Lake Pocotopaug Lake and Watershed Restoration Evaluation ...

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TABLE 21 continued. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CONTROL OF ALGAEOPTION MODE OF ACTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESChemical controls14) Management for nutrientinput reduction ♦ Includes wide range ofwatershed and lake edgeactivities intended toeliminate nutrient sources orreduce delivery to lake♦ Can involve use of wetlandtreatment cells or detentionareas created from part oflake♦ Essential component of algalcontrol strategy whereinternal recycling is not thedominant nutrient source, anddesired even where internalrecycling is important♦♦♦♦♦♦Acts against the originalsource of algal nutritionDecreased effective loading ofnutrients to lakeCreates sustainable limitationon algal growthMay control delivery of otherunwanted pollutants to lakeGenerally most cost effectiveover long termFacilitates ecosystemmanagement approach whichconsiders more than just algalcontrol♦♦♦♦♦May involve considerable lagtime before improvementobservedMay not be sufficient to achievegoals without some form of inlakemanagementReduction of overall systemfertility may impact fisheriesMay cause shift in nutrient ratioswhich favor less desirablespeciesMay cost more in the short term,as source management isgenerally more involved thanone or a few treatments ofsymptoms of eutrophicationBiological Controls15) Enhanced grazing ♦ Manipulation of biologicalcomponents of system toachieve grazing control overalgae♦ Typically involves alteration offish community to promotegrowth of large herbivorouszooplankton, or stocking withphytophagous fish♦♦♦May increase water clarity bychanges in algal biomass orcell size distribution withoutreduction of nutrient levelsCan convert unwantedbiomass into desirable form(fish)Harnesses natural processesto produce desired conditions♦♦♦May involve introduction ofexotic speciesEffects may not be controllableor lastingMay foster shifts in algalcomposition to even lessdesirable formsLake Pocotopaug Restoration Evaluation 118May 2002
TABLE 21 continued. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CONTROL OF ALGAEOPTION MODE OF ACTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESBiological Controls15.a) Herbivorous fish ♦ Stocking of fish which eatalgae15.b) Herbivorouszooplankton16) Bottom-feeding fishremoval♦♦♦♦Reduction in planktivorousfish to promote grazingpressure by zooplanktonMay involve stockingpiscivores or removingplanktivoresMay also involve stockingzooplankton or establishingrefugiaRemoves fish which browseamong bottom deposits,releasing nutrients to thewater column by physicalagitation and excretion♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦Converts algae directly intopotentially harvestable fishGrazing pressure can beadjusted through stocking rateConverts algae indirectly intoharvestable fishZooplankton communityresponse to increasing algaecan be rapidMay be accomplished withoutintroduction of non-nativespeciesGenerally compatible withmost fishery managementgoalsReduces turbidity and nutrientadditions from this sourceMay restructure fishcommunity in more desirablemanner♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦Typically requires introduction ofnon-native speciesDifficult to control over long termSmaller algal forms may bebenefited and bloomHighly variable responseexpected; temporal and spatialvariability may be problematicRequires careful monitoring andmanagement action on 1-5 yrbasisMay involve non-native speciesintroduction(s)Larger or toxic algal forms maybe benefited and bloomTargeted fish species are difficultto eradicate or controlReduction in fish populationsvalued by some lake users(human and non-human)Lake Pocotopaug Restoration Evaluation 119May 2002
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LAKE POCOTOPAUGLAKE AND WATERSHEDRE
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11.3 Prevent algal blooms from occu
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LAYPERSON’S SYNOPSISLake Pocotopa
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The stocking of walleye in Lake Poc
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Lake Pocotopaug Restoration Evaluat
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Period Covered 1988• Pollution fr
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Recommendations included• Algacid
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Major EventDecember 1999 - Fish kil
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Table 5. Land Use from the CT DEP G
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Figure 4. Lake Pocotopaug Bathymetr
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Table 6. QA/QC on Water Quality Dat
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Soils - USDA at MAGIC UCONN Geograp
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Table 8. Water Quality Variables Me
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Phytoplankton samples were collecte
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where many measurements would have
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Figure 7. 2001 Temperature and Diss
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Table 10 continued. 2001 Lake Pocot
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phytoplankton biomass (Wetzel 1983)
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Figure 9. Annual June, July and Aug
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elow 7:1 occurred on September 22,
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Table 12. 2001 Dry and Wet Weather
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Table 12 continued. 2001 Dry and We
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were identified to genus and enumer
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Table 13 continued. 2001 Phytoplank
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Figure 10. 2001 Phytoplankton Bioma
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The late summer bloom of blue-green
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Table 15. 2001 Zooplankton DensityZ
Page 74 and 75: Table 16. 2001 Zooplankton BiomassZ
Page 76 and 77: 7.0 RELATIONSHIPS AND TRENDS7.1 Pre
Page 78 and 79: Figure 13. 1991-2001 Surface Water
Page 80 and 81: Figure 15. 2001 Surface and Mid-dep
Page 82 and 83: Figure 16. 1991-2001 Chlorophyll a
Page 84 and 85: Figure 18. 2001 Chlorophyll a vs. S
Page 86 and 87: Figure 20. 1991-2001 July and Augus
Page 88 and 89: Table 17. Empirical Model Calculati
Page 90 and 91: Table 18. Total Phosphorus Loading
Page 92 and 93: Table 19. Wet Weather Loading Summa
Page 94 and 95: With the best possible treatment of
Page 96 and 97: water quality should focus on input
Page 98 and 99: 10.0 MANAGEMENT NEEDS AND OBJECTIVE
Page 100 and 101: 11.2 Reducing Total Phosphorus and
Page 102 and 103: undeveloped forest land, an opportu
Page 104 and 105: Figure 22. Buffer Strips for Pollut
Page 106 and 107: Figure 23. Catch Basin with Sump an
Page 108 and 109: early spring to capture what appear
Page 110 and 111: Figure 26. Infiltration Systems.Lak
Page 112 and 113: Figure 27. Constructed Treatment We
Page 114 and 115: Chemical TreatmentIn-stream chemica
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 21. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CO
Page 118 and 119: TABLE 21 continued. MANAGEMENT OPTI
Page 130 and 131: 12.0 ADDITIONAL DATA NEEDSManagemen
Page 132 and 133: 13.0 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Page 134 and 135: this point, but as a rough guide, a
Page 136 and 137: 14.0 REFERENCESAd Hoc Lake Advisory
Page 138 and 139: Scheuler T.R., P.A. Kumble, & M.A.
Page 140 and 141: Appendix B:Supplemental Tables and
Page 142: Appendix D:Educational MaterialsLak
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