capital costs as astochastic variable. The data points from Figure 20 were used to parameterizeprobability distributions in the simulation.Figure 20Capital Cost Assumptions Used in StudyLow Med HighWind $ 1,191 $ 1,738 $ 1,919Geothermal $ 1,976 $ 3,346 $ 4,092Biomass $ 2,061 $ 2,388 $ 2,563Landfill Gas $ 1,360 $ 1,443 $ 1,500Solar $ 4,878 $ 6,479 $ 7,558Pulverized Coal $ 1,343 $ 2,103 $ 2,266IGCC $ 1,949 $ 2,480 $ 2,690CCCT $ 567 $ 770 $ 822CT $ 405 $ 684 $ 731Nuclear $ 1,566 $ 2,636 $ 2,889Fixed O&M CostsFixed operation and maintenance costs are costs associated with keeping a plantin an operational state. They are incurred regardless of how much the plantruns. Fixed O&M include taxes, insurance, long-term service agreements, plantstaffing costs, expenses related to equipment upkeep and recovery of capital.The following table shows a survey of plant fixed O&M charges from regionalIRPs.Figure 21Survey of Fixed Operational and Maintenance (O&M) CostsIdaho Seattle NWPPC Avista PGE Pacificorp Low Med HighWind $ 23.19 $ 20.00 $ 23.00 $ 18.90 $ 11.30 $ 29.78 $ 11.30 $ 21.03 $ 29.78Geothermal $ 132.00 $ 171.97$ 103.66 $ - $ 22.60 $ - $ 86.05 $ 171.97Biomass $ 92.74 $ 219.00$ 71.80$ 71.80 $ 127.85 $ 219.00Landfill Gas $ 134.00 $ 125.00 $ 134.97$ 125.00 $ 131.32 $ 134.97Solar $ 54.89$ 250.00 $ 34.55$ 34.55 $ 113.15 $ 250.00Pulverized Coal $ 19.50 $ 28.35 $ 46.00 $ 43.19 $ 17.10$ 17.10 $ 30.83 $ 46.00IGCC $ 22.62 $ 28.35 $ 61.00 $ 48.59 $ 28.90 $ 1.31 $ 1.31 $ 31.80 $ 61.00CCCT $ 10.26 $ 10.00 $ 8.00 $ 8.76 $ 8.90 $ 11.29 $ 8.00 $ 9.54 $ 11.29CT $ 6.96 $ 12.00 $ 8.00 $ 8.64$ 5.25 $ 5.25 $ 8.17 $ 12.00Nuclear $ 65.58$ 40.00 $ 43.19$ 109.72 $ 40.00 $ 64.62 $ 109.72Figure 22 graphically summarizes the data from Figure 21 and shows theaverage as well as high and low values from the survey.38