Lake Pocotopaug Lake and Watershed Restoration Evaluation ...

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TABLE 21 continued. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CONTROL OF ALGAEOPTION MODE OF ACTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESPhysical Controls8) Selective withdrawal ♦ Discharge of bottom waterwhich may contain (or besusceptible to) low oxygenand higher nutrient levels♦ Intake of water from lowalgae layer to maximizesupply quality♦ May be pumped or utilizepassive head differentialChemical controls9) Algaecides ♦ Liquid or pelletizedalgaecides applied to targetarea♦ Algae killed by direct toxicityor metabolic interference♦ Typically requires applicationat least once/yr, often morefrequently♦♦♦♦♦♦♦Removes targeted water fromlake efficientlyComplements othertechniques such as drawdownor aerationMay prevent anoxia andphosphorus build up in bottomwaterMay remove initial phase ofalgal blooms which start indeep waterMay create coldwaterconditions downstreamRapid elimination of algaefrom water column, normallywith increased water clarityMay result in net movement ofnutrients to bottom of lake♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦Possible downstream impacts ofpoor water qualityMay eliminate colder thermallayer important to certain fishMay promote mixing of someremaining poor quality bottomwater with surface watersMay cause unintendeddrawdown if inflows do notmatch withdrawalPossible toxicity to non-targetareas or species ofplants/animalsRestrictions on water use forvarying time after treatmentIncreased oxygen demand andpossible toxicity from decayingalgaePossible recycling of nutrients,allowing other growthsLake Pocotopaug Restoration Evaluation 114May 2002
TABLE 21 continued. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CONTROL OF ALGAEOPTION MODE OF ACTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESChemical controls9.a) Forms of copper ♦ Contact algaecide♦♦9.b) Forms of endothall(7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid)♦♦♦♦♦♦Cellular toxicant, suggesteddisruption of photosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism, andmembrane transportApplied as wide variety ofliquid or granularformulations, often inconjunction with chelators,polymers, surfactants orherbicidesContact algaecideMembrane-active chemicalwhich inhibits proteinsynthesisCauses structuraldeteriorationApplied as liquid or granules,usually as hydrotholformulation for algae control♦♦♦♦Effective and rapid control ofmany algae speciesApproved for use in mostwater suppliesModerate control of thick algalmats, used where copper isineffectiveLimited toxicity to fish atrecommended dosagesRapid action♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦Toxic to aquatic fauna as afunction of concentration,formulation, temperature, pH,and ambient water chemistryIneffective at coldertemperaturesCopper ion persistent;accumulates in sediments ormoves downstreamCertain green and bluegreennuisance species are resistant tocopperLysing of cells releases cellularcontents (including nutrients andtoxins) into water columnNon-selective in treated areaToxic to aquatic fauna (varyingdegrees by formulation)Time delays on use for watersupply, agriculture andrecreationSafety hazards for applicatorsLake Pocotopaug Restoration Evaluation 115May 2002
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LAKE POCOTOPAUGLAKE AND WATERSHEDRE
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11.3 Prevent algal blooms from occu
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LAYPERSON’S SYNOPSISLake Pocotopa
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The stocking of walleye in Lake Poc
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Lake Pocotopaug Restoration Evaluat
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Period Covered 1988• Pollution fr
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Recommendations included• Algacid
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Major EventDecember 1999 - Fish kil
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Table 5. Land Use from the CT DEP G
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Figure 4. Lake Pocotopaug Bathymetr
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Table 6. QA/QC on Water Quality Dat
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Soils - USDA at MAGIC UCONN Geograp
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Table 8. Water Quality Variables Me
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Phytoplankton samples were collecte
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where many measurements would have
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Figure 7. 2001 Temperature and Diss
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Table 10 continued. 2001 Lake Pocot
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phytoplankton biomass (Wetzel 1983)
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Figure 9. Annual June, July and Aug
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elow 7:1 occurred on September 22,
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Table 12. 2001 Dry and Wet Weather
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Table 12 continued. 2001 Dry and We
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were identified to genus and enumer
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Table 13 continued. 2001 Phytoplank
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Figure 10. 2001 Phytoplankton Bioma
Page 70 and 71: The late summer bloom of blue-green
Page 72 and 73: Table 15. 2001 Zooplankton DensityZ
Page 74 and 75: Table 16. 2001 Zooplankton BiomassZ
Page 76 and 77: 7.0 RELATIONSHIPS AND TRENDS7.1 Pre
Page 78 and 79: Figure 13. 1991-2001 Surface Water
Page 80 and 81: Figure 15. 2001 Surface and Mid-dep
Page 82 and 83: Figure 16. 1991-2001 Chlorophyll a
Page 84 and 85: Figure 18. 2001 Chlorophyll a vs. S
Page 86 and 87: Figure 20. 1991-2001 July and Augus
Page 88 and 89: Table 17. Empirical Model Calculati
Page 90 and 91: Table 18. Total Phosphorus Loading
Page 92 and 93: Table 19. Wet Weather Loading Summa
Page 94 and 95: With the best possible treatment of
Page 96 and 97: water quality should focus on input
Page 98 and 99: 10.0 MANAGEMENT NEEDS AND OBJECTIVE
Page 100 and 101: 11.2 Reducing Total Phosphorus and
Page 102 and 103: undeveloped forest land, an opportu
Page 104 and 105: Figure 22. Buffer Strips for Pollut
Page 106 and 107: Figure 23. Catch Basin with Sump an
Page 108 and 109: early spring to capture what appear
Page 110 and 111: Figure 26. Infiltration Systems.Lak
Page 112 and 113: Figure 27. Constructed Treatment We
Page 114 and 115: Chemical TreatmentIn-stream chemica
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 21. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CO
Page 118 and 119: TABLE 21 continued. MANAGEMENT OPTI
Page 130 and 131: 12.0 ADDITIONAL DATA NEEDSManagemen
Page 132 and 133: 13.0 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Page 134 and 135: this point, but as a rough guide, a
Page 136 and 137: 14.0 REFERENCESAd Hoc Lake Advisory
Page 138 and 139: Scheuler T.R., P.A. Kumble, & M.A.
Page 140 and 141: Appendix B:Supplemental Tables and
Page 142: Appendix D:Educational MaterialsLak
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