New developments in wide bandgap CdZnTe (CZT) semiconductor ...

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1. Introduction � BNL’s Nonproliferation and National Security Department (NNS) � Finding solutions and developments related to • Nonproliferation of nuclear materials (security of nuclear plants and other facilities) • Arms control • Movement of spent fuel • National security (points of entry, safeguard) � Detector development efforts: neutron and gammaray detectors � Three research areas: - CdZnTe material growth (new) - material characterization (samples from vendors) - detector development and testing
Advantages of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Material CZT is very attractive material for radiation detectors. Its feasibility has been demonstrated in many applications CZT Ge Si TlBr Hg 2I • High average Z 49.1 32 14 80 80 • High density (g/cm 3 ) 5.78 5.32 2.33 7.56 6.4 • High resistivity (W-cm) 10 10 47 2.3x10 5 10 12 10 12 TlBr HgI 2 • Provide high energy resolution close to Ge (0.5% at 662 keV) • Do not require cooling (best results usually obtained at ~5-10 C) • Provide sub-millimeter spatial resolution for imaging devices • Device fabrication utilizes technologies developed in semiconductor industry which make CZT detectors less expensive and more robust - chemically reactive - difficult to handle - toxic
Page 1: New developments in wide bandgap Cd
Page 5 and 6: Progress in CZT detector developmen
Page 7 and 8: Spectra of 152 Eu source measured w
Page 9 and 10: Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detect
Page 11 and 12: φ32 mm ’89 φ50 mm ’94 0.6 kg
Page 13 and 14: CZT 11-1 seed loading procedure see
Page 15 and 16: CZT synthesis in rocking furnace
Page 17 and 18: CZT 10-1 results - grain structure
Page 19 and 20: Redlen’s more recent 100 mm diame
Page 21 and 22: 2. Operation principle of ionizatio
Page 23 and 24: 3. Defects in commercial CZT materi
Page 25 and 26: Motorized X-Y-Z translational stage
Page 27 and 28: An example of a stack of 100 images
Page 29 and 30: Twin boundaries decorated by Te inc
Page 31 and 32: Micro-scale X-ray mapping at BNL’
Page 33 and 34: Spatial resolution and flux of Sync
Page 35 and 36: Comparison between two detectors De
Page 37 and 38: 28 keV 1000 V, 50 mm step Response
Page 39 and 40: Prismatic punching dislocation patt
Page 41 and 42: 2x1.5 mm 2 Photograph of the etched
Page 43 and 44: 10 inches Two types of contrast: ge
Page 45 and 46: Subgrain boundaries exist in all co
Page 47 and 48: X-ray response mapping of the netwo
Page 49 and 50: X-ray maps of CPG Illuminating from
Page 51 and 52: Rejection of the incomplete charge
Page 53 and 54:
Rejection of ICC
Page 55 and 56:
133 Ba source
Page 57 and 58:
Applications
Page 59 and 60:
Testing the array: raw data � Use
Page 61 and 62:
BNL develops camera for prostate ca
Page 63 and 64:
Medical - Future • $B/Yr market -
Page 65 and 66:
A High-Resolution MRI-Compatible SP
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B A Animal PET scanner animal bed V
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4.5 cm Digital readout PCB CdZnTe/C
Page 71 and 72:
Tomographic acquisition setup Radiu
Page 73 and 74:
Scientific Research • Astrophysic
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CdZnTe gamma camera 32,000 4x4x2mm
Page 77 and 78:
Motivation for ProtoEXIST Implement
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ProtoEXIST2 Detectors Crystal Units
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Security & Surveillance • Nuclear
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Detectors with electronics CZT Copl
Page 85 and 86:
The power of pixels! 20x20x15 cm 3
Page 87 and 88:
Motivation Dose rate monitoring net
Page 89 and 90:
� Silicon and CZT in one copper b
Page 91 and 92:
3 generations to reach optimal perf
Page 93 and 94:
Dual CdTe Medipix2 Flood Frames Si
Page 95 and 96:
Image Correction Demonstration of C
Page 97 and 98:
Conclusions � Quality and high co
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New developments in wide bandgap CdZnTe (CZT) semiconductor ...

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